Post-industrial Stage Of Development Research Articles

Особенности налоговой системы Японии как государства, находящегося на постиндустриальной стадии развития

В исследовании была сделана попытка выделить особенности налоговой системы Японии, как государства, находящегося на постиндустриальной стадии развития. В рамках проведенного анализа первоначально обосновывалось отнесение национальной экономики Японии к той или иной стадии экономического развития. Далее изучалась сложившаяся модель налоговой системы. В результате обобщения полученных результатов был сформирован перечень характеристик, присущих налоговой системе Японии, как государства с постиндустриальной экономикой. При исследовании учитывались особенности экономики Японии, определенные ее историческим развитием и региональным положением. The study attempted to highlight the features of the tax system in Japan, as a state at a post-industrial stage of development. In the framework of the analysis, the classification of the Japanese economy to a certain stage of economic development was first substantiated. Next, the prevailing tax system model was studied. As a result of a generalization of the results, a list of characteristics of the tax system of Japan as a state with a post-industrial economy was formed. The study took into account the characteristics of the Japanese economy, determined by its historical development and regional position.

Неформальная занятость населения в социально-философском измерении

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that there is currently no clear socio-philosophical interpretation of informal employment. This is evidenced by the direct analysis of the literature on the stated problems, as well as the low research activity of scientists in various forms of organizing scientific activities (conferences, round tables, symposiums, etc.). at the same time, a lack of understanding of the internal content of this phenomenon can lead to serious socio-economic, political, ethical and other problems in society. The purpose of the study is to identify the essence of informal employment and establish the comparability of the concepts of «work», «employment», «work». Dialectical and formal-logical research methods are used with partial use of the functional analysis method and the system approach method. In the course of the work, the author argues for differences in social phenomena described by such concepts as «employment», «informal employment», «informal and shadow economy», and identifies the reasons for the emergence and functioning of informal labor relations. In order to reveal the content of the «informal employment of the population» construct itself, such elements as an economic entity (organizational unit), a business entity (employed person), and an activity (the process of creating a product or service) are highlighted. Based on the analysis of the essential characteristics of labor, employment and work, the necessity of limiting the concept of informal labor in relation to informal employment is justified. In the process of historical analysis of the employment process focuses on the transition from industrial to post-industrial stage of development of social relations, changing the culture of production and consumption, the destruction of domestic social organizations. Some stereotypes of behavior and thinking of modern informally employed workers are revealed. It is argued that modern socio-economic conditions have formed the prerequisites for the development of informal relations in the field of labor. This makes it necessary to develop a set of measures to prevent significant changes in labor standards; to develop mechanisms for transferring informal employment to employment permitted by law and preventing its transfer to the sphere of criminal activity. As a recommendation indicates the importance of the correct approach to the problems of informal employment, as distorted information would lead to knowingly making incorrect decisions during the implementation of state programs of development of the labour market and employment and other strategic programs of optimization of various spheres of life of the population.

Integration and Innovation Determinants of Modern Mining Higher Education Development

The development prospects of Russian industry are defined as a transition to the post-industrial stage of development. It is characterized, on the one hand, by a high share of deep processing of raw materials, mass production of digital products; on the other hand – by the development of a “knowledge economy” and the emergence of technical universities in the place of flagships for innovative development. At present, the integration trend of industry and higher engineering education is deepening, globalization of national educational complexes is ongoing, and international university cooperation is developing. All this has become a part of the production process and education globalization. The university community cannot stand aloof from the all-pervasive process of globalization of social-and-economic relations, the formation of their planetary model. Universities of leading countries are actively integrating both into international educational and business interactions. The entry of Russian corporations into the world markets means the transfer of global requirements for personnel quality training. Special competencies in the post-industrial economy are becoming the determining factor of competitiveness. This is especially true for mining engineers, whose university training in Russia is also carried out in the context of integration of national higher education system in the global educational market.

THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF FORMATION OF EXPERIENCE ECONOMY IN THE CONTEXT OF GENERAL GROWTH

Topicality. In today's socio-economic development, companies are finding the way to find new ways to increase their competitiveness. Also, in view of the global development trends and the latest documents, the socio-economic elements are becoming more and more relevant, which give a new experience to the person and provide an increase in quality of life parameters. Formation of modern trends and the transition to a new type of management, characterized by the increasing importance for a person to gain a special impression (experience) in the acquisition of a particular product or service, through the use of material or intangible production. Price competition changes weight, because a person is ready to spend big money to gain special experience, incl. from natural diversity. Therefore, the economy of impressions / experience, which is focused on consumer sensations and reflects the latest processes and phenomena of the post-industrial stage of development of society, is becoming increasingly relevant.
 Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to determine the theoretical basis for shaping the situation of the experience economy in light of the world trends and goals of the Millennium Development, defined in international documents.
 Research results. Taking into account the current trends of world development, the experience economy should become a component of inclusive growth on the basis of harmonization of interaction between society and the natural environment, social inclusion. Such guidelines can also be noted as key in the document Basic Principles of State Environmental Policy of Ukraine until 2030. At present, there is a mismatch between state legislative documents and regional development strategies. There is no clear detail of actions at the level of regional development plans. Thus it is necessary to distinguish priority directions of development of the economy of impressions in the structure of development of territories taking into account its functional features (recreational tourism, industrial, agricultural) and introduction of ecosystem approach for all directions of socio-economic development. To this end, it is necessary to highlight the basic principles of the economy of experience, taking into account the basic principles of sustainable development adopted at the UN Conference on Environment and Development.Conclusion. The study identified the origins and prerequisites of forming an impression economy. The author defined the essence of the notion of impression as a component of the impression economy, investigated existing approaches to determining the category of impression economy, analyzed the global trends in the development of the economy in terms of impressions, substantiated the use of natural resources to obtain positive impressions and improve quality of life. According to the authors, modeling the preconditions for the development of the economy of impressions can be understood as ensuring the health and socio-aesthetic development of man, the inclusion of society, the introduction of ecosystem approach that will promote inclusive growth and conservation of its natural resource potential. All kinds of natural resources (mineral, climatic, aquatic, land, forest, recreational, etc.) have a direct influence on forming an impression in the process of consuming the service and in the perception of the quality of life of a person. Therefore, it can be stated that natural resources are an essential component of the impression economy.

Methodological levels of research the post-industrial development of the city

Since the middle of the twentieth century, most countries of the world are in a phase of significant socio-economic transformations. The main vector of these transformations is the transition to the post-industrial stage of development, which was predicted by a number of scientists from many industries at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. There is a logical relationship between the level and stage of development of the country. So the highly developed countries of the world are already in the phase of post-industrial development. For countries with a low level of development and a powerful and complex industrial past, such as the post-Soviet and post-socialist countries of Eastern Europe, the transition to post-industrial development, the so-called post-industrial transformations, is characteristic. A detailed study of these processes makes it possible to predict the possible paths of developed countries and individual territories. The city, as the main agent for transforming the territory, plays a major role in the country's transition to the post-industrial level of development. This article is devoted to the methodological features of studying the features of post-industrial urban development. In contemporary human geography, there is an active discourse on the issue of methodological support for research, which mainly focuses on the feasibility of applying qualitative and quantitative methods and the possibilities of their interdisciplinary application. However, in our opinion, the more complex the object of study, the wider and more directional should be the methodological apparatus of research. In this case, one should take into account the territorial aspect of this study and select methods solely for their effectiveness in achieving their goals. The author proposes to classify research methods of the features of the post-industrial development of the city according to hierarchical levels of influence of the city: global, regional and local levels. Also, this paper offers a generalized algorithm of socio-geographical study of features of post-industrial urban development, which presents the main stages of the study and proposes the most common methods of study.

The Interconnection among Science, Industry, State, and Society in Russia

The article analyzes the interconnection among science, industry, state, and society in Russia and the world. It also deals with the common characteristics and peculiarities of the Russian economy in transition. The authors focus on the transition from a linear to nonlinear model of the innovation process and the role of this transition in the technological progress of particular countries. The paradox in Russia is caused by an inherited linear model of the innovation process from the USSR. The transition to a nonlinear model is being carried out, but slowly and it is not yet generalized. The Russian innovation and legal spheres require comprehensive reforms, and the government needs to become the driving force for these changes in order for Russia to achieve the postindustrial stage of development. Understanding the peculiarities of the national innovation system (NIS) in Russia during the current transition period sheds light on how the Russian paradox can be overcome.

TRANSFORMATIONAL CHANGES IN INTERNATIONAL LABOR MIGRATION UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF GLOBALIZATION

Under the conditions of globalization the role and the place of international migration within the system of the world economy are experiencing many changes. International labor migration today is characterized not as much by enlargement or by the increased number of countries engaged in the international migratory processes, but more by changes in the structure and dynamics of migration flows which, in their turn, are one of the manifestations of the changing demands of countries at their post-industrial stage of development. In this article, we make an attempt to determine the chronology of development for the process of globalization of the world’s economy in parallel to also determining the specificity of international migration at each of these stages. We have found, inter alia, that international migration is a large-scale, multi-factor and highly dynamic socioeconomic phenomenon and is also a vital factor of influence upon the demographic development and economic growth of countries since it promotes and supports the ongoing process of globalization.

On the Methodological Unity of Post-Industrial and Sustainable Development as the Environment Preservation Imperative

Each stage of the economic development of any society is associated with the consumption of natural resources. Thus, the impact of human society on the environment determines the environmental conditionality of the economy. The problem of economy – the maximum satisfaction of needs – becomes the central problem of ecology, as the development of civilization has caused a large volume of resources’ consumption. National economies can be at one of the following development stages: traditional, industrial, post-industrial society. Each stage is characterized by a certain state, the structure of economy, the type and amount of used resources, the attitude to the natural environment and, accordingly, the type of ecological and economic development. In an industrial society, the environmental conditioning of the economy is associated with the use and minimization of resource consumption in order to increase the economic efficiency, but not with understanding that the resources are exhaustible and non-renewable. Therefore, when moving to the postindustrial stage of development, it is important to understand its connection with sustainable development, which consists in synchronizing the innovative development of the productive forces of industry and the "green" nature-saving technologies.

Post-Soviet urban environment: the experience of St. Petersburg

Cities form the backbone of human civilization, but only 600 of them become centers of world development. A special elite club consists of 183 world cities (according to Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) methodology), which represent the network substance of the globalized geoeconomic space. It is cities that lay down the global policy agenda, determine guidelines of economic management, and generate innovations and technological or consumer impulses. Intensive transformations take place in million-plus cities that affect the structure of the economy, urban space, and public realms. Most of these trends reflect processes that have affected most of the modern urbanized world. Study of the millionplus cities yields great opportunities for geographers. St. Petersburg, which is one of the world cities (gamma+), is experiencing a period of internal transformation within the paradigm change of economic development. Like other world cities, St. Petersburg has entered the postindustrial stage of development. This paper studies and interprets St. Petersburg’s main economic, territorial, and spatial transformation trends. In fact, the city is a testing ground for studying global urban trends in Russian practice. Particular attention is devoted to the remaining old post-Soviet features and the those of a new world city.

Economic-Geographical Aspects of Competitiveness and Positioninng of Countries And Regions

At present, the increased competition between countries and regions made the problem of study of competitiveness and positioning of regions in the system of the world and national economy relevant. This problem becomes even more important in conditions of the development of globalization and transition of countries to the post-industrial stage of development. All this led to the necessity to find ways to assess the competitiveness and the necessity for deeper analysis of the concept of competitiveness. Competitiveness of countries, regions and other territorial entities should be considered in mutual balance of all the principles of socio-economic development by a range of indicators of the following subsystems: population, economy, infrastructure, environment. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3p741

Общемировые тенденции развития сферы услуг постиндустриального общества

The concept of post-industrial society represents a society in which the economy as a result of the technological revolution and significant income growth went from pre-emptive priority production of goods to production of services, has recently become even more relevant. For example, the World Bank experts, authors of the report "Industry of the future: a new era of global growth and innovation" argue that if a country has reached the average level of well-being, the share of services in GDP of the country begins to exceed the performance of industry and agriculture. Currently, as post-industrial countries are classified those countries in which the service sector accounts for well over half of GDP. Fall under this criterion, in the first place, the United States (the service sector accounts for 79.4% of US GDP), European Union (the service sector is 69.4% of the GDP of the EU countries), and all developed countries. A comparative analysis of the service sector in Russia shows that without a radical increase in the efficiency of the sector the transition of our country in the post-industrial stage of development is impossible. The post-industrial structure of the economy suggests that overall GDP of more than 50% is formed by the service sector. The rapid development of the service sector and the increase of its share in the gross national product are features of the country´s transition to a post-industrial stage of development. Only relatively recently came the understanding of the important role services can play in the process of integration into the global economy and the international division of labor. Overall condition of the Russian service sector shows that without a radical increase in the efficiency of this sector, to speak of Russia´s transition to a post-industrial stage of development is prematurely. Comparative analysis of the dependence of the well-being of the world from the share of services in countries’ GDP, revealed a number of interesting facts that have enabled the author to supplement, clarify and restate the conclusion of international experts as follows: the service sector in the GDP of the country begins to exceed the performance of industry and agriculture if the country embarked on the path of the main characteristics of the post-industrial society - the development of services. The welfare of the country, in this case does not matter. Moreover, at present the number of countries in which the service sector accounts for well over half of GDP, is growing rapidly.

Problems of the knowledge of nature as God's creation in the documents of the Second Vatican Council

The need to study the documents of the Second Vatican Council on the preservation of the environment is conditioned by concrete changes in modern society, manifested in the escalation of conflicts in relations between man and nature, the transition to the post-industrial stage of development of society, globalization. Along with the positive effects and benefits of civilization, there are also dangers, including environmental ones. In modern Ukraine, the processes associated with the transition to a market economy, the adoption of the values ​​of Western society, which require transformation in all spheres of social life. These changes should be based on the existing spiritual and intellectual traditions of society and provide for the resolution of environmental problems as a priority task for the further development of society.

Specialization Versus Diversification in EU Economies: A Challenge for Agro-Food?

Much attention has been paid to industrial differentiation versus specialization. In EU, the phenomenon of secondary production is important enough since it absorbs 6.3% of the total output at basic prices. Through the development of new symmetrical indicators, we point out the ability of economic branches to diversify, penetrate and invade others. This analysis is applied both to EU countries and to economic system branches, focusing the analysis on the challenges facing Agriculture and Food and beverage industry. We can assume that the most advanced countries belong to a post-modern or post-industrial stage of development. The only way to continue to stay on the market is to diversify production and to emphasize the search for a quality/price ratio attractive for the consumer. On the contrary, less advanced countries of Central and Eastern Europe are rather in the initial or intermediate stages of industrialization in which agriculture, crafts and traditional services still have a certain importance and, as we know, undertake more differentiated activities. What emerges is a watershed between continental and Mediterranean countries. Eastern Europe is still anchored to a traditional behavior. In synthesis we find three fundamental trends: (a) a long period continuity of those complementary activities that have always characterized agriculture; (b) the different structure of secondary production in the EU countries; (c) different barriers to entry, that explain asymmetries in the behavior of branches otherwise more or less related. Remark that these barriers may be not only physical or economical but also normative, thus introducing more differences in the behavior of different countries.

Changes in the life patterns of families in the Nordic countries

In the 4 sections of this report prepared by Finnish researchers for the comparative study on changes in the life patterns of families in Europe attention is directed to the following: 1) analysis of the structure of the adult male and female populations according to the degree and type of economic activity in the 4 Nordic countries of Finland Denmark Norway and Sweden: 2) a description of the population changes during the 20th century; and 3) a comparison of marriage rates ages at 1st marriage and proportions of married persons in the Nordic countries; and 4) an examination of the size of the household and family type. The proportion of agricultural male population in Denmark Norway and Sweden has declined from about 45% in 1900 to less than 10% in 1975. At this time more men are involved in services than in industry and construction in these 3 countries that are now at the post-industrial stage of development. The industrialization process took place considerably later in Finland than in the other 3 countries. The movement of women into industrial and service occupations in Finland does not differ much from that in the other 3 Nordic countries. Economic activity of women outside the home has increased more or less steadily during the 20th century. Birthrates have dropped in the 20th century from about 30 to 12-14/1000 population. According to the latest figures most children were born before the mother is age 30. A most obvious change during the 20th century has been the decrease in the proportion of children (0-14 years). Households and families have become smaller and the decline in household size continues and more and more people are living totally alone.