Post-occupancy Evaluation Research Articles

Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Thermal Comfort Sensation of Pupils in School Establishments under Hot Arid Climate Conditions

School establishments have been considered the foundation of various civilizations, due to the importance of the educational process in producing future generations and shaping healthy societies. This paper aims to evaluate the thermal comfort sensation of pupils in school buildings under hostile climatic conditions in hot arid regions. The study employed the use of the post-occupancy approach with subjective assessments through questionnaires and physical measurements of the environmental physical parameters of thermal comfort: temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity as objective assessments. These measurements were in parallel with survey questionnaires that were undertaken during regular class sessions covering the hot and cold conditions of a school year, polling responses from 281 participants on their perception of the indoor climate. Finger's comfort indicators are calculated (PMV, predicted mean vote; and PPD, predicted percentage of dissatisfied people); and the actual people's clothing and metabolic rate are estimated in order to conclude the prevailing indoor thermal conditions. The investigations were carried out on three samples of school buildings in Biskra (Algeria) of different architectural styles. The study’s results revealed that the levels of temperature were the most crucial parameter that influenced the thermal sensation with an average of 35C° with a PMV of 2.48, and 15C° in winter with a PMV of -2.56, indicating more than 90% dissatisfaction. Therefore, a well-thought bioclimatic school design is needed to ensure acceptable indoors, and promote healthy and safe learning spaces, by adopting sustainable design principles and low-energy-consuming techniques.

Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Green Technologies for a High-Rise Building Based on User Experience

Post-occupancy evaluations of buildings help us understand the effectiveness of building designs. Most of such evaluations focus on the overall building performance and on the indoor air environment, and few focus on individual technologies. In this paper, we report a user experience-based evaluation on multiple green technologies applied in a high-rise building constructed 17 years ago. These technologies include a circular building design, innovative floor plans, a corridor-type, double-skin facade with cavity shading, and three-dimensional greening design. Data were obtained through a questionnaire for the building occupants and on-site measurements of environmental variables. The results show that the occupants were most satisfied with the three-dimensional greening, natural lighting and ventilation in the public spaces, and the sound and thermal environment of the rooms with the double facade. They were not satisfied with room ventilation, solar shading, or lighting adjustment provided by the double facade. In addition, the aesthetic appearance of the circular building was not recognized by the occupants, who appeared to pay more attention to its space efficiency than the external appearance. This was true especially for older occupants. The users expressed a strong demand for outdoor leisure spaces and green vegetation. However, the practicality and functionality of three-dimensional greening, along with the interference of the glass curtain wall on vegetation growth, calls for more attention to the design. The female occupants were found to be more sensitive to the thermal and acoustic environment. Based on these results, we provide recommendations on the maintenance of the building and the future design of these measures.

Industrial building adaptive reuse for museum. Factors affecting visitors’ perceptions of the sustainable urban development potential

Adaptive reuse is a rapidly expanding frontier research topic across the world. Following decades of human-induced disdain and neglect of resource depletion and environmental deterioration, adaptive reuse has the potential to have a substantial impact on current trends in urban sustainability. Adaptive reuse that integrates certain concepts and strategies can accomplish a healthy mix of financial investment, environmental protection, cultural heritage preservation, and urban regeneration. Yet, the results of converting a pre-existing industrial building of cultural heritage into museum remain unclear. This study aims to explore the elements influencing public perception of the adaptive reuse influence on sustainable urban development. In order to achieve the objective set, an online survey focusing on the newly adaptively reused FIX Brewery was conducted, followed by regression analysis. Findings argue that adaptive reuse can have an overall impact on the long-term sustainable development of the surrounding area, in terms of improving the quality of life for the local society, empowering the cultural dimension, as well as making it a popular tourist destination. The literature appears to be lacking in a point of reference for the users’ evaluation of the final decision following the completion of an adaptive reuse. Filling this gap, this study suggests that a decision assessment criterion in post-occupancy evaluations should be considered, along with an alternative. New evidence should enable competent bodies take steps towards creating cultural hotspots using adaptive reuse. At a broad level, study results could also be useful to key players pursuing a sustainable response to city challenges.

Revitalization of the Waterfront Park Based on Industrial Heritage Using Post-Occupancy Evaluation-A Case Study of Shanghai (China).

With the rapid development of urban construction, the waterfront industrial heritage park has played an active role in shaping the city’s image, regional economic development and environmental improvement, and the continuation of the city’s waterfront history. The waterfront park based on industrial heritage using post-occupancy evaluation will help improve the sustainable management, maintenance, and design level of the project in the future. However, there is insufficient research on the waterfront industrial heritage park using post-occupancy evaluation. This paper takes Shanghai Houtan Park and Xuhui Binjiang Park, the representative industrial heritage parks in China, as the research objects. Through field investigation and nearly 200 questionnaires and interviews regarding user behavior, the importance of design elements (place characteristics, natural environmental characteristics, usability characteristics, and administrative characteristics) and the correlation of satisfaction help us to understand the use of the two parks and analyze and organize the survey data, carrying out the analysis of the questionnaire results using frequency analysis, IPA analysis, t-test, variance analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The research results include: (1) Both parks are mainly used by people in their twenties and forties, and the trail received the highest utilization rate as the main facility, while the visitor center in charge of guiding functions had the lowest utilization rate. (2) While Houtan Park received high satisfaction with natural environmental characteristics, it was found that Xu Hui Binjiang Park had relatively high satisfaction with the place and usability characteristics. (3) The natural environmental characteristics of Houtan Park have a positive impact on overall satisfaction and return visit satisfaction. Site characteristics and utilization characteristics of Xuhui Binjiang Industrial Park have a positive impact on overall satisfaction, while usability characteristics have a positive impact on return visit satisfaction. Finally, according to the questions and suggestions raised by users, an optimization strategy is proposed for the renewal of the park, and it is hoped that it can provide suggestions for the reconstruction and design of similar Chinese waterfront industrial heritage parks.

Enhanced Indoor Environmental Quality and the Link to Individual Productivity and Organisational Performance: A Scoping Review

This paper provides a scoping literature review of research methods that seek to measure individual productivity and organisational performance in office buildings containing enhanced green building features and initiatives that focus on Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ). The paper follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) framework and includes thirty-nine academic papers for the period 2000 to 2020. Different research instruments are discussed, including post-occupancy evaluations (POE), longitudinal surveys, and interviews. Furthermore, a narrative focuses on specific measures, including location, amenities, comfort, engagement, individual productivity, and organisational performance. This provides insight into common research approaches and highlights where lesser used research approaches could be applied in the field of green building features and initiatives (GBFIs), including the assessment of individual productivity and organisational performance. Key findings highlight that individual productivity was measured via self-assessment in previous research. At the same time, there has been no research that has successfully measured organisational performance within the context of GBFIs. Gaps have been identified in the literature concerning the relationship between knowledge-based building occupants and measuring/monetising the implementation of GBFIs. Implications of this research indicate that there are common approaches that highlight both strengths and, more importantly, weaknesses concerning linking GBFIs to individual productivity and organisational performance. Addressing weaknesses that predominantly encompass measuring organisational performance creates the opportunity for future research in this field.

Scientometric analysis of post-occupancy evaluation research: Development, frontiers and main themes

Post-occupancy evaluation (POE), a comprehensive evaluating approach for building operational performance, has attracted considerable research attention worldwide. This research is the first inclusive scientometric review of POE research, aiming to systematically analyse and visualise the existing POE literature. Through four steps of data collection, 1,351 POE articles over past two decades from Web of Science have been gathered and analysed by using CiteSpace. This research retrospectively traces the development of POE research from 2002 to 2021 The review identifies that the main focuses of POE research have dynamically formed with the interdisciplinary characteristic. By generating scientific knowledge maps of the co-occurrence, emergence and clusters of keywords, it intuitively shows that some particular keywords, such as ‘performance’, ‘thermal comfort’ and ‘IEQ’, are much more obvious than others; a series of hotspots have emerged in different times; and three main themes are outlined and critical reviewed based on scientometric findings, i.e., energy consumption monitoring of building operations, indoor environmental quality and the evaluation of occupants’ perceptions. This research has implications for policy makers, developers and researchers in the building sector by providing them with a detailed account of status quo and the trend of POE.

Postoccupancy evaluation of staff, visitors, and three species of animals in a zoo setting.

Postoccupancy evaluation (POE) was used to assess newly constructed zoo exhibits from the perspective of three user groups: zoo staff, zoo visitors, and the animals. Staff represents a generally understudied user group in zoo-based POEs. We asked staff to rate the animals' space, the visitors' space, and the staff's space at previous and new exhibits. We also compared zoo visitors' ratings of the animals' behavior and environments, overall exhibit impressions, and the time visitors spent viewing previous and new exhibits. Lastly, we compared activity and space use of a Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), two red pandas (Ailurus fulgens), and one rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) in their previous and new exhibits. Staff rated animal, visitor, and staff areas higher at the new exhibits compared to the previous exhibits. Visitors also rated several factors higher and spent more time at the new exhibits. The most naturalistic exhibit received the most favorable ratings in all categories and animal activity increased visitor stay time. We found that red pandas were less active in their new exhibit, and the Komodo dragon and rhino showed no difference in activity. The red pandas and the Komodo dragon used more available space in their new exhibits; however, we recommend using Electivity index to examine resource preferences for these species, whose enclosure use has been less studied than large mammals. We emphasize the importance of including staff in zoo-based POE, make other recommendations for future POE studies, and discuss various factors that could have influenced our results.

Indoor Environmental Quality Assessment and Occupant Satisfaction: A Post-Occupancy Evaluation of a UAE University Office Building

As occupants spend almost 90% of their day indoors, especially in the workplaces, Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) plays a primary role in health and wellbeing, productivity, and building energy consumption. Adopting the IEQ and Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE), data has been gathered from nine multilevel open offices within a university building located in Al Ain, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for three winter months. Physical parameters were monitored using data loggers to record the main IEQ factors. In parallel, POE questionnaires have been distributed to obtain occupants’ satisfaction with the IEQ and health-related symptoms experienced in the workspaces. The IEQ and POE data have shown slightly above or below the recommended ranges with the occupants similarly and slightly dissatisfied with the building. The thermal comfort revealed concerns with 99% of temperatures below international standards where 55% of the survey respondents reported “too cold”. The IAQ measurements showed 45% and 30% of the respondents reporting “stuffy air” and “headache” which indicated symptoms that could be tracked to other parameters or a combination of several, and the findings have been discussed in detail in this paper. This research contributed to identifying correlations between measured data and occupant satisfaction and identifying common IEQ defects and their sources to better communicate with facility managers and architects.

Cultural Perception Performance Assessment of Adaptively Reused Heritage Buildings: Kilis Eski Hamam Case Study

Adaptive reuse of the built heritage can often result in damage to heritage values both during the adaptation and reuse processes -in many cases it can bear on building performance and user satisfaction. Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) is a well-known method of assessing building performance, and previous studies demonstrated the practicality of employing POE in reused heritage building assessment. Yet, POE’s contribution to heritage conservation has not been comprehensively explored. This paper presents the findings of an indicative POE of a hammam building adapted into a restaurant as a case study. The case study building was evaluated through a series of walk-throughs, photographs, documentation, and a user survey. The POE has pointed to damage and authenticity loss in the building by reuse based on established conservation principles concerning intangible heritage values and cultural perception, resulting in a series of recommendations to prevent future deterioration and improve the performance of the building. A key observation is that data from the user survey do not coincide with the findings based on internationally acknowledged principles of conservation practice, which indicates that heritage awareness still has not been gained by the wider society. Hence, this study concludes that more research is required to examine the use of POEs in addressing heritage conservation issues and suggests a greater understanding of the role of POE surveys for a more valuable insight into user feedback. It also provides designers and decision-makers with matters to be taken in account regarding the preservation of authenticity when executing an adaptive reuse project for a heritage building.

The Healthcare Workspace: Understanding the Role of Decentralized Nursing Stations, Corridors, and Huddle Spaces as Locations for Teamwork in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

The goal of this research was to understand the use of decentralized nursing stations (DNS), corridors, and huddle stations as places for teamwork and multidisciplinary care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This article shares outcomes from a pre- and post-occupancy evaluation that assessed a NICU moving from an open-bay model to a new single-family room (SFR) unit comprised of six, 12-bed neighborhoods. This interdisciplinary research team draws upon the practical expertise of a NICU Patient Care Manager and researchers in Design and Communication to illuminate the research process, results, and lessons learned. A multi-methodological design, approved by the institutional review board, was employed that utilized an electronically distributed pre- and post-move survey of staff and observational counts of face-to-face interactions. Survey results indicate NICU staff have statistically significant higher perceptions of job satisfaction, stress and well-being, and design satisfaction among a variety of professionals after moving to a SFR, decentralized unit design. Consistent with the literature, staff did not have significantly higher perceptions of the decentralized NICU relative to teamwork. Observations revealed frequency of conversations primarily at DNS followed by corridors and huddle stations. When examining the multidisciplinary makeup, outcomes were reversed with huddle spaces holding the largest percentage of conversations. On average, there were 2.72 individuals involved in these interactions, with the corridor seeing the largest average of group sizes. The outcomes of this study demonstrate that neutral spaces such as corridors and centralized huddle stations should be considered as locations for strategic collaboration and multidisciplinary care.

Research on a Commercial Building Space Traffic Flow Design Based on Post-Occupancy Evaluation

The aim of traffic flow design in commercial building space planning is to create a comfortable, easily accessible, and identifiable spatial structure in a complex and changeable business environment. However, modern commercial building spaces often appear to be inconsistent with the usage requirements after they are put into use. To understand the real experience evaluation of users, this study selects the commercial project “Guangzhou Nanpu Times Commercial Building Space” as its subject. Based on post-occupancy evaluation (POE), this study uses the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to construct an evaluation index system of commercial building space traffic flow. The weights and satisfaction scores of the indexes are calculated through expert interviews and questionnaires to analyze the evaluation and reasons for the commercial building space traffic flow design after using the facilities. We thereby obtain the design points of commercial building space traffic flow to provide a scientific, reasonable, and practical basis for the subsequent design of the same type of traffic flow to drive the prosperity and development of commerce.

Lack of adaptability in Brazilian social housing: impacts on residents

Brazilian social housing is used to address the country’s housing deficit through government programs with the massive production of standardised affordable housing. This non-systemic approach is shown to neglect residents’ changing needs over time and results in inflexible housing in relation to environmental, constructive, and social issues. The use of inappropriate spatial patterns fails to account for residents’ current socioeconomic and spatial realities. Quantitative/qualitative methods involving residents (<em>n</em> = 162) and two case studies are used to assess resilience in social housing. The costs and implications arising from a lack of housing adaptability are identified. An ‘impact assessment’ tool is employed to document the shocks and tensions experienced by residents along with the negative effects on the house and its occupants. These impacts increase the vulnerability of families and hinder their adaptive capacity. The identification of major impacts and residents’ perceptions can be used to establish priorities for action. <em><strong>Policy relevance</strong></em> Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) processes provide a more systemic approach to identifying and resolving the problems of creating housing fit for purpose. An impact evaluation tool was developed to help with a positive transformation. This indicates how architects, urban planners, and communities can act to mitigate and solve the problems experienced by users of social housing. The use of systemic POE in social housing can inform policies and planning practices that address the needs of residents. It is also intended to provide design information to agents involved in the production of social housing in Brazil, notably designers and users, in order to foster effective strategies to promote more resilient housing, especially in scenarios of intervention and renovations during use. These tools and processes contribute to fulfilling Habitat III’s New Urban Agenda and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 1, 10, and 11).

Trained and untrained children explore school spaces in Albania: assessment and participation in children’s well-being

ABSTRACT This study focuses on evaluating school spaces with children’s participation, aiming to learn its impact on children’s well-being and their involvement in school design. The study uses data from a visual and a post-occupancy evaluation (POE) questionnaire, conducted with randomly selected (N = 92) untrained children (age 10–14) and another group (N = 25) trained earlier in several participatory workshops. The first questionnaire asks both groups to evaluate international examples of innovative school buildings. The second is a POE of the involved children’s school building. The primary objective is to examine the evaluation of both groups and their preferences about school spaces. The questionnaires showed that children focus on specific school spaces, whereas visuals encourage them to think holistically. Girls and younger children from both groups are more expressive, meanwhile all trained children exhibit positive social interaction. When evaluating their school, trained children’s fairness is significantly higher than the untrained group. Insights collected help drive change in school management and design. The study suggests using both a visual questionnaire and POE with trained and untrained children as complementary tools to provide a comprehensive and reliable method to collect information about school design. Systematic involvement of children positively affects their well-being.

THE POST-OCCUPANCY DILEMMA IN GREEN-RATED BUILDINGS: A PERFORMANCE GAP ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT The traditional construction industry has a significant and far-reaching impact on the environment, economy, and society. Green-certified buildings, with LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method), DGNB (Deutsches Gütesiegel Nachhaltiges Bauen), or other certifications during the design stage, have great potential for increasing the effective use of resources and energy, reducing pollution, etc., and so their number has increased greatly in recent years. The post-occupancy evaluation (POE) of green buildings involves assessing whether they meet expected performance during the in-use phase and comprises four steps: (i) carrying out the research purpose/goal; (ii) determining the research objectives; (iii) conducting data collection, analysis, and visualization; and (iv) obtaining the results and drawing conclusions. However, there is a lack of reviews of POE research and analysis of reasons for actual performance gaps. In response and through a comprehensive literature review/analysis, this article summarizes the actual performance gaps of various greencertified projects, analyzes the reasons for failures, and proposes potential solutions. It is found that 74%, 12%, and 14% of the projects perform better, similar, and worse, respectively, than their non-green counterparts. Future POE green building projects can be optimized from the perspective of the building, user, and POE system. To optimize green building actual performance, it is important to ensure the sufficient education of installation and maintenance personnel and occupants’ green behavior, while interior design and decoration, the impact of user demographics, and POE performance indicators are key factors to be considered in green building design strategies and lifecycle evaluation systems.

Using post-occupancy evaluation as a methodological approach to assess residential hostels in CFTI

PurposeEnvironmental behavior research has shown that environmental characteristics may have a big impact on people's behavior. This paper is part of a doctoral dissertation on evaluating the building performance of residential hostels in Centrally Funded Technical Institutes (CFTI) in India, an appropriate methodology was developed using the relevant attributes of environmental behavioral research to conduct post-occupancy evaluation (POE) for a pilot survey that identified unique ground conditions. The approach aids in comprehending the state of residential surroundings from the perspective of students, and the conclusion will allow the ongoing research to inquire about and suggest parameters for a student-friendly and inclusive residential hostel design in India, through its primary user, the students. The study aims to employs POE as a significant research method.Design/methodology/approachThe methodological approach includes literature review (building performance evaluation/EBS); ground scenario in India; ground investigations outcome of ground scenario and investigations to frame further research processes; and discussions and conclusions.FindingsDevelopment of a methodology for studying residential environments in the CFTI in identifying variables in the Indian context and developing requisite tools for POE. The methodology also aids in communication between stakeholders and creates mechanisms for quality monitoring, providing knowledge when buildings fail to meet design intent and providing data and knowledge for future designs and key decisions. It will assist in the development of design and planning guidelines with respect to residential hostels in the Indian scenario.Research limitations/implicationsResearch work is carried out only in CFTI in India where Architecture is one of the branches.Practical implicationsDevelopment of a methodology for studying residential environments in the CFTI in identifying variables in the Indian context and developing requisite tools for POE. The methodology also aids in communication between stakeholders and creates mechanisms for quality monitoring, providing knowledge when buildings fail to meet design intent and providing data and knowledge for future designs and key decisions. It will assist in the development of design and planning guidelines with respect to residential hostels in the Indian scenario.Social implicationsThis study identifies the specific difficulties and determined the research direction in this situation. It emphasized the need of paying attention to students' perceptions and contentment in residential hostels as a neglected component of Indian residential hostels that needs to be addressed. It aided in the creation of a bespoke research technique. The evaluation process of the main users of residential hostels on campuses is largely impacted by their cultural background and level of environmental awareness of their built environment. The survey also revealed the level of environmental awareness among hostel students in particular and Indian society in general. Finally, this study underlines the importance of rethinking the design and development of residential environments on campuses, particularly from the perspective of student welcoming.Originality/valueThe paper is a part of ongoing research in VNIT, Nagpur, India.

Bibliometric Analysis of Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE): Current Status, Development, and Future Research Directions

The application of post-occupancy evaluation (POE) has increased recently, owing to the methodology's ability to improve building performance. However, the procedures employed vary depending on the building's suitability and category. Therefore, this study aims to provide a comprehensive survey to explore the state-of-the-art POE research. Bibliometric analysis was used to retrieve 381 POE publications from the Scopus database between 1979 and 2020. VOSviewer software was applied for the visualization and scientific mapping of literature. The study helps researchers understand by offering comprehensive data about the most literate nation contributions, publications' significant sources, and devoted authors to POE publications. The findings revealed that the United States, the United Kingdom, and China had rendered the three most literature contributions; Building Research and Information were the top publication's significant source titles, and Hassanain, M.A. is incredibly devoted to POE publication. Research hotspots in the POE focus on building performance, architectural design, and sustainable development. The primary themes in POE concentrate on comfort, sustainability, performance, design and criteria. Future research should emphasize that POE is used on heritage buildings to ensure that these buildings perform well for sustainability. It will significantly value the people involved in the design, construction and also conservation practice.

A three-stage decision-making process for cost-effective passive solutions in office buildings in the hot summer and cold winter zone in China

China, with the largest energy consumption system in the world, faces numerous challenges in achieving the government’s commitment to reach a carbon-peak and carbon–neutral target. As the most common public building type in terms of floor area, office buildings have great potential for energy saving and emissions reduction. To meet this target, building designers target passive solutions that can meet the thermal comfort needs of occupants and also reduce energy consumption. This study aims to develop a decision-making method to select optimal solutions from among tens of thousands of design options considering the factors of energy consumption, comfort, and cost. We developed a novel optimization decision approach with the above-mentioned three objectives. The model consists of three stages: 1) the establishment of the reference building model, 2) sensitivity analysis to identify the main influencing variables and 3) the establishment of the optimization and decision-making model by applying NSGA-II and TOPSIS methods. By applying this three-stage decision-making model, this paper first proposes cost-effective passive design solutions for office buildings throughout the Hot Summer and Cold Winter climate zone. Finally, an office building in Shanghai was chosen as a case study to demonstrate the practical implementation of the proposed solutions through a post-occupancy evaluation with a two-year energy auditing and thermal comfort survey. It is evident that the proposed solutions provide support for the new low energy building design guide for office buildings along with necessary revisions to the existing standards for the Hot Summer and Cold Winter climate zone in China.

Ten years on: a post-occupancy evaluation of classrooms for pupils with severe autism

PurposeThere is currently a lack of research describing the best way to design learning environments for increasing numbers of children with autism. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of classroom design on the learning and behaviour of pupils with severe autism. The research variables of interest were classroom layout; furniture, fittings and equipment (FFE); materials; colour scheme; wayfinding; lighting; acoustics; and security.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted a post-occupancy evaluation of classrooms for pupils with severe autism aged 3–19 in a school ten years after its completion. Data collection included a visual assessment of the building and an online survey to educators and administrators asking how satisfied they were that the research variables benefited pupils with severe autism.FindingsKey findings were that zoned areas for different activities met students’ needs. Withdrawal rooms off the classroom, access to shared hygiene facilities and a secure outdoor area received high ratings. The main criticisms were the lack of robustness of FFE and the inability to control temperature. Results were collated into a table of recommendations for classroom design for severely autistic pupils.Originality/valueThe findings demonstrate classroom features that support the needs of pupils with severe autism, an area with limited prior research. Some findings support previous research and some adds new knowledge to our understanding of design for this population. The results provide empirical evidence for professionals involved in designing classrooms for pupils with severe autism.

Impact of lifestyle changes on home energy consumption during pandemic COVID-19 in Indonesia.

This study aims to grasp the lifestyle changes in residential buildings related to energy consumption since the emergence of Covid-19 in Indonesia. Data collection through online questionnaires was conducted from more than 1,000 households domiciled in the five largest islands of Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua). Firstly, this article summarizes the results of questionnaire, including the household's basic information and the lifestyle changes. It is found that more than 89% of families have implemented Work from Home (WFH) affecting other lifestyle changes during the pandemic. Secondly, the Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) was conducted to find influential factors on electricity use in residential housing. It was found that the number of family members, the use of air conditioning, and the use of kitchen appliances significantly contributed to the increase in electricity during stay homes period. Thirdly, the characteristics and lifestyle attributes are classified, the largest increase occurred in household groups with middle to upper average electricity consumption before the pandemic. Finally, the discussion results are expected to encourage industry and policymakers to implement energy monitors, especially regarding electricity use in residential homes. In addition, periodic surveys of post-occupancy evaluations (POE) in households need to be implemented to obtain detailed data in monitoring people's lifestyle and energy use behavior. This study can also be used as a report on energy performance in the residential sector to increase awareness of energy savings and encourage the government to develop renewable energy distribution. Especially to avoid an energy crisis due to disasters that force residents to stay at home during a pandemic.

Post-occupancy evaluation of the built environment of college campuses based on students' daily behavior -----Evidence from Zijing Road of UJN

The research on the Post-occupancy evaluation of the built environment of college campuses based on students' daily behavior is a preliminary study on the renewal of the built environment of super-large educational institutions in the context of China's large building stock era[1].According to the user's behavior on the road section and the evaluation of the space use effect, summarize the relevant problems and put forward targeted improvement suggestions based on the safety, privacy, comfort and other needs of college students' life and learning in the new era, so as to promote the sustainable development of college campuses and the quality of daily life of students.