Posttest Scores Research Articles

Assessment of Hybrid Problem Oriented Approach in teaching AETCOM module 4.9 in final MBBS curriculum

Background: AETCOM module 4.9 aims to sensitize students to legal aspects of care including negligence. It is a major public health issue related to patient safety. Aims & Objectives: This study was done to assess the effectiveness of the hybrid problem-oriented approach in teaching this module among phase 3 part-2 MBBS students and its perception among students and faculty. Methodology: Module-based educational prospective interventional study involving final MBBS students and faculty of Pediatrics Department. AETCOM Module was implemented as per NMC (National Medical Commission), India suggestions involving 1 hour of sensitization, 3 hours of self-directed learning 1 hour of role play and interactive lecture, and 1 hour of panel discussion. Pre- and post-test scores of pre-validated MCQs to assess knowledge, case closure, reflections and Likert’s scale for perception were recorded. Results: 115 final MBBS students and 6 faculty of the Department of Pediatrics participated. Significant improvement in post-test score of MCQ (mean 6.2 to 7.2 p<0.0001 on Wilcoxon signed rank test) and score on case closure (n=97, 84.3% scoring >80%) was observed. It was well received by students (n=112, 97.4%- satisfied or very satisfied) and faculty (n=5, 83.3%- very satisfied). They also found it useful (n=4, 66.7%). Majority of students strongly agreed that it enhanced understanding (n=88, 76.5%), it was practical (n=92, 80%), interesting (n=88, 76.5%), interactive (n=91, 79.1%) and promoted learning retention (n=78, 67.8%). Conclusion: A hybrid problem-based approach for teaching AETCOM module 4.9 was found to be effective in imparting knowledge and comprehension and it was well appreciated by students and faculty members.

Enhancing Reading Literacy in Thai Grade 2 Students through Active Learning Activities

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of employing a comprehensive active learning management plan in enhancing reading literacy among 2nd-Grade students in Thailand. The participants were 24 English as a foreign language (EFL) students in Thailand, selected through cluster random sampling. The research instruments included a learning management plan featuring a mix of active learning activities, including game-based learning, interactive storytime, story swap, and comprehension puzzles, and a pre–post reading literacy test. Data were analyzed using percentages, mean score, standard deviation, learning management effectiveness (E1: E2), the Effectiveness Index (E.I.), and a paired samples t test. The results show that active learning is effective, with students’ post-test scores being significantly higher than their pre-test scores. This study contributes to the existing body of evidence supporting active learning in primary school language classrooms. It highlights the benefits of incorporating a variety of active learning activities, rather than relying on a single approach, to enhance reading literacy.

Effect of Concept Mapping Teaching Strategy on the Performance in Mathematics of Grade 10 Students

Concept mapping is one of the teaching strategies that could facilitate meaningful connections and foster deeper understanding. The participants of this study were the 60 grade 10 students of Cabalantian National High School, Manticao, Misamis Oriental. This study sought to find out the significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores in mathematics when exposed using the concept mapping teaching strategy and the lecture method. The study used a true experimental research design, the randomized pretest-posttest control group design. This study utilized the percentage, independent t-test, and paired t-test to analyze the results. A paired t-test revealed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores of the students when exposed using the concept mapping teaching strategy compared to the lecture method, as shown in the mean difference of 12.467 with a t-value of 15.194 and a p-value of 6.9858 x 10^-22 when exposed to concept mapping teaching strategy and a mean difference of 7.7 with a t-value of 9.9454 and a p-value of 3.8005 x 10^-14 when exposed to lecture method, which is less than the p-value of 0.05 level of significance, and that leads to the rejection of the null hypothesis. This study concluded that concept mapping teaching strategy can better improve the student’s performance in mathematics.

Improving Third Year English Students’ Translation of Text Genres by Using The Method of Comparing the Position of Words in Phrases or Sentences in the Text Genres

This article presents an action research study undertaken at the Faculty of Education, Souphanouvong University during the 2020-2021 academic year. The aim was to determine whether teaching a method of comparing the position of words in the source language (English) and the target language (Lao) could improve third-year English students’ translation of text genres, and whether they were able to learn new vocabulary using this procedure. The sample comprised the 19 students from class 3ENT who studied English as their major. Research instruments included a pre-test, post-test, and questionnaire. Both pre-test and post-test consisted of English to Lao and Lao to English translation, and the questionnaire included 12 closed and open-ended questions. For the experimental method of teaching-learning translation, specific instruction for comparing the position of words between English and Lao was provided for three hours, followed by further practice in translating text genres for two hours per week over 16 weeks. This was implemented in-class and online. Finally, the pre-test and post-test scores of the 19 students were compared to see the difference in students’ translation ability. SPSS version 20 was used to calculate all the data. The results of this study showed the mean of the pre-test was 13.5263 with SD = 5.30585, and the mean of the post-test was 28.5263 with SD = 5.95696, while the t-test = -8.652 and p = 0.000. Before learning this technique for translation, 37% of students did not know how to translate English phrases or sentences into the Lao language by themselves, 47% of them knew a few ways, and 16% of students knew and understood how to use many techniques by themselves. After the experimental method was taught, 63% of students felt they knew how to translate English to Lao by themselves. In addition, 84% of students indicated they could learn new vocabulary from text genres, while 16% said they could learn a little new vocabulary from them.

Development of Independent Curriculum Printable Modules Pancasila Education Subject Class V SD Nurul Islam Cileungsi

This study aims to develop learning media in the form of printed modules for the Merdeka Curriculum in the fifth grade Pancasila Education subject at SD Nurul Islam, Bogor Regency. This research uses a combination of the Borg and Gall development model with Rowntree which results in a development model with the following steps; preliminary study, planning, writing preparation, initial draft development, initial trial, revision of trial results, main product field test, product revision, wide-scale field trial, final product revision and module dissemination and implementation. The feasibility test uses the validation of material experts, media experts and instructional design experts and considers the results of the user test of students and teachers. The material experts' feasibility test yielded results of 91%, the media design experts' 90%, the instructional design experts' 87%, the student users' 94%, and the instructor users' 94%. received the designation of "extremely feasible" overall. These findings suggest that using printed modules to enhance the learning outcomes of fifth-grade Pancasila Education pupils at Nurul Islam Elementary School is rather practical. According to the study of the pretest and posttest findings, students' average pretest score was 55, their average posttest score was 91, and their highest average score was 100. The effectiveness test yielded a value of 0.8 in the high category, or percented to 80, based on the N-Gain score formula findings. A conversion level of > 76 indicates that the N-Gain score attainment level is considered effective. Therefore, using the Merdeka curriculum print module helps students in class V at Nuurl Islam Elementary School achieve better learning results in Pancasila Education courses. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the development of the Merdeka curriculum print module in Pancasila Education subjects in grade V SD Nurul Islam is feasible and effective to use.

SIGNS: A Tool in Enhancing the Skills of Grade 7 Students on Operation of Integers

One of the most problematic areas of mathematics over the years has been the operation of integers; students' problem-solving skills regarding the application of positive and negative signs on integers still need extra support in order to become proficient in it. The following action research was carried out to verify the efficacy of SIGNS in developing a solving capability among Grade 7 learners in studying operations of integers under the theme of feeling no good at math, specifically using a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre-test and post-test research design. Grade size of the 40 students, who were purposefully selected from diagnostic test scores for participating in the study. The results of this study also showed that there was a significant gain in the solving skills of the learners, which could be observed from the computed mean and standard deviation. This is why there was such a big difference in the mean pre-test and post-test scores of these participants. Results also demonstrated that the intervention had a massive effect on participants' performance. With this, it is further suggested that mathematics teachers utilize SIGNS in teaching operations of integers as well as encourage school administrators to collaborate with the SIGNS team for resource development, such as guided notes and simulations supported by guided inquiry-based materials contextualized according to curricular standards and intended learner performances regarding solving of integer operations. Additionally, it is also advised that a study of the same type but more extensive in range be performed to improve SIGNS.

Improving Student Learning Outcomes on Heat Material Using the Stem Approach at SMP Negeri 2 Juli

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) approach in improving student learning outcomes on heat material at SMP Negeri 2 Juli. The research employs an experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design involving two groups of students: an experimental group that received instruction using the STEM approach and a control group that used conventional methods. The results show that students who participated in learning with the STEM approach experienced a significant improvement in their understanding of heat concepts, as reflected in the higher average post-test scores compared to the control group. These findings indicate that the STEM approach is not only effective in enhancing learning outcomes on heat material but also motivates students to be more active, creative, and critical in the learning process. Therefore, the STEM approach is recommended for broader implementation in science education at SMP Negeri 2 Juli.

The Use of The Duolingo Application in Improving Students’ Vocabulary Mastery to the Eleventh-Grade Students of SMK Gemilang Modernland in the Academic Year 2023/2024

This research was conducted to investigate the use of the Duolingo application in improving students’ vocabulary mastery to the eleventh-grade students of SMK Gemilang Modernland in the academic year 2022/2023 and to find out students’ perception on the use of Duolingo application in improving their vocabulary mastery. In this research, the researcher takes mixed-method research: (a) quantitative: pre-experimental design with pre-test and post-test, and (b) qualitative: questionnaire. The researcher takes students in XI AP of SMK Gemilang Modernland as her subject of the research with four meetings. Based on the tests result, the students’ score is increased. The mean score of pre-test is 67.84, and the mean score of post-test is 77.52. It shows that the post- test’s mean is higher than the pre-test’s mean. Based on the questionnaire, the result of the research showed that the use of Duolingo in teaching English has many positive effects to the students, such as; the Duolingo feature was helpful to improving their motivation to study English, the characteristics of Duolingo can improve their effort in learning and Duolingo also make the students enjoy the exercises in learning English. Furthermore, nearly all students feel that they will continue to use Duolingo to study English.

The Effect of Laughter Yoga on Vasomotor Symptoms and Sleep Quality in Menopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This experimental study aimed to determine the effects of online laughter yoga on the sleep quality and vasomotor symptoms (VMS) of menopausal women through a prospective, randomized controlled trial. About 36 women who attend the Menopause School were randomized into either the laughter yoga (n=18) or the control group (n=18). The laughter yoga group participated in eight online laughter yoga sessions, with two sessions per week for four weeks, whereas the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The laughter yoga group had significantly lower posttest VAS scores compared with the control group in all VMS (P <.05). Furthermore, the posttest PSQI score of the laughter yoga group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P <.05). Although there was no significant difference in the pretest and posttest scores obtained by the control group from the VAS and PSQI (P >.05), the intervention group exhibited a statistically significant difference in their pretest and posttest VAS and PSQI scores (P <.05; P <.001, respectively). The results indicate that laughter yoga is an effective method for reducing VMS and improving sleep quality.

Assessment of the Effectiveness of “Thermika,” a Serious Game, in Teaching Thermochemistry

With the emergence of novel advanced technologies, innovations in educational research have allowed the integration of learning into game-based approaches. As students view chemistry as a complicated subject, inadequate performance in the subject is observed. Game-based materials were shown to increase performance in their chosen subjects, and as such, this study aims to improve the performance of students in thermochemistry using a game-based approach called “Thermika.” The evaluation of the app's suitability shows that the game is suitable, gaining a mean of 4.58. Analysis of the pre-test and post-test scores from participants who have participated in either the individual or group-based application of the intervention showed a significant difference (p&lt;0.001) in their scores, which favored the post-test. This statistical significance is further supported by the approximately equal normalized gain score of 0.180 (g=0.180) of both groups and the respective effect sizes of 0.802 and 0.708 for the individual and group-based interventions, which ascertains the game’s practical significance as having a large effect. As implied by the evaluations and tests done to determine the statistical and practical significance of the application of the intervention, “Thermika” proved to be a suitable and effective pedagogical tool for improving performance and understanding in thermochemistry.

The Influence of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Models on the Biology Learning Outcomes of High School Students

Abstract. This research aims to determine the effect of the problem-based learning model on the biology learning outcomes of high school students in the circulatory system topic. This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. The study was conducted at SMA Negeri 9 Makassar. The population in this study comprised all eleventh-grade students of SMA Negeri 9 Makassar. The research sample included class XI Biology 5 as the control class and XI Biology 7 as the experimental class, selected through random sampling. The research instrument consisted of a multiple-choice test with 25 questions. Data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis, including normality tests, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis tests in the form of ANCOVA tests. The analysis results showed that the learning outcomes of students in the class taught using the PBL model, with an average pretest score of 31.12, categorized as poor and very poor, significantly improved, marked by an average posttest score of 86, categorized as very good and good. The ANCOVA test results showed a sig. value of &lt; 0.05, indicating that the problem-based learning model has an effect on the biology learning outcomes of high school students.Keyword: learning outcomes, problem-based learning

Examining the Effect of Sleep Hygiene Education Given to Nursing Students on Sleep Quality.

The study aimed to ascertain the effect of sleep hygiene training on nursing students' sleep quality. The research study group consisted of 80 nursing students studying in the nursing department. A quasi-experimental model with a pretest-posttest control group was used. Sleep hygiene training was given to nursing students in the experimental group. The sociodemographic data form for nurse students and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to collect data. The t-test for independent groups was used to compare the PSQI pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental and control groups, and the dependent group t-test was used to compare the PSQI pre-test and post-test scores within groups. There was a difference in the sleep-related data of the nursing students in the experimental and control groups and between the PSQI pretest and posttest score averages according to the groups. No significant difference between the pre-test and post-test mean scores was observed in the control group for subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep disturbance, and daytime dysfunction. Sleep hygiene education helps nursing students develop regular sleep behaviors.

Teaching medical students hematopathology: a randomized crossover study comparing direct inspection by light microscope versus projected images.

Students' ability to diagnose various blood disorders could be substantially improved by continuously reviewing approaches toward teaching hematology. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of light microscopes and projected images on students' learning and determine medical students' perception of these teaching methods. A randomized trial was conducted using a crossover design. Two groups, each with 30 students, were subjected to teaching methods based on light microscopes and projected images alternatively. No differences were found in the two study groups' baseline characteristics, such as median age, sex, and prior academic performance, as well as in the pre-test scores. Post-test scores were significantly higher among students subjected to the projection method than in the control group (Mean ± SD = 9.8 ± 1.7 vs. 5.1 ± 1.3, p < 0.001). In the post-cross-over assessment, 85% (n = 51) of students reported their satisfaction for the projected images, and 78% (n = 47) of students were willing to be taught by projection. Students perceived that the projection method facilitated participation and better involvement in discussions, improved learning, provided greater motivation, and eventually increased comprehension and efficiency. The projection-based teaching method is more effective in improving knowledge and achieving intended learning outcomes. Students tend to prefer the projection method over the laboratory-based method and perceive it as an effective method to enhance their learning of hematology.

Penyuluhan Keamanan Pangan pada Ibu Rumah Tangga di RT 05 RW 06 Kelurahan Bandar Kidul Kota Kediri

Two important factors in preventing foodborne illness are food hygiene and sanitation. These efforts can reduce the risk of bacterial contamination of food. Some examples of hazardous materials in food are plastics, metals, borax, formalin, insecticides, and banned food additives such as benzoic acid, ascorbic acid, lactic acid, and citric acid. The objective of this outreach is to increase knowledge about food safety and how to manage it. The method of counseling to the general public includes coordination with the head of the RT, providing materials, giving pre- and post-tests, and evaluating activities carried out at the RT head's house on June 1, 2024 at 16.00-17.30. The results of this activity were an increase in pre and post-test scores on questions regarding storage temperature and the main purpose of food storage, from 50 to 70 and 95 to 100. The conclusion of this counseling is that there is an increase in housewives' knowledge about food safety on a household scale. Suggestions for further counseling are to increase the number of targets so that more housewives understand the importance of household-scale food safety.

Optimizing Soldier Counseling: Multi-Source, Mixed-Method Evaluation of a Developmental Counseling Training for Mid-Grade Level Leaders.

In accordance with ADP 6-22-001 and ATP 6-22.1, counseling is the process routinely executed by Army leaders to develop, mentor, and coach subordinate Soldiers and Army civilians within their organization. When implemented effectively, the counseling process can be utilized to produce capable, resilient, and satisfied subordinates who are prepared and motivated to meet mission-essential responsibilities. Training opportunities that specifically focus on optimizing this key leader competence, particularly with non-commissioned officers, are limited. The Directorate of Prevention, Resilience and Readiness (Headquarters, Department of the Army, G-9) offers a specific training, the Counseling Enhancement Workshop, and requested an evaluation to determine the effectiveness of the current training and identify opportunities for improvement. A longitudinal 360-degree approach was deployed as a common multisource methodology intended to produce triangulated feedback from participants, as well as their subordinates and supervisors. Quantitative surveys and qualitative structured interviews were conducted. Performance psychology professional facilitators who train this workshop were also administered a questionnaire to capture instructional feedback. Measures include a knowledge assessment of the workshop content, Counseling Self-Efficacy Survey, as well as original measures related to the workshop experience. Completed written developmental counseling forms and observations from the evaluation team were also reviewed to ensure fidelity of the training implementation and delivery. The current study reports on survey responses from participants and facilitators. Results suggested a strong and positive correlation between the pre- and post-workshop Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale. Because of a small sample size, data were analyzed as planned but interpreted with caution because of limited validity. There was a significant increase between the pre- and post-tests knowledge comprehension test scores. Facilitators reported confidence in teaching resilience skills, but not coaching Soldiers to apply those skills as part of the developmental counseling process. The Army counseling process can be utilized to produce capable, resilient, and satisfied subordinates who are prepared and motivated to meet mission-essential responsibilities. Quantitative results on the content of the CEW present opportunities for meaningful training that increases leaders' confidence in delivering counseling sessions, as well as mastering specific skills that benefit the subordinate Soldier and improve unit health. Furthermore, performance psychology professionals provided feedback on focus areas to meet the instructional objective of the training more efficiently and effectively. Ultimately, the counseling process is considered the most important tool available to current leaders to build the capacity of future leaders and an investment in the training to enhance these skills will provide great returns to the U.S. Army as a whole.

An Investigation of Group-Based Mobile Learning on Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Pain Among Beta-Thalassemia Major Patients: A Randomized Control Trial.

Beta-thalassemia major (B-TM) is an inherited hematological disease that affects nearly 300 million people worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of group-based mobile learning on stress, anxiety, depression, and pain among beta-thalassemia major patients. This randomized clinical study was conducted on 48 patients with beta-thalassemia major in Jahrom, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to the control and intervention groups. Their partners in the intervention group were trained in self-care through mobile learning. The 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale and a visual analog scale for pain assessment were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using the Statistical package for the Social Sciences version 23.0. Although there was no significant difference between the control and intervention groups in the mean pre-test scores of depression (P = .21), anxiety (P = .05), stress (P = .48), and pain (P = .46), the mean post-test scores of depression, anxiety, and stress in the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group (P = .0001). The mean scores of depression (P = .33), anxiety (P = .74), stress (P = .83), and pain (P = .6) did not change significantly in the control group, while all these mean scores decreased significantly in the intervention group for DASS (P = .001) and pain (P = .002). Group-based mobile learning is effective in reducing depression, anxiety, stress, and pain in B-TM.

Development of a Batting Tool for Learning Physical Education Sports and Health for Students in Elementary School

Research objectives: (1) to generate products for the development of baseball games targeting elementary school students (SD), (2) to assess the viability of developing a baseball game bat for Physical Education learning (PE learning) in elementary students, and (3) to evaluate the effectiveness of a baseball game bat for Physical Education learning (PE) in enhancing the hitting skills of elementary school students. This study was categorized as Research and Development (R&amp;D) or development research, consisted of the following stages: 1) identification of potential and problems; 2) collection of information; 3) design of the product; 4) validation of the product; 5) revision of the product; 6) conducting product trials; 7) further revision of the product; 8) conducting broader trials; and 9) finalizing the model through revision. The trial participants consisted of third grade students from SD Negeri Dalangan 1 (Dalangan 1 Elementary School) in Minggir District. The trials were conducted on a weekly basis. For small-scale trials, there were 6 students involved, and for large-scale trials, there were 12 students. The sample was determined by using purposive sampling. The selected instruments included a questionnaire for material experts and media experts to assess the eligibility of a batting tool as a medium for learning baseball games, as well as questionnaires to gather student assessment responses. The acquired data would thereafter be quantitatively examined by using descriptive statistics, through the calculation of percentages. The acquired results indicate the following: (1) the development of baseball game batting products goes through nine stages of development, and (2) The assessment of the development tool's viability is based on a) the trial validity conducted by material experts shows that the mean value at 4.89 levels of achievement 97.78% are in the "very feasible" category. b) Media specialists undergo validity testing, resulting in an average value of 4.83. The achievement rates for this testing are at 96.67%, placing it in the "very feasible" category. c) A smallscale feasibility trial is conducted. Students receive an average score of 4.62, which corresponds to 87.23% in the "very feasible" category. The large-scale feasibility trials, conducted through a questionnaire, show an average score of 4.95, which corresponds to 99.10% in the "very feasible" category. Additionally, the t-test results indicate that the mean post-test score of 85.42 is significantly higher than the mean pre-test score of 41.67. The rise can be deemed significant based on the statistical significance (2-tailed) with a p-value of 0.000 (less than 0.05). Therefore, the creation of a castle game bat product is highly viable and efficient for teaching Physical Education for elementary school students.

Educating a new generation of nurses about workplace violence using an innovative virtual simulation module

Workplace violence (WPV) continues to be a pervasive and burdensome issue. Nurses spend more time with patients and families increasing their WPV risk. Unfortunately, nursing programs do not routinely provide education or training on de-escalation or management of WPV. Future and current nurses should acknowledge and receive education for the prevention and mitigation of WPV as well as frequent reviews and updates on current trends and strategies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of education on knowledge of WPV among pre-nursing students at a Midwestern university. This study used a pre-and post-tests, quasi-experimental design with 99 students. A brief knowledge test was completed by participants both before and after the intervention. Pre- and post-test scores were collected across sections. Analysis of paired sample t-tests demonstrated a 20% average increase in post-test scores with a statistically significant increase from pre-test scores (t=-11.357, p&lt;0.001). Results indicated that the innovative, virtual simulation module increased participants’ knowledge of workplace violence in healthcare. Increased knowledge of and preparation for the WPV workplace would strengthen students’ safety readiness for practice with the persistence of WPV against nurses. Prevention and response of WPV education must be an essential component of every undergraduate nursing program following licensure.

Empowering Teachers' Learning into Action to Enhance Active Learning in the Classroom

This research is a Research and Development (R&amp;D) study aimed at developing educational innovation entitled "Online Self-Training Program to Empower Teachers' Learning into Action to Enhance Active Learning in the Classroom", and implemented in schools. The online self-training program consists of 2 projects 1) a Development project for teacher learning which includes 7 self-training modules, and 2) the implementation of an online self-training program project which includes 1 self-training module to be used as a teaching guideline. The research consists of 4 steps. The final step was an experimental study. The results of the first project found that 12 participating teachers achieved post-test scores that met the standard of 90/90. The average post-test score was statistically significantly higher than the average pre-test score. Additionally, results from the second project found that, according to students’ perception scores, the average post-test score was statistically significantly higher than the average pre-test score among 500 students. The results confirm that the "Online Self-Training Program to Empower Teachers' Learning into Action to Enhance Active Learning in the Classroom," is an effective educational innovation for teachers. Therefore, it can be disseminated for the benefit of teachers in schools on a broader scale in the future. Additionally, results from the second project found that, according to students' perception scores, the average post-test score was statistically significantly higher than the average pre-test score among 500 students. The results confirm that the "Online Self-Training Program to Empower Teachers' Learning into Action to Enhance Active Learning in the Classroom" is an effective education innovation for teachers. Therefore, it can be disseminated for the benefit of teachers in schools on a broader scale in the future.

Evaluation of the effect of death education based on the Peace of Mind Tea House: a randomized controlled trial of nursing trainees at Xiamen University, China

BackgroundThere are few studies on death education models for nursing students in China. It is of great significance to construct a model of nursing students’ death education combined with clinical practice. This study aims to evaluate the effect of death education on nursing students based on the Peace of Mind Tea House.MethodsThe randomized controlled trial commenced from February 7 to March 18, 2021,featuring a two-month intercession at a hospital situated in Xiamen, China. The research subjects were chosen using a convenient sampling approach with nursing students from the hospital's internship program. Ninety-two participants were enrolled, with 46 in each group. Thirteen participants were lost to follow-up, corresponding to 14% of the total study population. The samples were then allocated randomly into either the intervention group or the control group. In addition to their hospital internship, the intervention group participated in six death education courses that focused on cognitive, emotional, and motor skills as well as the “Peace of Mind Tea House” program. Control participants will undergo regular internships. Before and two weeks after the course, both groups were evaluated for death anxiety, attitude towards death, and the meaning of life to assess the intervention's effectiveness.ResultsIn the fear of death item of the Death Attitude Scale and the meaning of life section, the post-test score minus the pre-test score of the intervention group were 2.50 ± 3.90 (p = 0.011), and 8.90 ± 11.07 (p = 0.035), respectively. During the communication and sharing session of the reassurance card activity, 41 participants (95.3%) found the activity meaningful.ConclusionOur data analysis demonstrates that nursing students have accepted and acknowledged the Peace of Mind Tea House-based education on death, which positively impacted their attitudes towards deathand the meaning of life. The content of death education should be integrated with traditional culture, and a new model of death education should be constructed with the Heart to Heart cards as its core. This research presents proof of the efficacy of implementing appropriate death education for nursing students, and provides a successful intervention plan to alleviate their future death anxiety and develop a positive outlook on death.Trial registrationThis study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Xiamen University School of Medicine (No. XDYX202304K21)(Date:18/01/2021). Written consent to participate was obtained from all the students.