Post-industrial Landscape Research Articles

Endowed with positive values and fatal weaknesses: Public art practices in post-industrial landscape --- A systematic review

Public art, due to its convenient participatory function and strong social integration ability, is being widely used in the protection, adaptive reuse and innovation of urban post-industrial landscape. In the process of urban renewal, although different forms of public art practice have brought many positive values and benefits to post-industrial landscape, such as the preference for sustainable development of the city, the continuation of urban context or the concern for local community residents based on “top-down” and “bottom-up” cases. Meanwhile, a series of fatal weaknesses arise are ultimately attributed to fragment and single protection of post-industrial landscape. The goal of this study is to systematically review and classify articles on the involvement of public art in post-industrial landscape (a process for screening articles was designed) in order to more clearly find out the positive values and fatal weaknesses of public art practice in various process of post-industrial landscape protection based on both “top-down” and “bottom-up” models. Most previous studies have focused on case analysis and have not discussed this issue or used this method. Therefore, the study is valuable. The conclusions of the study show eight positive values and seven fatal weaknesses in the application of public art practice in post-industrial landscape. It should be pointed out that “inspiring interaction and involvement” and “strengthening community identity,” are the most important factors in the practice of public art in post-industrial landscape. In the future stage, we should focus on and address the issue of "how to establish long-term artistic practice?” and “how we can better balance interests and rights among multiple stakeholders?" within public art academic ocean.

Development of Post-Industrial Heritage Landscape Design Based on Visual Cognitive Schema Theory: A Case Study of the Shou Gang Industrial Cultural Heritage Site

Post-industrial landscapes serve as crucial markers of industrial cultural heritage. This study focuses on the urban environmental form design of post-industrial civilization. Facing challenges posed by the incompatibility of traditional industrial lands with modern society, the urban renaissance of post-industrial landscapes emerges as a pivotal topic. This article defines the concepts of visual cognition, the cognitive schema, and the post-industrial landscape from the perspective of environmental psychology through literature research, case studies, and on-site investigation methods. It elaborates on the design process of the Shou Gang Industrial Cultural Heritage Site. This study shows how to create a living space that has both historical memory and meets modern needs through steps such as extracting core elements, constructing spatial schema, and promoting scene integration. The study found that, by extracting and integrating the four key visual cognitive elements of humans, objects, paths, and event, a dynamic and interactive living space schema—scene relationship—can be constructed. Finally, by summarizing the overall consciousness of the visual cognitive schema, it further emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the harmony and unity of people, behavior, and environment in the design process and realizing the sustainable utilization and development of space.

“Everybody hates a tourist”: la España rural as theme park

ABSTRACT This article will examine ways in which three contemporary artists – the filmmaker José Díaz and the writers Gabi Martínez and Isaac Rosa – engage with la España rural as a would-be theme park. It will argue that pressure from the conventions of the self-discovery documentary (Díaz) or the nonfiction narrative of return to rural roots (Martínez), causes both artists to slip into depoliticized solipsism. Meanwhile, the satirical writer, Isaac Rosa, uses his short story “#SoyMinero” to decry a tendency to frame Spain’s depopulated, postindustrial landscape as a nostalgic iteration of heritage tourism. This paper will examine to what extent such approaches to la España rural, for all their good intentions, can offer anything but a fleeting glimpse of solutions to intractable national problems.

The long way round: drawing to know by ‘not knowing’

While the reflexive and investigative potential of observational drawing is now acknowledged clearly within human geography, drawing practices are still most often brought to bear upon research subjects once they have been defined, rather than in helping to identify subjects for investigation. Reflecting upon the author’s own experience of artistic fieldworking, this article explores how expanded drawing can help researchers hold positions of ‘not knowing’ and maintain an openness to the possibilities that exist within a site during their earliest encounters with it. It is argued here that some forms of expanded drawing can foster ‘not knowing’ by offering access to information about the field beyond the visual, through direct and close physical engagement with it. By shifting emphasis towards sensory and embodied information, expanded drawing can generate fragmentary, partial and fugitive understandings which can unsettle assumptions about a place. Cultivating such positions of ‘not knowing’ can open up the field, break down pre-conceived object hierarchies and enable the site to ‘speak back’ and be heard more evenly. Expanded drawing also has the capacity to foster new relations between the researcher and their site as they persistently and intimately interrogate it. This is proposed as a form of ‘noticing-as-care’; a tentative artistic counter-strategy which may reveal unevenness in the attention paid across post-industrial landscapes undergoing regeneration, where areas of profound neglect and hyper-curation often sit close to each other.

Stranger Things": Exploring the Infrastructures of Pollution in Columbia, SC

abstract: In 2010, a toxic tar-like material (TLM) was discovered in the riverbed of a popular Congaree River boat launch site near downtown Columbia, South Carolina. In this article, we examine the novel infrastructural form that emerged to deal with this waste, a temporary cofferdam that was built in 2022 as an integral element in the Congaree River Sediment Cleanup project. In doing so, we consider what we call the short and long histories of the cofferdam's construction. These histories provide a way of glimpsing into how post-industrial landscapes and infrastructures are shaped by an inexhaustible list of potentially impactful factors both within and beyond contaminated spaces. We argue that the short history of the cofferdam's size, shape, composition, and age have been shaped by its long history of factors that include potential unexploded Civil War ordnance, the presence of threatened and endangered species, and state and non-state actor relationships. This case study invites us to think more broadly about the presence of coal tar as an index, object, and constituent of different environment infrastructural forms.

Evaluating the effects of different tree species on enhancing outdoor thermal comfort in a post-industrial landscape

A frequently emphasized strategy to reduce the burden of heat in cities across the world is the implementation of street trees. Here, we examine the effects of deciduous and coniferous tree deployment on meteorological variables and pedestrian thermal comfort through analysis of the new dynamic thermal comfort (dPET) index, using the latest version of the computational fluid dynamics model ENVI-met. We performed on site observational measurements of air temperature (Ta), relative humidity (Rh), wind speed (Ws), and mean radiant temperature (MRT) at five different locations on the hottest day of summer 2023, in a post-industrial urban landscape located in Tehran, Iran. Observations were used to evaluate ENVI-met simulation performance and served as a baseline against which sensitivity experiments—based on a minimum (35%) and maximum (75%) intervention scenario for deciduous and coniferous trees—were compared against. Our analysis indicates that 35% and 75% deployment reduced Ta by 1.2 °C and 4.2 °C, respectively, for deciduous tree species, compared to a 0.9 °C and 3.1 °C reduction for coniferous species, during the hottest day of summer 2023. The maximum deployment scenario decreased MRT by approximately 60 °C and 43 °C for deciduous and coniferous tree deployment, respectively. The maximum tree deployment scenario decreased dPET by nearly 16 °C and 14 °C for deciduous and coniferous trees, respectively, during the time of day that diurnal heating is maximized. Our findings highlight micrometeorological and personalized thermal comfort effects associated with variable tree species type and extent through examination of a pedestrian’s ambulatory experience across diverse urban microclimates in a region of the world that is particularly understudied.

Rust, Dust, Smoke and Smell: Memoryscapes for Industrial Heritage

ABSTRACT The sensory aspects of heritage can be elusive, with the fugitive nature of the dimension of smell, and with the ephemerality of tactile changes to surfaces, and the overall temporal mutability of the landscape. Memoryscape is a multi-sensory approach that promotes the act of remembering and bodily experience in a landscape. Industrial heritage possesses important cultural and historical values and worth remembering, yet heritage design practice has been focused on the visual and neglected the non-visual aspects of the landscape. This article explores how smell and materials can enhance a bodily experience at post-industrial landscapes through three cases in New Zealand: Shantytown Heritage Park, Dunedin Warehouse Precinct and The Tannery. The results illustrate how olfactory and ephemeral materials infuse heritage landscapes with vivid connections to the past, but are often overlooked in professional framings of heritage. Traditional perspectives on heritage, especially in formal settings like museums, eliminate elements such as smell and dust as they are seen as phenomena of decay. Professionals, such as landscape architects, are predominantly ocularcentric in their practice, and the potential of multi-sensory approaches can be overlooked. In the context of industrial heritage, these olfactory and ephemeral qualities are not necessarily pleasant, and this further contributes to their being neglected in the treatment of heritage sites.

Design logic of post-industrial landscape structure based on Metaphor-Deconstruction-Empowerment: A case study of the Truss Red gallery in Hebei

Design logic of post-industrial landscape structure based on Metaphor-Deconstruction-Empowerment: A case study of the Truss Red gallery in Hebei

The Archaeological Potential of Artificial Ground in Postindustrial Landscapes: A Case Study at the “Lowell of the Pacific Coast,” Oregon City, Oregon

The Archaeological Potential of Artificial Ground in Postindustrial Landscapes: A Case Study at the “Lowell of the Pacific Coast,” Oregon City, Oregon

From segmentalist to liberal skill formation system: A comparative analysis of labour market activation policies in Japan and South Korea

Abstract This study provides a comparative analysis of the evolution of skill formation systems in Japan and South Korea, considering the nuances in active labour market policies (ALMPs) and institutional transformations in the post-industrial landscape. Both nations initially adopted segmentalist skill formation systems; however, they now exhibit divergent paths. Korea, in particular, has undergone institutional changes from segmentalist to a liberal skill formation system, with firms reducing their involvement in skill formation, resulting in a pronounced skill formation gap. Firms have curtailed their role in skill formation in alignment with environmental changes, and ALMPs have primarily centred on job creation for the elderly and small- and medium-sized enterprise employment subsidies. Conversely, Japan has maintained consistent policy approaches despite similar environmental changes. This study highlights that these divergent trajectories are rooted in the different stages of institutional maturity established during industrialization.

Stranger Things: Exploring the Infrastructures of Pollution in Columbia, SC

In 2010, a toxic tar-like material (TLM) was discovered in the riverbed of a popular Congaree River boat launch site near downtown Columbia, South Carolina. In this article, we examine the novel infrastructural form that emerged to deal with this waste, a temporary cofferdam that was built in 2022 as an integral element in the Congaree River Sediment Cleanup project. In doing so, we consider what we call the short and long histories of the cofferdam’s construction. These histories provide a way of glimpsing into how post-industrial landscapes and infrastructures are shaped by an inexhaustible list of potentially impactful factors both within and beyond contaminated spaces. We argue that the short history of the cofferdam’s size, shape, composition, and age have been shaped by its long history of factors that include potential unexploded Civil War ordnance, the presence of threatened and endangered species, and state and non-state actor relationships. This case study invites us to think more broadly about the presence of coal tar as an index, object, and constituent of different environment infrastructural forms.

Wood Diversity and Regeneration in Post-Industrial Landscape: Case Study from Selected Locations

Wood Diversity and Regeneration in Post-Industrial Landscape: Case Study from Selected Locations

Filmowe wizerunki przestrzeni Donbasu po 2014 roku w wybranych filmach o tematyce wojennej

The paper aims to analyse the spatial representation in contemporary Ukrainian films created after 2014, set in the Donbas region and revolving around the ongoing war. As I reference the specific spatial context, my analysis is grounded in the framework of spatial turn. It also is crucial for me to delve into the history of Donbas and the portrayals of this place in Ukrainian cinematography. Film ecocriticism constitutes a significant context, particularly concerning representations of natural and postindustrial landscapes, often ravaged by human actions, especially in the context of warfare. Referring to the concept of landscape, I rely on Arnold Berleant’s perspective, noting that culturally transformed landscapes hold the same value as natural ones, and every landscape contributes to shaping cultural traditions. In my study, I employ textual film analysis derived from general structural analysis. My considerations encompass productions, such as Klondike (2022) directed by Maryna Er Gorbach, Reflection (2021) and Atlantis (2019), both directed by Valentyn Vasyanovych, as well as Bad Roads (2020) directed by Natalia Vorozhbyt.

Interpreting regenerated post-industrial lands as green spaces: Comparing public perceptions of post-industrial landscapes using human factor design framework

Urban green spaces shaped by the post-industrial landscape possess distinctive characteristics and aesthetic features due to the exceptional properties of industrial remains. Previous studies have indicated that various types of urban green spaces without industrial remains, such as urban parks, waterfronts, and streets, have a positive impact on the public's physiological and psychological well-being. However, the extent and mechanisms of the public's response to post-industrial landscapes remain unclear. To investigate mechanisms of public perceptions of and preferences for post-industrial landscape types and elements, we conducted quantitative analysis by coupling multimodal data and comparative or difference analyses among urban green spaces. We conducted a randomized controlled experiment with 48 participants who viewed images of different combinations of post-industrial landscapes in a distraction-free environment. After a pause, Positive-Negative perception and Preference questionnaires were completed. Eye tracking data were recorded during the experiment. Changes in electrodermal activity and heart rate variability were used to measure physiological stress. This study employed Pearson's correlation model to examine the relationships between objective data and subjective data. The ANOVA test was utilized to investigate the variability of objective and subjective data across different groups. Additionally, a multiple-stepwise regression model was employed to analyze the specific influencing factors and their respective degrees of influence. We found that (1) artificial landscape elements in post-industrial landscapes were more appealing to participants and heightened their sense of stress; natural landscape elements can alleviate stress and promote restoration. (2) The percentage of flowering shrub and tree elements was significantly positively correlated with preference, while the percentage of ground-covering plant elements was significantly negatively correlated with preference. (3) Industrial construction was significantly positively correlated with the sense of historical value while industrial construction and pavement elements negatively correlated with preference. However, pavement elements significantly mitigated the sense of insecurity, poor accessibility, and pollution risk. (4) Industrial construction and pavement distinguished the post-industrial landscape from other green spaces without industrial remains while maximizing historical value and curiosity helped increase positive effects. Although impact mechanisms of natural elements in other green spaces without industrial remains showed homogeneous similarities, the scene composed of industrial mixed with natural elements may lead to different perceptions. Our findings indicate that multimodal data coupled with comparative analysis of multiple green space types can help to fully identify mechanisms by which landscape types and elements influence public perceptions and preferences. This understanding can help increase public satisfaction with post-industrial landscapes and enable researchers to determine the sustainability of post-industrial sites using interrogative design.

LANDSCAPE DESIGN METHODS OF THE POST-INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT

The actual problem of today - the restoration of the post-industrial environment in cities - is highlighted in this article. This is an important component of the socio-economic development of cities. The relevance of this study lies in the ecological rehabilitation of post-industrial territories by restoring their natural potential and improving the environment; elimination of sources of danger in abandoned industrial territories; providing “new life” to the post-industrial environment; increasing the artistic and aesthetic appeal of the studied objects; saving financial resources by reducing the cost of urban development, obtaining the necessary social and recreational facilities on the existing post-industrial base.
 Special emphasis is placed on the revitalization of territories with the possibility of creating landscape objects. The post-industrial environment is an excellent base for setting up places for recreation, communication, and entertainment. The potential of such areas and the means of landscape design, effective in their renewal, have been clarified. The methods of landscape design aimed at the formation of recreational space based on the preservation of cultural and historical and restoration of ecological and artistic and aesthetic values of the post-industrial object have been revealed. The leading concepts of this process with the corresponding methods of landscape design are highlighted: 1 – “Water is the key object of the renewed post-industrial environment”, 2 – “Terrain – the unique skeleton of the post-industrial landscape”, 3 – “Vegetation – the carrier of regional traditions of landscape art”, and 4 – “Small architectural forms – elements of identification and visual connection of the updated space with its industrial past”. 
 The formation of recreational “magnets of attraction” based on the post-industrial environment is a reality. It determines their investment attractiveness and promotes the most effective use and socio-economic development of the city as a whole. In addition, the use of the identified techniques can help in solving issues related to ecological rehabilitation and “new life” of the post-industrial environment, eliminating one of the sources of danger in the city, increasing its aesthetic appeal, as well as preserving financial resources.

Revealing sites: three post-industrial landscapes of Zhu Yufan

The landscape architect Zhu Yufan interrogates the legacy of Chinese painting and historic garden design in the context of twenty-first-century post-industrial sites, material culture, and human experiences. This paper examines three projects completed in the past 15 years that extend traditional scholarly principles into contemporary public landscapes. At the Qinghai Atomic Memorial, Zhu explores multiple attributes of ‘threshold’ among other topics. At Chenshan Quarry Garden, he explores shanshui principles, including ‘near and far’ (proximity and distance) and ‘spirit resonance’. At Shougang Qunming Lake Park, he draws from the horizontal unfolding and interstitial spaces of hand scrolls. In these three projects, Zhu challenges a designer’s a priori projections onto a site with a conceptual framework for design that, conversely, expresses the landscape through reading the site. Beauty arrives not only by virtue of painterly space or analytical rationality but also from the agency that the site itself reveals.

Reviving Urban Greening in Post-Industrial Landscapes: The Case of Turin

This paper explores the strategies for reviving urban greening in post-industrial landscapes through nature-based solutions (NbSs). The case of Turin was selected to investigate peri-urban farming practices at the old FIAT premises in the Mirafiori Sud area. Starting in the 2010s, the City of Turin launched new urban regeneration projects to transform degraded post-industrial landscapes into creative urban living labs (ULLs) for experimentation. The data were collected by reviewing the literature available from public sources, including project documents (deliverables, public reports, MOOC content, scientific articles, etc.). Interviews and focus groups with policymakers (municipality), volunteers (NGOs), and inhabitants were carried out to gather insights as primary sources. A qualitative thematic analysis was adopted to determine how NbS can be a force for enhancing multi-functionality in post-industrial areas by incorporating ULLs and green tourism as a co-creation model to connect with nature. The results showed that (1) Mirafiori Sud became a remarkable hub for co-creation projects to foster the transformation of brownfields into experimentation sites capable of hosting sustainable and inclusive solutions, (2) regenerative art practices in shared spaces play a crucial role in community engagement, (3) the support for urban agriculture initiatives could improve the ability of cities to provide alternative food (and cultural) networks. In sum, NbSs drive change in urban landscapes and promote green tourism via agricultural production.

The nothingness myth

Abstract This article analyzes the concept of “nothingness” as a part of human- resource relations in pre- and post-industrial landscapes. It addresses nothingness as a part of mythological narratives in Kvartsitnyi settlement in northwestern Russia. Kvartsitnyi was built in the 1970s near the new quartzitic sandstone quarry and was initially viewed as a modern settlement attracting workers from all around the country. However, in the early 2000s, the quarry went bankrupt and closed. The pre-industrial landscape of Kvartsitnyi is often viewed in the interviews as empty, and the quarry's closure recreated this symbolic “nothingness.” These narratives resemble mythological creation stories when a new world appears from nothing but is destroyed as a result of human mistakes. The article discusses the cosmogonic myth of Kvartsitnyi within the larger context of Soviet and post-Soviet myth-making.

Colonial Legacies: Contemporary Lens-Based Art and the Democratic Republic of Congo by Gabriella Nugent

Colonial Legacies: Contemporary Lens-Based Art and the Democratic Republic of Congo by Gabriella Nugent

Restoring Soil Cover and Plant Communities with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as an Essential Component of DSS for Environmental Safety Management in Post-Industrial Landscapes

Large areas become unsuitable for full-fledged life after mining activity. To improve the state of environmental safety of post-industrial landscapes and the rational use of disturbed territories, a Decision Support System (DSS) should be created. This system should also contain proposals for restoring the soil cover and plant communities that are proposed in this article. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the process of vegetation formation in the post-industrial landscape of a sulfur quarry. During reclamation works in human-made ecotopes, vegetation has already formed there in a certain way due to natural succession processes. We assessed the level of vegetation self-restoration and, on the basis of the obtained data, the need and direction of phytoreclamation in relation to specific ecotopes. The set of restoration of soil cover and plant communities makes it possible to solve the problem of reusing post-industrial landscapes. The positive effect of the treatment of seedlings with a spore remedy of arbuscular, mycorrhizal fungi on the studied breeds’ height increase was observed. In the process of the revitalization of disturbed landscapes through the mycorrhization of planting material, there is a tendency to restore and increase phytodiversity at the floristic and coenotic levels.