Post-test Level Research Articles

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAM ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING GCS (GLASGOW COMA SCALE) AMONG NURSING STUDENTS IN SELECTED COLLEGE OF NURSING AT PATNA

STATEMENT OF THE STUDY: A study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) among Nursing Students in Selected College of Nursing at Patna. OBJECTIVE: 1.To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program regarding GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) among nursing students in a selected College of Nursing at Patna. 2. To assess the knowledge level regarding GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) among nursing students in a selected College of Nursing at Patna. 3. To find out the association between pre-test & post -test knowledge regarding GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) with their selected Socio-demographic variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Non probability Convenience Sampling Technique was used for selecting a sample of 60 students. A questionnaire was made to assess the knowledge regarding Glasgow Coma Scale tool consist of socio demographic data, self- structured questionnaires. Expert opinion and content validity of the tool was established by experts. RESULTS: The pre-test and post-test level of knowledge on Glasgow Coma Scale before and after Planned Teaching Program. It shows that before the Planned Teaching Program, 16.67% of students are having average knowledge, 18.33 % of them having good knowledge, 0% having excellent knowledge & 45% having poor knowledge. After the administration of planned teaching program, 48.33% of students are having good knowledge, 35% of them having excellent knowledge, 16.67% having average knowledge & 0% having poor knowledge. CONCLUSION: Therefore, H1 and H2 hypothesis were accepted that there will be significant difference in pre-test and post-test knowledge score of nursing student after intervention of Planned Teaching Program regarding Glasgow Coma Scale which show level of post-test knowledge score is higher than level of knowledge score in pre-test. KEYWORDS: Planned Teaching Program, Knowledge, GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale), Nursing Students

Relationship between group activities and social anxiety among college students and the intervention effect of group activities

Abstract Background: Due to environmental changes, personal pressure, and other reasons, college students' social anxiety is severe, which is not conducive to the healthy development of individuals. Therefore, intervention is needed. Objective: This paper aims to understand the relationship between group activities combined with mindfulness technology and college students' social anxiety and the intervention of group activities to explore whether mindfulness group activities can alleviate college students' social anxiety. Methods: Using social avoidance and distress scale (SAD), interaction anxiousness scale (IAS), and five facet mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ) as tools, 110 college students with social anxiety from Enshi Polytechnic were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The former group underwent mindfulness activity intervention for eight weeks, and the pre- and post-test levels of social anxiety and mindfulness of the two groups were compared. Results: Significant differences were not observed in pre-test IAS, SAD, and FFMQ scores between the two groups (p > 0.05). In the post-test, the experimental group exhibited significantly lower IAS scores (43.28 ± 8.36) and SAD scores (11.45 ± 2.07) compared to both their pre-test scores and those of the control group (p < 0.05). The experimental group showed a significantly higher FFMQ score of 118.78 ± 12.87 points compared to both the pre-test and control group (p < 0.05). No obvious changes were observed in the IAS, SAD, and FFMQ scores of the experimental group during the follow-up period (p > 0.05).

A Media Literacy Education Approach to Sexual Health Promotion: Immediate Effects of Media Aware on the Sexual Health Cognitions of Young Adult Community College Students

This study evaluates the efficacy of Media Aware, a comprehensive sex education program with a media literacy education approach, for improving sexual health cognitions among 1139 U.S. community college students (ages 18–19) from 23 campuses. Students were randomized to condition (intervention or delayed-intervention control) and completed pretest and posttest questionnaires. Several main effects of the intervention were found at posttest, including reduced perceived realism of media messages, positive attitudes about risky sex, and descriptive normative beliefs about unprotected and risky sexual activity, and increased self-efficacy to use dental dams. Gender and pretest levels moderated some intervention effects. Women in the intervention group reported less identification with media messages compared to women in the control group. Students in the intervention group who reported lower pretest levels of self-efficacy to use dental dams and to refuse unprotected sex had higher posttest levels on those outcomes as compared with the control group. Students in the intervention group who reported higher pretest levels of normative beliefs about risky sexual activity had lower posttest levels on those outcomes as compared with the control group. Results suggest that Media Aware is a promising method to improve the sexual health of young adults attending community college.

Effectiveness of Comprehensive Intervention Package on Pain and Physical Function among Patients with Arthritis in Selected Old Age Home at Chennai

Nursing, The Tamilnadu Dr. MGR Medical University. Abstract: Arthritis is a painful condition affecting joint, joint tissues and other connecting tissues with the manifestation of joint pain, swelling and stiffness which typically worsen with age. Tai chi and guided imagery could minimize those symptoms. The true experimental research design was used for the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 30 patients with arthritis as study participants (15 in experimental group and 15 in control group). The level of pain and physical function among patients with arthritis was assessed by WOMAC Osteoarthritis index. After pretest comprehensive intervention package that includes Tai Chi for 30 minutes thrice weekly and Guided Imagery for 30 minutes twice weekly was implemented to the experimental group for one month and the old age home routine was followed for the control group which was followed by the posttest. The study findings showed that the pretest and posttest mean pain score was 9.73 & 6.67 with standard deviation of 1.22 & 1.29 respectively in experimental group. The paired `t` value was 7.99*** which revealed that there was a highly statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest level of pain at p<0.001. The pretest and posttest mean physical function score was 40 & 27.53 with standard deviation of 7.38 & 6.23 respectively in experimental group. The paired `t` value was 5.21*** which revealed that there was a highly statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest level of physical function at p<0.001. The independent ‘t’ test value was 3.10 & 3.11 which revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in the posttest level of pain and physical function between experimental and control group at p<0.01. There was no statistically significant difference in the pretest and posttest mean pain and physical function score in the control group.

Reducción del miedo al entorno sanitario en niños usando espacios simulados: un ensayo controlado aleatorizado

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention that involved interactions within a simulated health care space to reduce medical fear among children in infant classes. MethodsAn experimental study involving 86 children divided into an intervention group and a control group with pre- and postintervention measurements was undertaken. The intervention, known as the Health-Friendly Program, consisted of showing children various scenarios that simulated different medical contexts so that they could interact in them, experiment with the materials and ask questions. Medical fear was evaluated using the Spanish version of the revised «Child Medical Fear Scale», which provides a score of the medical fear level ranging between 0 and 34 points. The pretest and posttest levels of medical fear in the intervention and control groups were compared with Student's t test. ResultsThe children in the intervention group experienced a significant reduction in fear by 3.21 points (SD: 6.50) compared to the children in the control group. This reduction in fear was shown in all four dimensions of the scale: intrapersonal fears, procedural fears, environmental fears and interpersonal fears. ConclusionThe Health-Friendly Program provides an innovative intervention to reduce medical fear among children based on information, confrontation strategies and simulation scenarios. This study suggests the potential benefit of incorporating educational interventions in schools in collaboration with university and health care simulation centers.

EFFECTIVENESS OF IEC PACKAGE ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING CHILD MOLESTATION AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN (6 TO 12 YEARS) IN SELECTED SCHOOL AT VILLUPURAM

Aim: to assess the effectiveness of IEC package on knowledge regarding child molestation among school children (6 to 12 years) in selected school at Villupuram. Objectives: (i) to assess pre test and post test level of knowledge regarding child molestation among school children (6 - 12 years).(ii) to identify the effectiveness of IEC package on knowledge regarding child molestation among school children( 6 - 12 years).(iii) to associate the post test level of knowledge regarding child molestation among school children with their selected demographic variables. Methodology: The quantitative approach and pre-experimental one group pre test and post test research design adopted for this study. The study was conducted at Government High School, V.Salai, Villupuram. 50 samples were selected for the study by using non probability convenience sampling technique. Data collected by using investigators prepared structured multiple choice questionnaires. Results: The finding shows that the pre test mean value was 5.14 with the standard deviation of 2.73 and the post test mean value was 17.86 with a standard deviation of 1.19. The t test value is 29.58 this showed a significant difference between pre and post level of knowledge and there was no significant association between post test level of knowledge regarding child molestation among school children with their selected socio-demographic variables. Conclusion: The study finding concluded that level of knowledge regarding child molestation among school children was improved after IEC package administration. Hence it was proved that the IEC package was effective in improving the level of knowledge.

The impact of moderate-intensity basketball intervention on the physical self-esteem and school adjustment of first-year high school students.

This study conducted an 8-week experiment with the basketball sports intervention program to explore the relationship between the basketball sports intervention program and the physical self-esteem and school adjustment of first-year high school students, providing references for first-year high school students' school adjustment and related research. Using convenient sampling,88 students in two classes of grade one in a senior high school in Changzhou were selected as the experimental research objects and were randomly divided into experimental groups (basketball) 44 people (20 male and 24 female; control group routine physical education) 44 people (23 male and 21 female). The exercise intervention lasted 8-week, 3-times-a-week with about 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each time. The control group had normal sports activities, and the exercise intensity was not monitored. The Physical Self-esteem Scale and the School Adaptation Scale were used to measure the data in a group manner before and after the experiment. All data were statistically analyzed with SPSS26.0. (1) After 8 weeks of basketball intervention, the post-test level of school adaptation of first-year high school students was significantly higher than the pre-test (p<0.01), and the post-test level of physical self-esteem was significantly higher than the pre-test (p<0.01). (2) Basketball intervention can directly affect the school adaptation of first-year high school students and indirectly affect the school adaptation through physical self-esteem. The direct effect was 86.79%, and the indirect effect was 13.21%. (1) Intervention of moderate intensity basketball can improve first-year high school students' school adaptation and physical self-esteem. (2) Intervention of moderate intensity basketball can directly improve first-year high school students' and school adaptation by improving individual physical self-esteem. Physical self-esteem plays a partial intermediary role between basketball and school adaptation.

A study to assess the effectiveness of sacral massage and music therapy on pain perception and birth satisfaction among women in labor at selected hospital at Dindigul

The study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sacral massage and music therapy on pain perception and birth satisfaction among women in labor at selected hospital, at Dindigul. The research approach used for the study was evaluative approach. The research design used for the present study was quasi experimental non-equivalent control group post test only design. The conceptual framework was based on Modified Wiedenbach’s helping art clinical theory (1964). The samples were selected by non - probability purposive sampling technique. Sample size was 60 mothers out of which 30 were in experimental group and 30 were in control group. The tool used for this study was to assess the level of pain perception by using numerical pain rating scale and to assess the birth satisfaction by using birth satisfaction scale. The intervention of sacral massage and music therapy was given. The mean post test score of pain perception in experimental group and control group was 6(SD±0.66) and 8.13(SD±0.66). Respectively mean difference was 2.13. The calculated independent “t” value was 50.45 was significant at p&lt; 0.05, level, which showed that sacral massage, and music therapy was effective in reducing pain perception among women in labor. the mean post test score of birth satisfaction in experimental group and control group was 107.4(SD±6.36) and 83.6(SD±6.12). The mean difference was 23.8 the calculated independent “t” value was 16.08 was significant at p&lt; 0.05, level, which showed that sacral massage and music therapy was effective in improving birth Satisfaction among women in labor. The findings revealed that there is no significant association between post-test level of pain perception and demographic variables. Except religion (χ2 = 119.9), educational status (χ2 = 13.2), occupation (χ2 = 16.25) at P &lt; 0.05 level of significance in experimental group. The findings revealed that there is no significant association between post test level of birth satisfaction and demographic variables. Except age in year (χ2 = 8.1), educational status (χ2= 313.4), occupation (χ2= 31.7), and age at marriage (χ2= 189.6) at P &lt; 0.05 level of significance in experimental group. The statistical findings revealed that sacral massage and music therapy was beneficial and there was a significant reduction in pain perception and improving birth satisfaction among women in labor in experimental group.

Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on the Knowledge Regarding Health Services among Eligible Couples in Selected Community Area in Bangalore

Health services available to eligible couples in India are not only to aid in curtailing the ever-growing population of the country but also to improve the women’s and child health as well as their reproductive health. The need for continuing mass education and increase in awareness in this regard is thus of utmost priority. To assess the level of knowledge regarding the health services among eligible couples. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme in terms of gain in for eligible couples regarding health care services. To find out an association between knowledge scores with selected socio-demographic variable. The research design adopted for the study was quantitative research design, quasi-experimental with one group pre-test and post-test research design. A total of 60 eligible couples were selected using simple random sampling technique. The tools used to collect the data consisted of structured questionnaire, the reliability score was obtained with the help of Spearman-Brown prophecy. During pretest out of 60 participants, 49 (81.67%) had inadequate knowledge and 11(18.33%) had moderately adequate knowledge. Whereas in post-test only 3 (5%) had inadequate knowledge scores, 10 (16.67%) had moderately adequate knowledge scores and rest 47 (78.33%) Participants had adequate knowledge scores. The null hypothesis stated was rejected and re-stating that there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test level of knowledge regarding healthcare services available to the eligible couples. It was found statistically that there is no significant association between demographic variables and level of knowledge. The above results point out to the fact that the Structured Teaching Programme is highly effective in increasing the knowledge about healthcare services among eligible couples in the specific community area.

Disruptive behaviors and its impact on meaningful learning in BGU students

The research called Disruptive Behaviors and their impact on meaningful learning in BGU students. Its objective was to identify disruptive behaviors and their impact on meaningful learning in BGU students from the “Raymundo Aveiga” Educational Unit. For this purpose, the research had a qualitative, quantitative and descriptive approach with the purpose of generating information based on the results obtained during the implementation of the EFECO questionnaire to the students. This questionnaire was made up of 67 items that allowed the evaluation of executive functions such as: emotional control, monitoring, organization of materials, initiative, and working memory. The sample consisted of 40 BGU students from this institution. Some results indicate that, when comparing the knowledge of the electric field, the results obtained at the post-test level show the same trend, that is, an average of 5.25 students was obtained for the first group and an average of 5.45 for the second group. Finally, the alternative hypothesis is accepted Ha = There are significant learning differences between the group that shows disruptive behaviors and the students who do not show disruptive behaviors.

Effectiveness of Transitional Care Model on Knowledge Regarding Quality of Life Among Clients with Post Myocardial Infarction

Myocardial Infarction is the major cause of disability in many developing countries and by 2020 is forecast to be the major cause of disease burden world-wide and it is a slow progressive disease and can be reduced by adhering to certain life modification strategies. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of transitional care model on knowledge regarding quality of life among clients with post Myocardial Infarction in a selected hospital at Chennai. A quantitative approach using pre-experimental one group pretest post-test research design was adopted for the study and 30 samples that full filled the inclusion criteria were selected. The structured knowledge questionnaires were used to assess the pre-test and post-test level of knowledge regarding quality of life among clients with post Myocardial Infarction. Following the intervention, a significant portion 19 (63.3%) exhibited moderately adequate knowledge, and 11(36.7%) achieved a level of adequate knowledge. Thus, the Transitional care model had a significant impact on enhancing client’s understanding regarding quality of life. Keywords: Transitional Care model, post myocardial infarction, quality of life, knowledge

Effect of Percussion Toy on Level of Pain Perception Among Infants Receiving Vaccination at Selected Health And Wellness Centre, Puducherry

Pain will affects the physiological and behavioural reactions in infants. It may cause permanent structural and functional changes in infants. Due to pain, infants experience acute measurable, physiologic, behavioural, metabolic and hormonal response to pain. This leads to long term negative effects on neurologic and behavioural evelopment of the child. METHODS True experimental post-test only control group design was adopted for the study. The study was conducted at Mettupalayam, Health and Wellness Centre, Puducherry. Study participants were infants aged between 6-20 weeks. 80 infants was selected by using consecutive sampling technique and computer generated randomization and divided into experimental and control group. Percussion toy – sound producing drum (a musical instruments that makes a sound) shown to the children of experimental group, 30 seconds before vaccination, during and 15 seconds after vaccination. Vaccination for control group with routine care (conventional intervention). The post-test data was collected by using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) in experimental and control group. RESULT The study results revealed that 70% mild and 30% moderate pain in experimental group, 60% moderate and 40% severe pain in control group among infants receiving vaccination. The study showed that the difference in the level of pain perception was statistically significant at p&lt;0.05 level. This states that there is a significant difference between post-test level of pain perception among infants receiving vaccination in experimental and control group. CONCLUSION The study was done to assess the effect of percussion toys on level of pain perception among infants receiving vaccination at selected Health and Wellness Centre, Puducherry. Consecutive sampling technique and computer generated randomization was used to select the sample. The data was collected among 80 infants undergoing vaccination. Collected data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The study findings revealed there was statistical significant difference in post-test level of pain perception among experimental and control group (p&lt;0.001). Hence it was concluded that the percussion toy reduces the level of pain perception among infants receiving vaccination.

The Effect of Aerobic and Combined Training on Heart Function of Middle-ged Male Patients After Bilateral Femoral Artery Coronary Grafting

Background and Aims Cardiovascular diseases are among the most common causes of death in the world. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases increases with older age. Using cardiac exercise training to rehabilitate the heart after heart disease creates functional and structural adaptations in the patient’s cardiovascular system, reducing mortality from related diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of two aerobic and combined exercise training methods on heart function capacity in middle-aged male patients after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery. Methods In this quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design, 68 middle-aged male patients (Mean±SD age: 56.19±1.26 years) were studied after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery. The subjects were randomly and availably divided into 3 groups: Aerobic (n=20), combined exercise training (aerobic+resistance) (n=20), and control (n=28). The subjects in the intervention groups performed 8 weeks of training, 3 sessions per week. Each training session in the aerobic and combined groups was performed for 40 minutes with the intensity of 70-85% heart rate reserved and 60 minutes with the intensity of 40-80% of one repetition maximum for each patient. Levene’s test, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and Bonferroni statistical tests were used to analyze the obtained data at the significance level of P≤0.05. Results The one-way MANOVA test showed that functional capacity, ejection fraction and maximal oxygen consumption increased significantly after aerobic and combined exercise training compared to the control group (P&lt;0.05). However, the Bonferroni post hoc test showed no significant differences between functional capacity, ejection fraction, and maximal oxygen consumption at post-test levels in aerobic and combined exercise training groups (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion The findings of this study show that both aerobic and combined exercise training can improve the heart functional variables in middle-aged male patients after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery, and these improvement levels appear to be independent of the types of training.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Cold Pack Application on Episodic Pain Among Patients with Migraine in Selected Community Areas.

A migraine is typically described as a sick headache, since the patient apart from the headache feels very sick. Migraine is a genetic neurological disease, characterized by episodes often called Migraine attacks. To assess the effectiveness of cold pack application on episodic pain among patients with migraine. To associate the posttest level of episodic pain among patients with migraine with selected demographic variables. A quasi experimental group pretest and posttest research design with a purposive sampling technique. The sample size of the study consists of 60 patients with migraine headaches. Demographic variables education (χ2 = 16.113, p=0.013) and residence (χ2=7.329, p=0.026) had shown statistically significant association with post test level of episodic pain among patients with migraine at post test level of episodic pain among patients with migraine. This study concluded Cold Pack Application may reduce the level of episodic pain among patients with migraine.

The Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Cissus Quadrangularis among Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia

ABSTRACT Background: Osteopenia refers to bone density that is not only normal but also not as low as that noted in osteoporosis. Osteopenia leads to osteoporosis and increases the risk of fractures. Current research is focused on agents that will prevent or slow the progression of bone loss. The Objectives of the Study: To assess the pretest and posttest levels of osteopenia among postmenopausal women, and to assess the effectiveness of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) on postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Methodology: A true experimental study design using targeted sampling techniques was used to conduct 60 patients with osteopenia. The data were collected with the help of structured questionnaires. Confidentiality was maintained throughout the process. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inference statistics. Result: A total of 60 participants completed this study. The percent BMD changes in the CQ-treated groups did not differ at any site after 24 weeks compared to the placebo. Reduced bone remodeling activity was detected in both CQ-treated groups. These results correlated with the within-group comparison, which showed a continuously significant increase in both BTMs in the placebo group. Conclusion: This is the first clinical report that showed a promising effect on delaying bone loss of oral administration of CQ for 24 weeks, as indicated by a slower bone remodeling process via a reduction in BTMs. However, no change in BMD was observed.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Honey in the Reduction of Constipation and Insomnia among Antenatal Mothers during the Third Trimester of Pregnancy

ABSTRACT A quasi-experimental quantitative approach with pre and posttest design was conducted at urban public health center (UPHC). Forty antenatal mothers were recruited and were separated into two groups in experimental and control groups. In both the groups, a pretest was done by assessing the level of the constipation-by-constipation assessment tool. The experimental group were provided with honey with warm water continuously for six days in the morning and evening as the control group received routine care. Posttest was conducted on the 7th day in both groups using the same scale to assess the level of constipation and insomnia. The study result concluded that calculated independent “t” test value of t = 2.327 was found to be statistically significant at P &lt; 0.01 level with posttest level of constipation and insomnia between the experimental and control group.

Comparative Study to Assess the Effects on Blood Pressure of Drinking Green and Black Tea among Hypertensive Patients

ABSTRACT Hypertension is a serious condition that affects both industrialized and developing nations’ public health. It is an important medical condition that can raise the chance of developing heart, brain, kidney, and other problems. Objective: • To evaluate the effect of green tea and black tea on blood pressure (BP). • To compare the levels of BP among black tea- and green tea-consuming hypertensive patients. • To find out the association between effects of green tea- and black tea-consuming hypertensive patients with selected demographic variables. Methodology: A quasiexperimental research design with the purposive sampling technique was adopted to conduct a study among 60 hypertensive patients. Thirty patients consume black tea, and 30 consume green tea. Data were gathered by structured questionnaires using demographic variables and biological parameters. Result: The calculated Student independent ‘t’ test value of t = 3.216 in the post-test shows that there was a statistically significant difference between the post-test levels of systolic BP between the two groups, which was statistically significant at P &lt; 0.01 level. The calculated student independent‘t’ test value of t = 2.986 in the post-test shows that there was a statistically significant difference between the post-test levels of diastolic BP between the two groups, which was statistically significant at P &lt; 0.01 level. Conclusion: Green tea was found to be more effective than black tea in reducing the level of hypertension among the hypertensive clients.

Impact of Knack Manoeuvre Among Women with Urinary Incontinence: A Quasi Experimental Study

ABSTRACT Objective: The Objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of Knack manoeuvre among women with urinary incontinence. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a repeated measures design was used to conduct study at Saveetha Medical College Hospital. Experimental group received Knack manoeuvre for 6 months and control group received routine care. The sample size was 100, which was recruited by purposive sampling technique. The data were collected with structured questionnaire, and questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis and biophysiological parameters were assessed by abdominal leak peak pressure (ALPP). Results: The study results depict that frequency and percentage distribution of pretest and post-test level of ALPP. Between group comparison of post-test at 6 months of control and experimental showed significance (P &lt; 0.001). There was a progressive decrease in ALPP of control and experimental groups. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first prospective nonrandomized study that assesses the efficacy of the Knack manoeuvre on urine incontinence by assessing biophysiological parameters.

The Effect of Sex Education and Counseling Based on the Ex-PLISSIT Model on Sexual Life in Primigravidas

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effect of sexual education and counseling based on the Ex-PLISSIT model on sexual function, attitudes towards sexuality during pregnancy, sexual distress, and quality of sexual life in primigravidas. Methods: This study was carried out on 62 primigravidas in a pretest posttest, a quasi-experimental control group. Primigravidas meeting the inclusion criteria were assigned to the groups by simple random sampling method. The intervention group received training and counseling sessions twice. The control group received routine care during the follow-up period. The results were compared with the evaluation forms 10 weeks after each training and counseling session. The forms were administered to the control group at the same time as the intervention group. Results: The mean scores of the intervention and control groups’ attitude towards sexuality during pregnancy in the second test (95%CI=2.33-19.01; d=0.65, p=.013) and in the posttest (95%CI=2.28-19.34; d=0.64, p=.015) were statistically significantly different. Sexual life quality scale mean scores of the intervention and control groups were statistically significant in the second test (95%CI=8.27-18.54; d=1.33, p=.000) and the posttest (95%CI=12.14-22.01; d=1.76, p=.000) level was different. In addition, the mean scores of the intervention group were higher after sexual education and counseling based on the Ex-PLISSIT model. Conclusion: In this study, sexual education and counseling based on the Ex-PLISSIT model positively affected primigravida’s attitudes towards sexuality and their quality of sexual life. Therefore, this model can be used as a cost-effective and simple counseling method to improve the sexual life.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Flavoured Ice Cube on Level of Oral Mucositis among Cancer patients receiving Chemotherapy in selected Hospital, Rajkot

Cancer is a group of more than 200 diseases characterized by uncontrollable and unregulated growth of cells. It is a major health problem that occurs in people of all ethnicities. Quantitative approach with experimental research design was adopted. A total of 30 of each control and experimental group were selected who have cancer receiving chemotherapy and have oral mucositis. Data were collected by using demographic variable and oral mucositis measured by oral mucositis assessment scale. In this Study shows that post-test level of knowledge among selected 30 sample of experimental group cancer patient with oral mucositis undergoing chemotherapy Reported 17(56.7%) mild oral mucositis, 13(43.3%) moderate oral mucositis and 0(0%) severe oral mucositis The pre-test report 03(10%) mild oral mucositis, 9(30%) moderate oral mucositis and 18(60%) severe oral mucositis. After the application of the flavored ice cube on the level of oral mucositis the post test score was as followed 17(56.7%) mild oral mucositis, 13(43.3%) moderate oral mucositis, and 00(00%) severe oral mucositis. It also revealed that the mean pre test score is 20.733 and the mean post test score is 13.9 The mean difference between the pretest and post test score is 6.833.