Post-grafting Generation Research Articles

Effects of grape seedlings intercropping with post-grafting generation of Impatiens balsamina on different fractions of cadmium content in soil

To study the effects of grape seedlings intercropping with post-grafting generation of Impatiens balsamina on different fractions of cadmium (Cd) in soil, a pot experiment was conducted. The results showed that grape seedlings intercropping with post-grafting generations of I. balsamina significantly increased the content of exchangeable Cd in soil. Grape seedlings intercropping with the post-grafting generation of self-rooted grafting by two different sizes seedlings of I. balsamina significantly increased the content of residual Cd (52%), and increased the exchangeable Cd content (19%). In conclusion, grape seedlings were not suitable for intercropping with post-grafting generations of I. balsamina, although some intercropping treatments increased the content of residual Cd.

Effects of intercropping with post-grafting generation of impatiens balsamina on phosphorus uptake in grape seedlings under cadmium stress

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of intercropping with post-grafting generation of Impatiens balsamina on phosphorus (P) uptake in grape roots, stems, leaves and available P content in soil under cadmium (Cd) stress. In the experiment, four grafting treatment [ungrafted (UG), self-rooted grafting by the same one seedling (PSG), self-rooted grafting by two different sizes seedlings (PSDG) and self-rooted grafting by two same sizes seedlings (PSSG)] were used to intercrop with grape seedlings. The result showed that intercropping with PSG significantly increased the content of total P in grape roots and stems, but other treatments all reduced it. The content of total P in grape leaves for the treatment of intercropping with PSDG was 24.36% higher than the monoculture and other treatments reduced it. The treatment of intercropping with UG significantly increased the content of soil available P. Therefore, under Cd stress, intercropping with post-grafting generation of I. balsamina has an impact on grape content.

Effects of grape seedlings intercropping with post-grafting generation of two floricultural accumulator plants on soil enzymes activity under cadmium stress

Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of grape seedlings intercropping with post-grafting generation of Cosmos sulphureus and Impatiens balsamina on soil enzymes activity under cadmium (Cd) stress. The result showed that: under Cd stress, grape intercropping with the post-grafting generation of C. sulphureus had significant effect, and grape intercropping with the generation of ungrafted C. sulphureus (C.CK) significantly increased soil catalase, soil urease and soil invertase activity compared to grape monoculture (MG). Grape intercropping with the post-grafting generation of self-rooted grafting by two uniform plant seedlings of I. balsamina (I.UG), the generation of ungrafted I. balsamina (I.CK) and the post-grafting generation of self-rooted grafting by the same one seedling of I. balsamina (I.SG) also significantly increased thses three enzymes activity compared to MG. Grape intercropping with I.UG was the most, and next were I.CK and I.SG. In conclusion, when grape intercropping with C.CK, I.UG, I.CK and I.SG, respectively, the enzymes activity all significantly increased.

Effects of grape seedlings intercropping with post-Grafting generation of Cosmos sulphureus on different fractions of cadmium content in soil

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of grape seedlings intercropping with post-grafting generation of Cosmos sulphureus on different fractions of cadmium (Cd) in soil. The results showed that when grape seedlings intercropped with the generation of ungrafted C. sulphureus (I CK), the content of exchangeable Cd increased by 25%, and the content of residual Cd decreased by 17% compared to the monoculture, respectively. Compared to the monoculture, grape seedlings intercropping with the post-grafting generation of self-rooted grafting by two uniform plant seedlings of C. sulphureus (I UG) significantly increased the residual Cd content (37%) while the exchangeable Cd content increased not significantly (11%). In conclusion, the treatment of I CK was not conducive to the reduction of the bioavailability of Cd in soil, while the treatment of I UG was better.

Effects of intercropping with post-grafting generation of Impatiens balsamina on photosynthesis of grape seedlings under cadmium stress

To study the effects of intercropping with post-grafting generation of Impatiens balsamina on photosynthesis of grape seedlings, a plurality of photosynthesis indicators of the grape were measured by a pot experiment. The results showed that intercropping with ungrafted and post-grafting generation of I. balsamina all reduced the photosynthesis parameters of grape to some extent. After four intercropping treatments, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), CO2 concentration of intercellular (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr) and value of pressure deficit leaf (Vpdl) were all lower than that of grape monoculture. Therefore, intercropping with post-grafting generation of I. balsamina could not improve but reduce the photosynthesis of grape seedling.

Effects of the reciprocal grafting on the photosynthesis of two genotypes tomato offspring under selenium stress

To study the effects of the reciprocal grafting on the photosynthesis of two genotypes tomato offspring under selenium stress, red ball cherry tomato cherry 5-5-1 and yellow ball cherry tomato yellow RTY-3-2 post-grafting generation (red scion, red rootstock, yellow scion and yellow rootstock) and seedlings (red CK and yellow CK) planted in 10 mg·kg-1 selenium soil, and the pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of the reciprocal grafting on the growth characteristics and the photosynthesis of tomato offspring under selenium stress. The results showed that grafting increased the fresh weight of the organs of the offspring, the ratio of root to shoot, and the functional activity of the roots of the plants, which was conducive to the growth of tomato offspring. Simultaneously, it could effectively improve the photosynthetic capacity of grafted offspring leaves at the seedling stage. The grafted offspring of rootstocks had the best effect on improving the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of tomato leaves, and decreased intercellular CO2 concentration. Among them, the best effect of yellow rootstock was to provide ideas and theoretical basis for the production of selenium-enriched tomatoes in the selenium-deficient areas in the future.

Effects of Intercropping with Post-grafting Generation of Cosmos sulphureus on Nitrogen Uptake of Grape under Cadmium Stress

Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of intercropping with post-grafting generation of Cosmos sulphureus on nitrogen (N) uptake of grape under cadmium (Cd) stress. The results showed that intercropping with post-grafting generation of C. sulphureus could reduce N absorption of grape compared with grape monoculture (MG) under Cd stress. As a whole, the N content in grape were ranked in the following order: MG > intercropping with the post-grafting generation of self-rooted grafting by two same sizes seedlings of C. sulphureus (PSSG) > intercropping the post-grafting generation of self-rooted grafting by two different sizes seedlings of C. sulphureus (PSDG) > intercropping with the post-grafting generation of self-rooted grafting by the same one seedling of C. sulphureus (PSG) > intercropping with the generation of ungrafted C. sulphureus (UG). Intercropping with post-grafting generation of C. sulphureus had no significant effect on the alkaline N content in soil compared with MG under Cd stress (P > 0.05). Intercropping with UG, PSG and PSDG increased alkaline N content in soil, while intercropping with PSSG decreased alkaline N content in soil. In conclusion, Grape intercropping with post-grafting generation of C. sulphureus could improve alkaline N content in soil as a whole, but which decreased N content in grape under Cd stress.

Effects of Intercropping with Post-Grafting Generation of Cosmos sulphureus on Total Potassium Content in Grape Seedling under Cadmium Stress

The effects of intercropping with post-grafting generation of Cosmos sulphureus on total potassium content of grape seedling were investigated through pot experiment under cadmium stress. The results showed that the intercropping treatments had significant effect on soil available potassium content and total potassium content in root, stem and leaf of grape seedling, while intercropping with ungrafted and post-grafting generation of C. sulphureus all decreased the potassium content of grape seedling and soil compared with grape monoculture. The potassium content of grape seedling and soil were all ranked as: grape monoculture (MG) > intercropping with the ungrafted generation of C. sulphureus (UG) > intercropping with the post-grafting generation of C. sulphureus of self-rooted grafting by the same one seedling (PSG) > intercropping with the post-grafting generation of C. sulphureus of self-rooted grafting by two different sizes seedlings (PSDG) > intercropping with the post-grafting generation of C. sulphureus of self-rooted grafting by two same sizes seedlings (PSSG). Therefore, intercropping with post-grafting generation of C. sulphureus could not increase but reduce the potassium content, which is one of essential minerals that contributes to plant growth and development.

Effects of Intercropping with Post-Grafting Generation of Impatiens balsamina on Nitrogen Uptake of Grape Seedlings under Cadmium Stress

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of intercropping with post-grafting generation of Impatiens balsamina on nitrogen content in each part of grape seedlings and the alkaline nitrogen content in soil. Results showed that under cadmium stress, intercropping with post-grafting generation of I. balsamina (intercropping with I. balsamina of non-grafting, intercropping with post-grafting generation of self-rooted grafting by the same one seedlings of I. balsamina intercropping with post-grafting generation of self-rooted grafting by the two same sizes seedlings of I. balsamina intercropping with post-grafting generation of self-rooted grafting by the two different sizes seedlings of I. balsamina) reduced the nitrogen content in each part of the grape seedlings compared with monoculture. But all the intercropping treatment increased the soil alkaline nitrogen content compared with monoculture. In conclusion, intercropping with post-grafting generation of I. balsamina reduced the nitrogen content of grape seedlings and increasing the soil alkaline nitrogen content.

Effects of Intercropping with Post-Grafting Generation of Cosmos sulphureus on Phosphorus Uptake of Grape Seedlings under Cadmium Stress

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of grape intercropping with Post-Grafting Generation of Cosmos sulphureus and monoculture on Total P content in grape roots, stems, leaves and available Phosphorus (P) content in soil under Cadmium (Cd) stress. The result showed that: All the intercropping patterns declined the contents of total P in grape roots and the contents of soil available P obviously. Intercropping with UG, PSG, PSDG and PSSG had different effects on the content of total P in grape stems and the contents of total P in grape leaves. Intercropping with PSSG increased the contents of total P in grape stems and leaves. Intercropping with UG and PSG decreased the contents of total P in grape stems and leaves. Therefore, intercropping with PSSG could increase grape P content under Cd stress.

Interspecies rootstocks affect cadmium accumulation in postgrafting generation plants of potential cadmium-hyperaccumulator Solanum photeinocarpum.

Pot and field experiments were conducted to study the effects of interspecies rootstocks on cadmium (Cd) accumulation characteristics of the potential Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum photeinocarpum postgrafting generation plants. Four treatments (ungrafted and S. photeinocarpum seedlings grafted on the rootstocks of eggplant, potato, and tomato) were utilized in the present study. In the 2 pot experiments, eggplant and potato reduced biomass of S. photeinocarpum postgrafting generation plants, whereas tomato increased shoot biomass compared with the control (ungrafted seedlings). Compared with ungrafted seedlings, tomato increased and eggplant decreased Cd contents in shoots of S. photeinocarpum postgrafting generation. Only tomato increased Cd extraction by shoots of S. photeinocarpum postgrafting generation compared with ungrafted seedlings. In the field experiment, only tomato increased shoot Cd content of S. photeinocarpum postgrafting generation by 8.31% and shoot Cd extraction by 9.30% compared with ungrafted seedlings. Therefore, use of tomato as rootstock could enhance the ability of S. photeinocarpum postgrafting generation plants to remediate Cd-contaminated soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2845-2850. © 2016 SETAC.

Lithium enhances proliferation and neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells in vitro and after transplantation into the adult rat spinal cord

Transplantation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) holds great potential for the treatment of spinal cord injuries. The survival and differential fates of transplanted NPCs in the cord are key factors contributing to the success of the therapy. In this study, we investigate the effects of lithium, a widely used antidepressant drug, on the survival, proliferation and differentiation of spinal cord-derived NPCs in cultures and after transplantation into the spinal cord. Our results show that clinically relevant doses of lithium increase the proliferation of grafted NPCs at 2 weeks post-grafting and neuronal generation by grafted NPCs at 2 weeks and 4 weeks post-grafting. However, lithium does not cause preferential differentiation of NPCs into astrocytes or oligodendrocytes both in vitro and after transplantation. Our results also show that chronic treatment with lithium (up to 4 weeks) reduces microglia and macrophage activation, indicating that lithium treatment can affect the host immune response. The results of the present study provide evidence that lithium may have therapeutic potential in cell replacement strategies for CNS injury due to its ability to promote proliferation and neuronal generation of grafted NPCs and reduce the host immune reaction.