Postmodern Society Research Articles

СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО СОВРЕМЕННОГО ОБЩЕСТВА: МОДЕРН И ПОСТМОДЕРН

The purpose of the study is the determination of the main parameters of the socio-cultural space of present-day society, identification of structural elements in it and analysis of its interaction nature. Methodological basis of the research. A sociocultural approach is used, according to which society must be considered as a unity of cultural and social, we also used the methodology of M. Weber’s ideal types, which allows us to explore society at the level of actors. Research results.  The main characteristics of the socio-cultural space of present-day society, or modern society, its genesis and current state, as well as the reasons for its transition to postmodern are determined. Their main value systems, tendencies of their change are singled out. Prospects for the study. The study of the socio-cultural space of modern and postmodern societies makes it possible to conduct a meaningful analysis of the reasons for the transformation into postmodern and to identify directions for its further development.

Postdramatik Bir Okuma: Simon Stephens’ın Üç Krallık Oyununda Mizojini

In Poetics, Aristotle explains the first known framework of dramatic theatre in history, basing it on certain principles. The restrictive structure of these principles makes playwrights apply an understanding that prioritizes performance, and seek a theatrical aesthetic shaped according to the mentality of the present. In this sense, Postdramatic Theater (2006), which Lehmann puts forward, shows the realities of postmodern society and highlights the performance text created with active participation of audience and reader. Contemporary British playwright Simon Stephens, who presents the lives of postmodern individuals in his plays, draws attention as a leading playwright of the Postdramatic theatre. Stephens’s play Three Kingdoms, which was staged in three different countries and in three different languages, stands out as it contains the postdramatic elements put forth by Lehmann. The aim of this article is to examine the play Three Kingdoms by Simon Stephens, focusing on Postdramatic theater principles determined by Lehmann.

Specific Features of Investment in Human Capital in the Postmodern Society

The article deals with theoretical aspects of human capital, features of human capital, problems and prospects of human capital in modern conditions. Problems and challenges of ontology and functioning of human capital in postmodern society are outlined. The current state of investment in the reproduction of human capital and its development was assessed. One of the ways to increase human capital is to invest in people, their health and education. The article substantiates the role and importance of investments in human capital at the family level. The sharp increase in interest in the creative abilities of a person and in the ways of their formation and development confirm the obtained results. The international significance of the article lies in the objectification of the problems of human capital in developing countries (using the example of Ukraine), taking into account the global industrial, cultural and social context. In order to optimize human capital management on the verge of the postmodern and post-post era, these research results can help in the development of scientific, public and government programs and activities.

The Organization of a Foreign Language Distance Learning in Quarantine During the Postmodern Era

The article addresses organization of distance learning of foreign languages in quarantine during the postmodern era. It is noted that organization of distance learning in the educational process is very important. It was clarified that distance learning is based on synchronous and asynchronous modes. The essence of the concepts of “distance learning”, “asynchronous learning”, “synchronous learning”, “quarantine” is explained. Articles of domestic and foreign teachers and scientists analysing the broached subject were reviewed. The article highlights advantages and disadvantages of distance learning. It has been studied that for students studiing foreign languages remotely, an interesting form of learning is watching TV shows and movies. The digital programs and the essence of their advantages are also given. The researchers’ view on the effectiveness of multimedia presentations, trainings, games is given. It is also found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is hard for parents to work on the platforms unlike children. The platforms for synchronous and asynchronous learning are separated. It is noted that teachers with primary school students use visual forms of learning to interest children and to present new material in a clear and accessible way. During the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual communication is found prevaling in postmodern society. It is noted that a foreign language can be learned through a Facebook group. It is investigated that learning foreign languages requires special attention to development of communication skills. The problems that arose in teachers during the organization of distance learning during the coronavirus pandemic are studied.

European Experience of Decentralization in a Civil Society in the Postmodern Era

In the postmodern era, European political philosophy has introduced several concepts. These concepts have ideologically prepared Western countries for decentralization reform. Being still “in process”, reflection on the proper structure of postmodern society is marked by ambiguous and often contradictory ideas. The very view on the state as a de-hierarchical, rhizomorphic and horizontal phenomenon presupposes numerous ways of reforming it. Throughout their histories, European countries have shifted from confrontations, hostilities and rivalries towards new mechanisms of fruitful relationships between civil society and state institutions. Nowadays, many aspects are influencing the elaboration and implementation of strategies on civil society development in different countries. These aspects include the following: different starting conditions; the presence or absence of basic principles of public space development; the possibility of fulfilling civic practices’ potential; the level of political participation. West European countries have managed to create a viable structure to support the development of civil society, as well as maintain a stable dialogue between it and the state. However, the process is still on: effective practices of interaction between them are being developed; conditions for more effective cooperation are being improved; new financial instruments are being created and implemented. All Central and East European countries have a common understanding of civil society as one of the most important actors in developing cooperation with the government. At the same time, they should be able to solve existing essential problems, such as low awareness about global development problems and the population’s unreadiness to meet the immediate objectives of civil society development.

Digital society and society 5.0: Urgent issues for digital social transformation in Vietnam

Society has been undergoing a complex transformation from a traditional society to a modern, post-modern society with a new state of social history - “digital society”, “society 5.0” based on the development of digital technology to help connect things and unprecedentedly change our life. This article uses a qualitative method by collecting, reviewing many Vietnamese and international scientific documents to focus on analyzing three contents: (1) history, concept, and nature of “digital society”, “society 5.0”, (2) proposing an overall model of a digital society suitable to the reality of Vietnam from the overall “digital society” model of some countries in the Asia-Pacific region and “society 5.0”, (3) urgent issues in the process of implementing the goal of building a “digital society” in Vietnam by 2030. These issues discussed are also valuable for reference for countries whose context, culture, and development level are similar to Vietnam’s to adapt to digital social transformation. The important result of the study is the proposal of the overall model to build the digital society with four specific criteria: digital economy, digital government, digital culture, and digital society for Vietnamese practice and implications for countries at the same level of development.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В ПРАВЕ В УСЛОВИЯХ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЙ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ: ИСТОРИЯ И СОВРЕМЕННОСТЬ

The article is devoted to changes in law in the process of social modernization. The historical analysis of changes in legal procedures in the process of historical formation of modern society is carried out. The factors of changes in modern legal systems and in the legal systems of the past are revealed. The article uses the methods necessary for the doctrinal analysis of changes in law, namely: formal-legal, as well as comparative-legal and concrete historical. The result of the study was the analysis and author’s conclusions about legal regulation and legal policy in a postmodern society.

The Changing Pattern of Intimate Relationship and the Influence of Technology on Youth in Socio-Cultural Attachment of Bangladesh

Intimacy or intimate relationship means the experience of a strong feeling of closeness, the emotional bonding between males and females. An intimate relationship has a sexual desire which is biologically driven. In the present era, the intimate relationship of young people has transformed due to the influence of technology in Bangladesh. Technological evaluation and social media are bringing one of the most important revolutions in the history of mankind. But the excessive use of technology may create a haphazard situation with young people despite having some positive aspects. The present study aims to explore the influence of technology on youth with the gradual transformation of intimate relationships from pre-modern to post-modern societies. The study was qualitative in nature in which multiple case studies were employed. The study found that the influence of technology is gradually being increased in the pattern of intimate relationships among the youths. Technology has a great influence on the system of intimate relationships such as marriage, divorce, premarital and extramarital relationships. The easy access to the internet and the excessive use of social media affects the pattern of intimacy among the youths in the post-modern era. The study also found that young people are now involved in premarital and extramarital relationships by using internet-based technology which is one of the responsible factors for increasing domestic violence and divorce rate.

‘I’m not a horse girl’. social divisions in students’ narratives and the implications for inclusive physical education

ABSTRACT In recent years, the complexity of post-modern societies has gained increasing attention. In terms of education, the attention involves focusing on how students experience inclusion and meaningful learning, regardless of their ethnic and/or socioeconomic background. These matters are particularly relevant in health and physical education (PE), where research has illuminated that some students experience exclusion and/or marginalisation due to these social divisions. Nonetheless, further research is warranted to investigate the complex interplay between family, socioeconomic background and inclusion in the PE context. An intersectional perspective that considers social divisions and narratives of location as proposed by Anthias underpins the study. Two questions are addressed: 1) How are differences in the students’ ethnic, gendered, and social class background relevant to the narratives they bring to PE? and 2) How does the students’ narratives influence their meaning-making of PE? The setting of the study was two multi-ethnic co-ed PE classes at a public school located in Oslo, Norway. Data was generated from semi-structured interviews with 17 of the students. The analysis highlighted important differences concerning the number and types of activities the students were involved in during leisure, including the role sports and physical activity played in their families. Ethnic and cultural background seemed to be the most influential social divisions, however, further analysis revealed how divisions such as class and gender intersected in the students’ narratives. With regard to meaning-making of PE, the students, regardless of background, positioned themselves as potential young bodies at risk, placing PE within pathological health discourses. Moreover, the narratives suggested that a taken for grantedness regarding content and knowledge taught in PE might prevent some students from making meaningful links between PE and their everyday life. In conclusion, this study reflects on the implications of the insights concerning PE practice.

Power in Postmodern Society: Between the Planes of Reality and Communication

The generally accepted statement about the postmodern character of today’s world does not provide a clue to understanding its essence. We just know that from this point of view, it is already modernist. However, the concepts of postmodernism are extremely diverse and depend on the subjectivity of their authors. Basically, a central question arises that remains unanswered: will postmodernism appear after modernism as evolution, or is it a criticism of modernism, rejection, a kind of general disappointment? For some, truly postmodernism is a disappointment of rationality. By contrast, neoconservatives rejoice in postmodernism. Nevertheless, their postmodern world is free from any substance, from any essence. They offer a kind of modernism, without a soul and without a Man, since everything must be “rendered harmless” in advance and, preferably, without excesses. It is a kind of sad utopia. In both cases, there is denial: either open — by the critics of postmodernism; or hidden — by “our own”.

Relationship among Materialism, Attitudes Regarding Money, Peer Influence and Satisfaction with Life in Chilean Adolescents

Materialism has been recognized as an important variable in postmodern societies; however, most of the studies on this concept have focused on the adult population. The aim of the present study is to determine the possible association between materialism and life satisfaction, and the possible mediating role of attitudes towards money and peer influence in this association, in a sample of Chilean adolescents. A sample of 1325 Chilean secondary school students completed a questionnaire measuring materialism, attitudes in regards with money, susceptibility to peer influence, and satisfaction with life. First, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to validate the scalers. Secondly, a theoretical model was tested using Hayes (2013) SPSS macro, PROCESS. The theoretical model included materialism as the predictor variable, satisfaction with life as the predicted variable, and attitudes towards money and susceptibility to peer influence as mediator variables. Results indicate that materialistic attitudes regarding money strengthens a negative relation between materialism and satisfaction with life. This tendency is not observed in susceptibility to peer influence despite being positively associated with materialism and attitudes regarding money. These findings suggest that the variables materialism and attitudes regarding money play a relevant role in the life satisfaction of Chilean adolescents.

The Transformation of the Global Civil Society during the Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected not only health systems worldwide, but also global civil society, it has posed a global threat to humanity with significant implications and indicated weak points of postmodern civil society such as the lack of global solidarity and global cooperation, the lack of global health equity, the increase in poverty, social insecurity and deep inequality, the lack of support for the liberal international order, the lack of coordination mechanism for responding to the pandemic. Three main crises of postmodern society are identified and analysed: relations of cooperation between nations and states, protests in different countries, the inadequacy of scientific and technological achievements of civilization. The analysis of these crises led to the conclusion that, along with the negative impact of the Covid-19 pandemic for humanity, it should be seen as a crucial moment for human civilization that identified gaps and directions for the development of global civil society. The transformation of society today must take place in terms of rethinking the consequences and results of globalization, and taking into account the processes of socio-political and socio-cultural transformation. Today, humanity needs to transform global society by reconsidering the role of WHO as a leading intergovernmental organization in the global health system, strengthening the role of global governance, creating a new paradigm of global health, developing global cooperation, solidarity and coordination towards global health equity.

Gender and Age Specificity of Determination of Value-motivational Attitudes of Volunteer Movement in Postmodern Society

The article is devoted to the analysis of gender and age specifics of determining value-motivational trends of volunteering. The purpose of the research is to reveal the specifics of socio-psychological factors of volunteering, and, above all, the role and place of age and gender of the volunteer. The research was implemented by filling out an individual volunteer questionnaire. The sample of the research consisted of 302 volunteers aged 17 to 80 years from more than 15 cities of Ukraine. In particular, it is shown that depending on what motivational trends dominate in an individual profile of the SVM volunteer, and, therefore, direct his/her individual activity, the resource of readiness that is implemented in rendering aid, is specifically related to them. In addition, it was found that the meaningfulness of activity on giving help can exhaust own high indicators in the relationship to the implementation of various motivational trends. In turn, it is also shown that individual value-motivational trends to be sensitive on age and gender. The identified features of the gender and age of the volunteer are an important component in the system of factors of the socio-psychological conditioning of volunteering activity. This allows it is to link the specifics of their impact with the characteristics of value-motivational trends, the motivational potential of which is realized by volunteers on giving to help.

INFLUENCE OF SUBJECTIVE DETERMINANTS ON PERSONAL FORMATION

The article provides a structural and functional analysis of the social essence of an individual, the patterns of its formation, the problems of relationships between society and the individual, reveals the features of its development. Social and negative aspects of modern social development, the development of science and technology, the growth of a person’s intellectual potential increase attention to the problem of personality. Complex developments, dramatic changes in the relationship between man, society, and nature, in turn, indicate the need for social research in this regard. It is necessary to study the dialectical relations between postmodern society and the individual, changes in the human personality in Uzbekistan in the context of modern social trends. Today’s postmodern period is a product of human creativity. It determines the socioeconomic, spiritual, and cultural criteria of society. In this regard, the identification and study of specific aspects of objective and subjective determinants that affect the formation of personality become an urgent socio-philosophical problem. We point out two main determinants of personality formation: a) objective conditions (social environment); b) subjective factors (education, national idea, self-education). There are many opinions, assumptions, hypotheses, facts, and arguments that reveal the social and philosophical essence of the formation of an individual. However, not all of them are formed on a scientific platform. We investigated the problem from a scientific and the correct theoretical and methodological point of view. The article examines the formation of an individual’s personality based on the doctrine of the interconnectedness and interdependence of events. The solution to the problem is analyzed by identifying and analyzing the determinants that affect human personality development. In this article, we analyze crucial determinants of subjective factors influencing the formation of personality: education, upbringing, promotion of national ideology, selfeducation, literature, and art.

The Natural Human Rights within the Postmodern Society: a Philosophical Socio-Cultural Analysis

This article aims to define natural human rights in the context of forming postmodern views on an individual today. Natural rights exist, regardless of whether they are enshrined somewhere or not: they are clear from the natural context and essence of human activity. The postmodern world is experiencing a crisis of fatigue from life, fatigue of culture, which for the global world has become a political and economic crisis of ineffectiveness of the policy of multi-culturalism and poly-culturalism and the growing dangers and threats associated with it. Therefore, it is crucial to find out how natural human rights are realized in postmodern society. Importantly, the article analyzes the basic theoretical and methodical principles of creating the postmodern environment and its impact on people. It also defines the main concepts and categories of human rights in the context of evolution of postmodern society. To study the socio-cultural impact on personality development in the postmodern era, the article explores how legal culture is formed in the course of civilizational-evolutionary development of society. Research methods are as follows: analytical methods (to determine the key principles of postmodern views on the legal perception of personality development), descriptive and explanatory methods (to define the basic research concepts), synthesis and analysis (to consider natural human rights in the course of development of postmodern society). The obtained results prove that natural human rights manifest the evolution of cultural progress and prospects for further analysis of their socio-cultural effects on the development of postmodern society.

Personal Responsibility as a Problem of Development of Postmodern Society

Considering entrepreneurial activity from the psychological perspective, primarily it is worth to give an answer to the question of what fundamental, ultimate purpose of entrepreneurship is. In the conceptual and theoretical aspect, two opposite points of view are distinguished: the first recognizes focusing of the entrepreneurship mainly on profit subject to obeying existing laws, the second considers business entities as members of society, who bear personal responsibility to society for their behaviour. However, since laws cannot cover all life events, entrepreneurs are obliged to comply with the requirements of the rules of socially responsible behaviour in order to maintain a society based on order and legality. Scientists identify a number of stages that the company goes through before realizing: corporate social responsibility is a tool for creating new value. The first step to the introduction of strategic innovations in companies is to harmonize compliance with the law. Actually, a social company should do this by definition. The second step is when companies begin to realize the need to engage in strategic philanthropy. Thus, corporate funds are established. The third stage is to create mechanisms of self-regulation based on values. The next stage is the direct material benefits from strategic innovations. This is most often the result of increased efficiency. At the last stage, conceptually new products are created, new markets are opened. It is important that strategic innovations through social responsibility are mostly aimed at creating new products and services and are a source of income.

Changing the Paradigm of Education in Postmodern Times

Education as a respectable social institution reflects the processes of changing the classical scientific paradigm in the modern world and forms a new, postmodern educational space, which leads to the construction of a postmodern paradigm of a decentralized pedagogical process, which provides for the coexistence of various autonomous "centers", paradigms, methods, approaches, etc. , competing, complement each other and among which there are no dominant ones. Under these conditions, the pedagogical process acts as an open, temporal, indeterministic, pluralistic, emergent entity, forms an "environment of a free position" in which something constantly disappears and then appears, and is sensitive to minor influences. The philosophical analysis of education should be consistent with postmodern socio-cultural processes of a public, state and global nature and their reflection in the sphere of postmodern society. At the present stage of education, new philosophical and ideological prerequisites are needed. The purpose of our article is a philosophical analysis of the concepts of education in the postmodern era and the importance of education on the transformation of the worldview.

Publicness beyond the public sphere

This paper contends the public sphere is a restrictive approach to public action. Despite the dysphoric development of the public sphere in post-modern societies, public action and communicative activity can easily be discerned if one recognizes that rational-critical deliberation is not the exclusive means to exercise it.I propose to separate what is an historical and idealized construct – the public sphere – from the socio-anthropological principle – publicness. The former consubstantiates a specific normative principle of legitimate political decision-making, as well as a peculiar space of communication and an ensemble of specific publics. The latter cannot be reduced to the strict formulation of the public sphere. Publicness is, first of all, a matter of cohesion and consensus on values in a society, reached through a communicative process that occurs in almost every social interaction. It does not absolutely depend on a capital Public or on a public sphere model to emerge and be felt by all members of a society.By tracing a brief panorama in the three main models of the public sphere (Habermas, Arendt, Negt & Kluge’s models), the paper suggests going beyond the public sphere by envisioning publicness as a socio-anthropological principle characterized as being an empirical reality, as being pre-political and pre-institutional, as well as a process linked to social imaginaries.

Law of Digital Society: Actual Problems and the Way of Development (the Ending)

The author believes that attempts to oppose the postmodern society to digital society are scientifically inappropriate for several reasons. First, according to the consensus adopted in the relevant literature, post-industrial society is a stage of sociocultural evolution, at a point when sophisticated technologies, including information technologies, begin to play a leading cultural role, determining the direction of the development of human civilization. Secondly, the cultural, social, political, and legal uncertainties of the Postmodern Era are not encouraged and are rather exacerbated during the digitalization of society and law enforcement. In his conclusion, the author discusses the digitalization of law enforcement as the most important trend of the development of the post-Russian society. Thus, according to the author, the right of digital society develops tendencies, which, in general, are inherent in postmodern civilization and act as a natural manifestation.
 As demonstrated in the article, the current stage of digital society is the development of legal communication, as characterized by a greater focus, compared with the preceding stages, on the general accuracy of the means of communicating the law, including digital media, as well as their further extraction from objects acting as referred signs. Consequently, digital design of law enforcement generates several problems that have not received an adequate solution.
 The most important problems of this kind include anonymization of the subjects of legal interactions first, states and legal entities and, in part, individuals also as well as divorcing objects on which these relationships are being addressed. These trends generate a crisis of confidence among communication participants, which is a key problem of post-industrial law enforcement. To overcome such a crisis, the author offers the reconstruction of the rule of law based on human rights and freedoms, which means ensuring the stability and coherence of legal reality.

Reinstating Traditional Horsemanship of Ethnic Minorities in Southern China by Excavation, Sorting, and Comparative Research

In August 1991, the book Chinese Nation’s Traditional Sports History was published, and it was hailed as the “masterpiece of Chinese folk sports” by academic circles. In this masterpiece, the traditional horsemanship of 23 ethnic minorities and that of 10 southern ethnic minorities represented by the Miao, Yi, Bai, Shui, Hani, Naxi, and other ethnic groups has been included. For the first time, this masterpiece integrates the traditional horsemanship of the ethnic minorities in Southern China in one volume. The disadvantage is that most of the included traditional horsemanship of ethnic minorities only made a brief introduction to the time, place, and form of its development. However, under the global trend of the transition from traditional society to modern society and post-modern society, the traditional horsemanship of ethnic minorities in Southern China is facing an increasingly serious crisis of inheritance and disconnection, resulting in a gradual extinction of related traditional cultural heritage. The characteristics are gradually lost because of it. Therefore, it is essential to return to the historical and cultural field of traditional horsemanship, conduct rescue excavation, sort out the traditional horsemanship of ethnic minorities in Southern China, rescue the records of traditional horsemanship that is disappearing or undergoing drastic changes, as well as carry out comparative studies on this basis. This is not only an important way to inherit the traditional culture of ethnic minorities, but also means to protect the diversity of ethnic cultures and promote the development of exotic villages.