Posttest Anxiety Research Articles

A slow diaphragmatic breathing intervention for anxiety: How do respiration rate and inhalation/exhalation ratio influence self-reported anxiety?

The primary aim was to investigate how respiration rate and inhalation/exhalation ratio influence self-reported state anxiety during a single slow diaphragmatic breathing exercise session. Eight hundred and twenty-eight participants completed the study at two separate geographical locations (Poland and Spain). Participants performed a 10-min online guided breathing exercise. Respiration rates were sampled from a continuous uniform distribution (ranging from 6 to 12 breaths/min). Similarly, inhalation/exhalation ratios were treated as continuous variables and sampled from a uniform distribution for each participant. An application programed for this experiment displayed visual and auditory cues adjusted for each participant. Before and after the breathing exercise, each participant filled in the Current Anxiety Level Measure questionnaire. Self-trait anxiety was measured with the Clinically Useful Anxiety Outcome Scale. A linear regression model showed that respiration rate, trait anxiety, pre-test anxiety, and nationality (Polish/Spanish) were positively related to post-test anxiety levels. Adding quadratic terms of respiration rate and inhalation/exhalation ratio did not improve model fit. Polish participants exhibited higher post-test anxiety levels compared with the Spanish subsample. Age was negatively associated with post-test anxiety. No significant relationships between inhalation/exhalation ratio and post-test anxiety level were found. Slower respiration rates during a single-session breathing exercise are linearly associated with lower post-test anxiety levels in a large and varied sample. This study is the largest to date and may offer further guidance for predicting expected effect sizes for the relationships between anxiety and respiratory dynamics.

A study to assess the effectiveness of art therapy on pre-operative anxiety among patients undergoing surgery admitted in surgical wards of Sree Balaji Medical College and hospital, Chennai-44

The study explores the concept of health, mental wellness, and nursing. Health involves achieving human potential through goal-directed behaviour, self-care, and satisfying relationships. Mental wellness is a positive attribute, promoting emotional well-being and flexibility. Nursing focuses on protecting, promoting, and optimizing health and abilities, preventing illness and injury, and alleviating suffering. Surgery involves cutting or closing wounds. This study used an evaluative approach to assess the effectiveness of art therapy on preoperative anxiety among patients undergoing surgery. A one-group pretest-posttest design was used, with observations made before and after art therapy. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of art therapy on anxiety levels in patients undergoing surgery. The study was conducted at Sree Balaji Medical College and hospital in Chennai-44, a 1300-bed hospital with advanced facilities. The hospital admits 40-50 patients daily due to surgical problems, with 20-30 surgeries occurring in the operation theatre. Patients are accommodated in different surgical wards and shifted to the surgical Intensive Care Unit for observation. After stabilization, they return to their previous ward. The study included all patients admitted for surgery at Sree Balaji Medical College and hospital during the study period. The study involved 60 surgical patients admitted to Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai-44, using a convenient sampling technique, based on availability. Table 1 shows the demographic distribution of 60 patients undergoing surgery, with 20 patients aged 21-30, 31.7% aged 31-40, 31.6% aged 41-50, and 16.7% above 50. The majority were male, with 60.0% being married, and 73.3% were married. 5% were illiterate, while 8.3% had secondary education. 25.5% were unemployed, while 45% were private employees, and 20% had their own business. All patients had prior knowledge about surgery, with 33.3% getting information from relatives, 11.7% from television, and 55% from doctors. The study found a significant association between demographic variables such as educational status, family income, and type of surgery and post-operative anxiety levels in patients undergoing surgery at Sree Balaji Medical College and hospital. The pretest anxiety score significantly differed from the post-test anxiety score. The study concluded that conducting art therapy pre-operatively can reduce anxiety levels and promote recovery during surgery.

Evaluating the efficacy of cognitive restructuring and exposure therapies on secondary school chemistry students' test anxiety: A randomized trial.

This study explored how cognitive restructuring (CR) and cognitive exposure therapy (CET) impacted test anxiety in chemistry students from Nsukka, Enugu State. Three research questions and hypotheses guided the investigation. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest, posttest, and 2 experimental groups was employed. The study involved 154 SSII chemistry students from 4 purposefully chosen schools within Nsukka. The Chemistry Test Anxiety Scale, Cognitive Restructuring Chemistry Treatment Package, and Cognitive Exposure Chemistry Treatment Package served as the data collection instruments. The Chemistry Text Anxiety Scale's internal consistency, measured by Cronbach alpha, was found to be 0.86, indicating good reliability. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) addressed the research questions, while Analysis of Covariance tested the hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level. Results showed that the students who were exposed to CR therapy had pretest mean test anxiety score of M̄ = 78.31, standard deviation (SD) = 8.63 and posttest mean test anxiety of mean [M] = 27.06, SD = 5.71, while those exposed to cognitive exposure had a pretest mean test anxiety score of M = 77.39, SD = 8.68 and a posttest mean test anxiety score of M = 32.62, SD = 11.04. The reduction in text anxiety scores of -51.25 and -44.77 for the students exposed to CR and cognitive exposure respectively. The students exposed to CR therapy had lesser posttest mean test anxiety score than those exposed to CET. The results revealed that students receiving CR therapy displayed lower posttest anxiety scores compared to those receiving CET. Additionally, no significant interaction between treatment and gender on test anxiety was found. It was concluded that CR therapy is better than CET in the management of test anxiety among chemistry students. Based on these findings, it was recommended that cognitive behavioral therapists should be invited periodically to educate students on the negative effects of irrational thoughts on academic performance.

The effects of the Mindfulness, Acceptance and Self-Compassion in Sport (MASCS) program on the sport anxiety and self-compassion of elite tennis players

This study examined the effect of a twelve-session Mindfulness, Acceptance and Self-Compassion in Sport (MASCS) program on self-compassion and somatic anxiety, worry and concentration disruption sub-dimensions of sport anxiety in elite tennis players. A randomized control group pretest and post-test experimental design was used in this study. The study involved sixteen elite tennis players attending a tennis club. Their ages ranged between 12 and 18 years, with a mean age of 14.25. The Sport Anxiety Scale-2 and the Self-Compassion Scale–Short Form were used as data collection instruments before and after the program. Elite tennis players in the experimental group participated in the MASCS program once a week for twelve weeks. The results showed that after the MASCS program, there was an increase in self-compassion and a decrease in somatic anxiety, worry, and concentration disruption sub-dimensions of sport anxiety in the experimental group. There were also significant differences between self-compassion and the somatic anxiety and concentration disruption sub-dimensions of sport anxiety post-test scores of the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group. These findings suggest that elite athletes can improve their ability to cope with anxiety in sports by practicing mindfulness and self-compassion exercises.

Program Kader Kesehatan Jiwa terhadap Kecemasan, Stres dan Depresi pada Lansia

This study aims to examine the effect of the mental health care mentoring program on anxiety, stress, and depression in the elderly. The research method used was a pre-experimental design with a one-group Pre-Post Test Design. The results of the study showed that the value of reducing anxiety in the elderly pre-test anxiety was 76 people (32.28%), and post-test anxiety was 52 people (22.4%). The stress reduction value in the elderly pre-test stress was 32 people (13.8%) and post-test stress was 14 people (6%). The value of reducing depression in the elderly, pre-test depression was 33 people (14.28%) and post-test depression was 21 people (9.1%). Meanwhile, the results of the Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that there was an influence because the p-value was 0.000, <0.05, which means there was an influence of cadre mentoring on anxiety, stress, and depression. In conclusion, there is an influence of cadre assistance on anxiety, stress, and depression in the elderly. Keywords: Depression, Elderly, Health Cadres, Anxiety, Mentoring Program, Stress.

A comparison between effects of sudoku and mandala painting on anxiety of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Once diagnosed with breast cancer, many women may experience psychological complications, such as anxiety. The grueling treatments that such patients may undergo, for example, chemotherapy, not only cause specific complications for them but also increase their anxiety level. A technique to manage these psychological consequences in patients with breast cancer is to play Sudoku or do Mandala painting. This study aimed to compare the effects of Sudoku and Mandala painting on the anxiety level of patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 70 patients with breast cancer in Arak, Iran. The patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected through purposive sampling, and then they were assigned to one of the Mandala painting or Sudoku groups using block randomization. The data were collected using a demographics form and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). All participants in both groups completed the research questionnaires before the intervention. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS-26. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test anxiety scores in both Sudoku and Mandala painting groups (P = 0.0001). The difference between the pre-test and post-test mean anxiety scores was 6.09 ± 4.02 in the Sudoku group and 48.93 ± 13.8 in the Mandala painting group. The results of the inter-group comparison also showed a significant difference between the two groups in post-test mean anxiety score (P = 0.0001), proving that Mandala painting was more effective in reducing the anxiety of patients. Mandala painting was more effective than Sudoku in reducing the anxiety level of patients with breast cancer. It can be hence concluded that Mandala painting can be used as a relaxing art therapy technique in these patients.

Effectiveness of Psychosocial Intervention on Selected Psychological Problems of Post Menopausal Women

Background: Women are the vital set up and heart of the family. The menopausal problems of women always make them so tired. So they need menopausal care and prevention of problems. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of a psychosocial intervention on selected psychological problems of post-menopausal women at B. V. V. Sangha's Akkanabalaga, Bagalkot. Methodology: This was a randomized controlled trail with pre-test post-test control group design. A Simple Random sample of 60 post-menopausal women was selected from B. V. V. Sangha’s Akkanabalaga, Bagalkot. Socio demographic information of post-menopausal women was gathered using structured socio demographic profile and depression and anxiety were assessed using Center for Epidemiological Research Studies- Depression Scale and the General Anxiety Disorder- 7 Scale respectively. Data were analyzed in terms of objectives of the study. Findings: Result indicates that majority of the post-menopausal women of both experimental group (73.33%) and control group (70%) were mild depressive and the majority of post-menopausal women of both experimental group (63.33%) and control group (73.33%) had moderate anxiety. A statistically significant difference was found between post-test depression scores of experimental group and control group subjects [t=6.01, p<0.05]. Similarly, there was a statistically significant difference found between post-test anxiety scores of experimental group and control group subjects [t= 6.72, p<0.05]. No significant association was found between pretest depression and anxiety scores with selected socio demographic variables of post-menopausal women of both experimental group and control group. Conclusion: The finding of the study concluded that the post-menopausal women had psychosocial problems. The implementation of Psychosocial Intervention Programme to the experimental group has decreased their anxiety and depression effectively as compared to control group. Keywords: Post menopausal women, selected psychological problems, Effectiveness, Psychosocial Intervention and Socio-demographic variables.

Mindfulness Modification Training to Reduce College Student Anxiety in Dealing with Thesis

Each student will experience anxiety when working on a thesis. In this study, students writing their theses in the sixth semester of the Faculty of Psychology at Diponegoro University will be tested to discover if modified mindfulness can lower anxiety levels. The participants in this study were 15 students on 6th semester from the Faculty of Psychology at Universitas Diponegoro. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HRS-A) pretest and posttest anxiety scale was employed as the data collection tool. One group test experiment serves as the study methodology. It is possible to infer from the Paired Samples T-test findings that the variance of the data is homogeneous or equal because there are a known number of p values that are 0.425 > 0.05. The value of 0.959 > 0.05 or 0.672 > 0.05 is well recognized in assumption checks. It can be said that the pretest data is usually distributed as a result. The study's findings support the idea that students writing theses experience much lower anxiety levels when they participate in a modified mindfulness training program that incorporates progressive muscle relaxation. To boost the effectiveness and usage of mindfulness modification to lessen anxiety in students working on their final project, this research has to be improved.

The alleviation of entrepreneurial anxiety among college students through innovation and entrepreneurship education in universities

BackgroundAnxiety is a painful emotional experience disproportionate to the situation, manifested as anxiety without a definite objective object and specific conceptual content. With the severe employment situation, more and more college students have become self-employed. Under the enormous pressure and risks of entrepreneurship, some college students have developed anxiety.Subjects and MethodsThe Cochrane Library search was conducted on past research on entrepreneurial anxiety, using keywords such as anxiety and psychotherapy. Forty college students who started their businesses were randomly divided into two groups. One group received innovation and entrepreneurship education, while the other was the control group. Before and after the innovation and entrepreneurship education, these students were tested with electromyographic indicators and a self-rating anxiety scale.ResultsInnovation and entrepreneurship education have a significant effect on alleviating entrepreneurial risk anxiety among college students. There is a significant difference in the post-test electromyographic indicators compared to the pre-test (t =-4.46, P<0.05), and there is a significant difference in the scores of the post-test anxiety self-assessment scale compared to the pre-test (t =-4.23, P<0.05).ConclusionsThe anxiety of college students is one of the critical factors affecting their entrepreneurship, and it is urgent to adopt effective methods and timely intervention and treatment in a retrograde manner. Innovation and entrepreneurship education in vocational colleges can effectively alleviate the anxiety of college students, which is of great significance for their mental health and career development.

The Effect of Using Virtual Reality Glasses on Anxiety and Fatigue in Women with Breast Cancer Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy: A Pretest-Posttest Randomized Controlled Study

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of using virtual reality glasses on anxiety and fatigue in women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Data SourcesA total of 66 women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. The intervention group watched and listened to beach and nature content with virtual reality glasses for 30 minutes. The control group also received standard care. An Introductory Information Form, the State Anxiety Scale, and the Cancer Fatigue Scale were used for data collection. The scales were administered to the groups before the intervention, followed by practice or standard care, and then the scales were re-administered. All patients were evaluated for each cycle over four cycles. ConclusionIn the intervention group, the mean post-application anxiety scores decreased compared with the mean pretest scores, and the mean posttest anxiety scores decreased from the first cycle to the last cycle. In addition, the mean post-test anxiety scores of the intervention group were found to be lower in all four cycles than the mean post-test anxiety scores of the control group. In the intervention group, the mean post-test fatigue and subscales scores decreased in all cycles compared with the mean pre-test scores. Implications for Nursing PracticeThis research has shown that the use of virtual reality glasses is effective in reducing anxiety and fatigue scale scores and their subscales in patients with breast cancer. For this reason, it is recommended to introduce the use of virtual reality glasses to patients and to present their use according to patients' preferences.

The Impact of the 5E Learning Model Improved with Concept Maps on Motivation

The examination of students’ motivation towards lessons is an important aspect of educational studies. The constructivist approach significantly impacts the improvement of students’ motivation. The present study aims to examine the use of the 5E learning model with concept maps to support students’ motivation and compare the 5E approach and the classical approach to teaching chemistry in terms of motivational dimensions. The main subject of this study is an assessment of students’ motivation using the 5E learning model, which promotes student-centred teaching. The study was conducted with 100 8th-grade lower secondary school students who attended a school in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) during the spring semester of the 2018/19 school year. The study was conducted with two randomly selected groups: experimental (EG) and control (CG). The lessons of the EG were taught using the 5E Learning Model Improved with Concept Maps, while lessons of the CG were conducted using the current, conventional teaching method. The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) was applied as a data collection tool in the study. Descriptive statistics and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) were used in data analysis. As a result, it was determined that the EG students’ motivation scores showed a significant difference from the CG students’ motivation scores. Furthermore, a significant difference was established between the EG and CG students’ intrinsic goal orientation and test anxiety post-test scores. Although the EG students’ averages for other sub-dimensions were higher than the CG students’ averages, no significant difference was found between the groups.

Effect of Informing Patient Relatives by Short Message (SMS) on Their Anxiety and Satisfaction Level During Orthopedic Surgical Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of informing patient relatives by short message on the level of anxiety and satisfaction during orthopedic surgery. DesignRandomized controlled trial. MethodsThe study was conducted with 112 relatives of patients who underwent orthopedic surgery in a state hospital between November 2017 and December 2017. The relatives of the patients were assigned randomly to the experimental and control groups. An Introductory Information Form, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Satisfaction Questionnaire were used as the data collection tools. Data were obtained by interviewing the patients’ relatives face-to-face and the relatives' self-report. FindingsThe state anxiety post-test scores in the experimental group were significantly lower than the scores in the control group (P < 0.001). The mean satisfaction score in the experimental group was 9.50 ± 1.43. ConclusionsThe anxiety level of the relatives who were informed by short messages during orthopedic surgery significantly decreased , and the individuals were satisfied with this service.

The effects of listening to lullabies and self-selected music at home on prenatal stress and anxiety in nulliparous pregnant women: A randomized-controlled study

To compare the effects of nulliparous pregnant women listening to lullabies and self-selected music on reducing the anxiety and antenatal stress. This was a randomized controlled study. Lullaby group (LG) (n = 40) listened to the lullaby chosen by the researcher, mixed music group (MG) (n = 40) listened to self-selected music and control group (CG) (n = 40) received general care. Post-test anxiety and stress levels was lower in two intervention groups versus CG (p < 0.01). Post-test anxiety was lower in the MG versus LG (p < 0.01), however post-test stress levels were similar. Pregnant women listening to self-selected music at home is more effective in reducing anxiety.

Reducing Anxiety in HIV/AIDS Patients Through Cognitive Therapy

This study aims to determine the effect of giving cognitive therapy in reducing anxiety in people with HIV/AIDS. The research subjects were 8 women with HIV/AIDS. Data collection was carried out using an anxiety scale, interviews and observations. The research design used was the Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The research analysis used is quantitative and qualitative analysis. Quantitative analysis by testing the hypothesis using the Mann-Whitney test analysis to determine whether there is an effect of cognitive therapy in reducing anxiety in HIV/AIDS sufferers in the study group before being given training and after being given training. Qualitative analysis was carried out based on the results of observations, interviews, worksheets. The results of the study, namely the pre-test and post-test anxiety showed that there were differences in anxiety after being given training with a value of Z = -2.309, p = 0.021, p &lt;0.05. In the post-test and follow-up study groups there was a difference in anxiety with a value of Z = -2.323, p = 0.020, p &lt;0.05. The conclusion of this study is that there are differences in the level of anxiety in the study subjects after follow-up.

A study to assess the effectiveness of origami therapy on anxiety towards hospitalization among children admitted in pediatric wards of selected hospitals from sangli, Miraj and Kupwad corporation area

Background: Play therapy plays an important role in reducing anxiety towards hospitalization in hospitalized children. This study is aimed to assess the effect of origami therapy on anxiety towards hospitalization among school age children admitted in the pediatric wards of selected hospitals. Method: A Quasi experimental pre-test post-test with control group design was used in the study, which includes total 60 children ,30 children in control and 30 in experimental group. Children with moderate and sever anxiety were included in the study and the anxiety was assessed through observation check list by the researcher and anxiety was also reported by the children with self reported rating scale. Result: The difference in the anxiety score across two groups was statistically significant. By using observation checklist as well as self reporting rating scale. Then origami therapy was given to the child for 30 min for 5 days for experimental group and the mean post-test anxiety score was observed and in control group it was19.63 i.e., (mild anxiety) and in experimental group it was 10.4 i.e., (minimal anxiety). Self-reported rating post-test anxiety score in control group was 27.60 i.e. (moderate anxiety) and in experimental group it was 12.70 i.e. (mild anxiety). The difference between the groups was statistically significant as P= 0.000. It indicates that the anxiety was reduced with the origami therapy in hospitalized children. Conclusion: The study findings showed that administration of origami therapy on anxiety towards hospitalization among children was effective in relieving anxiety.

A QUASI EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GUIDED IMAGERY TECHNIQUE ON EXAMINATION ANXIETY AMONG ADOLESCENT STUDENTS IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS, BENGALURU.

Guided imagery technique is a cognitive behavioural technique in which under the guided instructions a client is guided in imagining a relaxing scene or series of experiences. It is a gentle powerful technique more often used to promote relaxation and to provide therapeutic benets. Adolescents are very often susceptible to emotional distress due to exam anxiety .The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of guided imagery technique on examination anxiety among adolescent students. A quasi-experimental research which includes a pre-test, guided imagery technique training and a post-test was conducted. A convenient sampling was used to select the 60 adolescent students and their knowledge was assessed by multiple-choice questionnaire and standardized test anxiety questionnaire developed by Nist and Diehl. The results revealed that the mean post-test anxiety level score (14.97) was lesser than the mean pre-test score (21.2). The obtained “t” value was 5.74 which was signicant at p&lt;0.05 level .The study concluded that guided imagery technique is an effective intervention for reducing examination anxiety among adolescent students.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF TWO DIFFERENT DISTRACTION STRATEGIES AS A NON-PHARMACOLOGICALANXIOLYTIC AMONG HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN

Background Non-pharmacological anxiolytic distraction methods are extensively supported for their role in reducing anxiety; stress in hospitalized children However, there is limited scientic evidence identifying the most suitable distraction strategy, especially in an Indian set-up. Objective To perform a comparative evaluation of the impact of two different distraction strategies as a non-pharmacological anxiolytic among hospitalized children. Methodology In this prospective study, 120 hospitalized children of either sex, satisfying the inclusion criteria were included. Three different treatment groups created: animated cartoon video group (ACV/ n = 40), distraction card therapy (DCT/ n= 40) and control group (n= 40). ACVand DCTwas administered for 20 minutes in their respective groups during the vital signs' procedure, and anxiety was assessed before, during and after the 5 min of procedure by using modied child faces anxiety scale (Wong-Baker FACES). The routine procedure was done on control group without giving them the intervention. P0.05 was considered signicant. Results Most patients were in the age group of 3-6 years, with a male predominance (53.75%) (Male: Female=0.67:0.57). Signicant difference was noted in the post-test anxiety scale test score between ACV and control group, DCT and control group (p &lt; 0.001), with high post-test score noted in the control group. Slightly high mean test score noted in the DCT group (6.8) than ACV group (5.5), but non-signicant. The majority of children in the age group of 3-6 years had moderate anxiety levels in the ACVgroup (p = 0.01408) and DCTgroup (p = 0.0316) indicting their signicant association with age group. ConclusionACV is a more effective non-pharmacological intervention than DCT, for decreasing the anxiety levels in paediatric inpatients

A quasi experimental study to assess the effectiveness of mindfulness meditation programme on the level of stress and anxiety among B.Sc. nursing first year students in selected nursing colleges of Shimla, H.P, 2019-2021

Background: Stress and Anxiety are normal part and parcel of life. These cannot be avoidable, but learning techniques to manage stress and anxiety with mindfulness meditation techniques could help to decrease negativity in life. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of “Mindfulness”- Meditation Programme” on the level of stress and anxiety among B.Sc. Nursing first year students. Methodology: Quasi experimental research design was selected. Total 60 B.Sc. nursing 1st year students were included in the study with non-probability convenient technique. Data was collected by using demographic variables, 5-point likert Perceived stress scale and Self structured Anxiety scale. Final study was done at Shimla Nursing College, Shurala and Shivalik Institute of Nursing, Bhattakuffar. A Total of 15 sessions of Mindfulness Meditation Programme were administered in the experimental group for 45minutes.Result: Findings of the study showed that the mean post-test score of stress in experimental group was lower than the mean post -test stress score of control group (11.50, :t=19.98, p=0.001) and the mean post-test score of anxiety in experimental group was lower than the mean post -test anxiety score of control group (18.93:t=17.57, p=0.001), Hence it can be concluded that Mindfulness Meditation Programme was found to be effective in reducing stress and anxiety scores among nursing students. There was positive correlation between post-test level of stress and post-test level of anxiety with (r =0.568, p=0.001). There was significant association on the level of post-test stress and post-test anxiety scores with selected demographical variables. Conclusion: The study concluded that Mindfulness Meditation Programme was effective in reducing the level of stress and anxiety among B.Sc. Nursing 1st year students and beneficial in improving mental well-being of nursing students.

Is hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HyFoSy) more tolerable in terms of pain and anxiety than hysterosalpingography (HSG)? A prospective real-world setting multicentre study

BackgroundIn 60% of sterile couples a female factor is present, with these being tubal factors in 30–50% of cases. A tubal patency test is also required in women without a male partner undergoing fertility treatment. Thus, an accurate, safe and tolerable technique should be available. The aim of this study is to determine and to compare hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HyFoSy) and hysterosalpingography (HSG) tolerability in terms of pain and anxiety.MethodsThis is a prospective real-world setting multicentre study conducted in two tertiary hospitals in Madrid. 210 infertile women/women without a male partner looking to get pregnant were recruited; 111 for the HyFoSy group and 99 for the HSG group. Tolerability was measured in terms of anxiety by the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and pain by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).ResultsMedian VAS score in HyFoSy group was 2 (P25; P75: 1; 3) versus 5 (4; 8) in HSG group, p < 0.001. The median State-STAI score in the HSG group was 18 points (10; 26) versus 10 (7; 16) in the HyFoSy group (p < 0.001); the median Trait-STAI score in the HSG group was 15 (11; 21) versus 13 (9; 17) in the HyFoSy group (p = 0.044).ConclusionsHyFoSy shows higher tolerability to both: pain and anxiety. It is related to less pain and less post-test anxiety than HSG.

EFFECT OF MUSIC THERAPY ON ANXIETY LEVELS AMONG INFERTILE WOMEN UNDERGOING IVF PROCEDURES: A RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL

Millions of people in reproductive age group, are affected by infertility worldwide. It is a stressful condition that disturbs the psychological and emotional well-being of couples. When the couple resort to IVF, they would have to undergo certain diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, that might add up to the stress, with positive outcome of treatment still unconfirmed. In recent years, the use of complementary treatment in invasive procedures has increased significantly. The complementary therapy of music is known to reduce patient's anxiety and stress levels, alleviate pain. The objective of the study is to determine the effect of music therapy on the anxiety levels among women undergoing IVF procedures. This is a randomized controlled trial which was conducted in 144 infertile women that underwent IVF procedures. Women aged between 21 to 45 years, undergoing IVF procedures like ovum pick up or embryo transfer were included. Based on the eligibility criteria and consent the participants were assigned to either groups; music therapy along with standard therapy(Group 1 n=72) or the standard therapy(Group 2 n=72) through block randomization. The study data was collected using the Personal Information Form that also included the Beck Inventory Anxiety scale. Analysis of the subjects irrespective of the groups showed a statistically significant difference in anxiety scores in relation to duration of infertility (p 0.017) and type of procedure(p <0.001). The mean anxiety scores in the interventional group, reduced from 13.50 to 8.60 which was found to have a statistically significance (p <0.001). In the control group, there was no significant difference in the anxiety scores (p 0.065). Comparing the posttest anxiety score between group I and group II there was no significant difference between the two groups 6.73 vs. 4.23(t=-1.33 p=1.00). The result of the study shows that therapy with music, reduces the anxiety of women before undergoing an invasive IVF procedure.