This article gives an overview of the history of, and the research on, the balanced cantilever construction method, with a focus on post-tensioned concrete bridges. In the introduction, the method and the history of cantilever construction in steel, concrete and post-tensioned concrete bridges is presented. Structural failure of two different bridges is shown as a motivation for a more detailed understanding of the performance and force transmission of these bridges. Recent experimental and numerical research on post-tensioned concrete balanced cantilever bridges is introduced. In conclusion, most of the research is done on already completed structures. For a better overview, the need to conduct numerical and experimental research on balanced cantilever bridges during construction is highlighted.