Post-grafting Generation Research Articles

Effects of Mutual Grafting on Fruit Quality in Post-grafting generation of Two Genotypes Cherry Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Effects of Mutual Grafting on Fruit Quality in Post-grafting generation of Two Genotypes Cherry Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Effects of mutual intercropping on cadmium accumulation of Solanum photeinocarpum Nakamura et Odashima and its post-grafting generations

The cadmium (Cd) contaminated agricultural soil has become serious in recent years, but it will take long time for Cd-hyperaccumulator to remedy. To speed up the remediation of agricultural soil and achieve the safe agricultural production as soon as possible, the potential Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum photeinocarpum Nakamura et Odashima was intercropped with its post-grafting generations in Cd-contaminated soil. Intercropping increased the biomass, Cd contents and Cd extractions of S. photeinocarpum and its post-grafting generations in the pot and field experiments. Both the whole plant or shoot biomass and the Cd extraction by whole plant or shoot in intercroppings had a linear regression relationship with that in monocultures. In the field experiment, intercropping increased the shoot Cd extraction of S. photeinocarpum by 9.86%–40.06% compared with the monoculture. Intercropping increased the content of chlorophyll, activity of superoxide dismutase, activity of catalase, and soluble protein content of S. photeinocarpum and its post-grafting generations but reduced their peroxidase activities in the pot experiment. Therefore, intercropping S. photeinocarpum with its post-grafting generations can improve their phytoremediation ability, and the best choice is S. photeinocarpum intercropped with its post-grafting generation of wild potato rootstock. Novelty statement Intercropping Solanum photeinocarpum Nakamura et Odashima with its post-grafting generations could mutually promote the Cd accumulation in the two types of plant species, and improve their phytoremediation ability for remedying the Cd-contaminated soil.

Effects of intercropping with Solanum photeinocarpum and its post-grafting generations on cadmium accumulation in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica)

Cadmium (Cd) contamination of orchard soils is a global problem that has been increasing. To decrease the Cd accumulation in fruits, intercropping the orchard crops with hyperaccumulator plants has been used for soil remediation. A pot and a field experiment were conducted to study the effects of intercropping the potential Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum photeinocarpum and its post-grafting generations with loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) on the growth and Cd uptake of these two plant species. In the pot experiment, intercropping improved the biomass, Cd content, Cd extraction, and root-to-shoot Cd translocation in both species. Intercropping increased the DNA methylation levels, antioxidant enzyme activity, and soluble protein content of loquat seedlings. These results indicate that intercropping could improve the phytoremediation of S. photeinocarpum and its post-grafting generations and increase the Cd uptake in loquat seedlings. In the field experiment, intercropping increased the Cd contents in the old branches, while it decreased that in the young branches and fruits of loquat. These findings indicate that intercropping could increase the Cd uptake in old tissues but reduce the Cd uptake in young tissues and fruits of loquat. So, intercropping loquat with S. photeinocarpum and its post-grafting generations could be used in Cd-contaminated orchards.

Effects of reciprocal grafting on the growth and cadmium accumulation in post-grafting generations of two cherry tomatoes

ABSTRACT In this study, pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of reciprocal grafting on the growth and Cd accumulation in post-grafting generations of two cherry tomatoes – red (Red cherry 5-5-1-1) and yellow (RTY-3-2) cherry tomatoes. Six treatments, which consisted of ungrafted red cherry tomato (R-CK), ungrafted yellow cherry tomato (Y-CK), red cherry tomato as rootstock (R-rootstock), red cherry tomato as scion (R-scion), yellow cherry tomato as rootstock (Y- rootstock), and yellow cherry tomato as scion (Y-scion) were utilised. The results showed that grafting significantly decreased the root biomass of Y- rootstock and Y-scion as compared to that of Y-CK, but there were no differences in the shoot biomass. Compared with that of Y-CK, grafting increased the root Cd content of the post-grafting generations, specifically, Y- rootstock and Y-scion increased by 54.44% and 52.96%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the shoot Cd content of Y- rootstock, Y-scion, and Y-CK. The root, stem, leaf, and shoot biomass of R-rootstock increased by 14.17%, 76.23%, 36.47%, and 21.72%, respectively, as compared with that of R-CK. However, grafting had no significant effect on the root, stem, leaf, and shoot biomass of R-scion. Grafting significantly increased the root Cd content of R-rootstock. However, grafting significantly decreased the shoot Cd content of R-rootstock, with the value 26.18% lower than that of R-CK. The root Cd content of R-scion significantly increased compared with the R-CK, and the shoot Cd content had no differences. Therefore, the reciprocal grafting of the two cherry tomatoes promoted the growth and reduced the Cd uptake of R-rootstock. Findings from this study could be used to provide a reference for the safe production of tomatoes in heavy metal-contaminated soils.

Effects of Solanum photeinocarpum and its post grafting generations straw on cadmium accumulation of loquat seedlings

ABSTRACT Herein, we prepared a pot experiment to explore the potential effects of cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator Solanum photeinocarpum and its post grafting generations straw on Cd accumulation in loquat seedlings. Two varieties (‘Dawuxing’ and ‘Chuanzao’) of loquat seedlings were planted in Cd-contaminated soil together with the straw of S. photeinocarpum (UG) and its post grafting generations with self-rooted grafting involving one S. photeinocarpum seedling (SG), self-rooted grafting involving two S. photeinocarpum seedling developmental stages (DG), and grafting on wild potato rootstock (PG). With the application of DG and PG straw, biomass of the root, stem, leaf, and shoot of loquat seedlings were slightly higher, whereas UG and SG straw had no apparent effects. DG and PG straw increased the Cd contents in various organs of loquat seedlings and elevated the Cd extractions in various organs of loquat seedlings to some extent while UG and SG had no apparent effects on that. These findings demonstrate that the straw of DG and PG can promote growth and increase the phytoremediation ability of loquat seedlings (not suitable for the resulting loquat tree), with PG as the best choice.

Intercropping with post-grafting generation of Solanum photeinocarpum decreases cadmium accumulation in soybean (Glycine max)

A pot experiment was designed to explore the effects of different post-grafting generations of Solanum photeinocarpum Nakamura et Odashima intercropping on growth and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in soybeans (varieties: “Zaodou” and “Liaoxian”). Post generation of S. photeinocarpum (ungrafted, grafted on eggplant, potato, and tomato, respectively) were utilized to intercrop with two varieties of soybean in Cd-contaminated soil. Soybean monoculture was employed as a control. Consequently, intercropping with different post-grafting S. photeinocarpum generation, except for tomato rootstock grafts post-generation, could reduce soybean biomass and photosynthetic pigment content. Additionally, all S. photeinocarpum post-grafting generations had the capacity to reduce Cd content in soybean when intercropping, while tomato rootstock grafts post-generation exhibited an adequate ability to accumulate Cd in S. photeinocarpum compared to the ungrafted treatment. In particular, tomato rootstock grafts post-generation could effectively decrease Cd content in soybean organs by 14.09–62.13%, relative to soybean monoculture, but increased shoot Cd content and shoot Cd extraction of S. photeinocarpum by 10.33–13.49% and 10.38–12.03%, respectively, compared to the ungrafted treatment. Thus, tomato rootstock grafting may enhance the ability of post-grafting generation of S. photeinocarpum to remediate Cd-contaminated soil, and this grafting was able to reduce Cd accumulation in soybean.

Mowing enhances the phytoremediation ability of cadmium-contaminated soil in the post-grafting generations of potential cadmium-hyperaccumulator Solanum photeinocarpum

The study aimed at accessing the effects of mowing on the growth and cadmium (Cd) accumulation of the first post-grafting generation of potential Cd-hyperaccumulator plant Solanum photeinocarpum through the pot and plot experiments. Four grafting treatments were employed such as ungrafted (UG), self-rooted grafting by the same S. photeinocarpum seedling (SG), self-rooted grafting by two different development stages of S. photeinocarpum seedlings (DG), and grafting on the rootstock of wild potato (PG). The biomass, Cd content, and Cd extraction amount of S. photeinocarpum shoots significantly decreased with the increase of mowing times in the pot and plot experiments. The order of the grafting on the biomass, Cd content, and Cd extraction amountof in the first, second, third mowing shoots were PG > DG > SG > UG. For the Cd extraction amountof total moving shoots, SG, DG, and PG increased by 20.42%, 35.54%, and 52.94%, respectively, in the pot experiment, and increased by 11.56%, 26.28%, and 44.90%, respectively, in the plot experiment, compared with the UG. Therefore, mowing provides an insight into the phytoremediation ability of S. photeinocarpum to Cd.

Effects of reciprocal grafting on cadmium accumulation in post-grafting generations of two ecotypes of Solanum photeinocarpum

Farmland and mining ecotypes of the potential cadmium (Cd)-hyperaccumulator Solanum photeinocarpum were collected to study the effects of reciprocal grafting on the growth of, and Cd accumulation in, the post-grafting generations. The post generations of the following plant materials were evaluated in a pot experiment: the un-grafted farmland ecotype, grafted plants with the farmland ecotype as the scion or the rootstock, the un-grafted mining ecotype, and grafted plants with the mining ecotype as the scion or the rootstock. The results showed that reciprocal grafting increased the biomass, the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, and the soluble protein content in the post-grafting generations of both ecotypes S. photeinocarpum. Reciprocal grafting also increased the Cd content in, and amount of Cd extracted by, the post-grafting generations of both ecotypes S. photeinocarpum as a result of lower soil pH and higher soil available Cd concentrations. Additionally, grafting affected the DNA methylation levels by inducing hypermethylation or demethylation in the post-grafting generation. Therefore, reciprocal grafting can enhance the Cd accumulation (phytoremediation) capacity of post-grafting generations of both ecotypes S. photeinocarpum by affecting DNA methylation levels.

Grafting increases cadmium accumulation in the post-grafting generations of the potential cadmium-hyperaccumulator Solanum photeinocarpum

ABSTRACT To determine whether grafting increases cadmium (Cd) accumulation in the post-grafting generation of hyperaccumulator plants, the effects of grafting on Cd accumulation characteristics of post-grafting generations of a potential Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum photeinocarpum were evaluated in pot and field experiments. The following four grafting combinations were examined: ungrafted (UG), self-rooted grafting involving one S. photeinocarpum seedling (SG), self-rooted grafting involving two S. photeinocarpum seedling developmental stages (DG), and grafting on wild potato rootstock (PG). Grafting did not induce genetic changes in S. photeinocarpum, and increased the shoot biomass and the amount of Cd extracted by the shoots of the first, second, and third generations of S. photeinocarpum (PG > DG > SG > UG). Additionally, enhanced superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities and increased soluble protein contents of the first post-grafting generation were observed for the DG and PG, whereas only enhanced superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities were observed for the SG. Grafting increased the DNA methylation levels by inducing hypermethylation in the first post-grafting generation (PG > DG > SG > UG). Therefore, grafting can enhance the Cd accumulation (phytoremediation) ability of post-grafting generations of S. photeinocarpum by enhancing DNA methylation levels, especially when wild potato rootstock is used.

Different rootstocks decrease the cadmium accumulation of the post-grafting generation of Brassica juncea var. megarrhiza

ABSTRACTA pot experiment was designed to assess the effects of different rootstocks on cadmium (Cd) accumulation and the growth of the post-grafting generations of Brassica juncea var. megarrhiza. Four treatments, including ungrafted and B. juncea var. megarrhiza as the scion grafted on the rootstocks of Brassica napus, Brassica chinensis and Brassica campestris respectively, were analysed. The three grafting treatments decreased the content of Cd in the first post-grafting generations of B. juncea var. megarrhiza but increased the length of roots, tuberous roots and leaves, and tuberous root diameters, as well as the biomass of the various organs and edible parts. In addition, the grafted rootstocks could enhance the level of photosynthetic pigments and the activity of peroxidase but reduce the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and the soluble protein content of the first post-grafting generations of B. juncea var. megarrhiza. The different rootstocks grafts could also decrease the available concentration of Cd in the soil but increase the soil pH. Therefore, the grafting could decrease the accumulation of cadmium in the post-grafting generation of B. juncea var. megarrhiza, and the graft on B. campestris was the most effective.

Effects of intercropping with post-grafting generation of Cosmos sulphureus on physiological and growth of grape seedling under cadmium stress

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of intercropping with post-grafting generation of Cosmos sulphureus on physiological growth of grape seedlings under cadmium stress by determining the biomass, the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the soluble protein and sugar content. All in all, these results illustrated that intercropping with post-grafting generation of C. sulphureus increased the biomass, photosynthetic pigment and osmotic substance content and also enhance the antioxidant enzyme activities compared to the grape seedlings monoculture, especially intercropping with post-grafting generation of C. sulphureus of self-rooted grafting by two different development stages of plant seedling. Thus, intercropping with post-grafting generation of C. sulphureus played an important role in grape seedlings restoration even under cadmium stress and also provided theoretical basis for other plant restoration.

Effects of intercropping with post-grafting generation of Cosmos sulphureus on cadmium accumulation of grape seedlings

The pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of intercropping with post-grafting generation of Cosmos sulphureus on the cadmium accumulation of grape seedlings under cadmium stress.C. sulphureus which non-grafted (the offspring is named C. sulphureus S), self-rooted grafting by the same plant seedlings(the offspring is named C. sulphureus D), self-rooted grafting by two uniform plant seedlings (the offspring is named C. sulphureus T), and self-rooted graftingby two different development stages of plant seedlings (the offspring is named C. sulphureus Y). The results showed that intercropping significantly reduced the soil pH and increased the available cadmium content of the soil. Compared with grape monoculture, intercropping significantly reduced the cadmium content of grape seedlings roots. Among all treatments, grapeintercropping C. sulphureus Y maximized the biomass of grape seedlings and the cadmium accumulation of the post-grafting generation of C. sulphureus, and the cadmium content of the grape seedlings shoots was significantly lower than other treatments.

Effect of mutual grafting on the growth and moisture content in post-grafting of two varieties cherry tomato seedlings

The effects of mutual grafting on growth and moisture content in post-grafting generations of two varieties cherry tomato seedlings (yellow cherry tomato and red cherry tomato) under stress of Cd were studied in a pot experiment involving the following: un-grafted yellow cherry tomato and red cherry tomato (Yellow CK and Red CK), yellow cherry tomato as rootstock and red cherry tomato as scion (Yellow Rootstock, Red Scion), yellow cherry tomato as scion and red cherry tomato as rootstock (Yellow Scion, Red Rootstock). Mutual grafting increased plant height, stem weight of post-grafting of yellow cherry tomato; however, stem diameter, root and leaf weight and moisture content were no significantly effects compared with Yellow CK. As for red cherry tomato seedlings, mutual grafting increased root length of post-grafting; plant height and moisture content of post-grafting of Red Rootstock were increased, while in Red Scion, the these parameters decreased or showed no significant effects. These results imply that mutual grafting may improve or no effect in growth and moisture content of post-grafting generations.

Effects of different rootstocks on the growth and cadmium-accumulation characteristics of a post-grafting generation of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings

ABSTRACT To study the cadmium (Cd)-accumulation characteristics of the post-grafting generation of Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt., the seeds of C. betacea grafted on Solanum nigrum L., tomato, and eggplant rootstocks were collected and planted in Cd-contaminated soil. Compared with seeds of ungrafted seedlings, the S. nigrum rootstock increased the shoot biomass of the post-grafting generation of C. betacea seedlings, while eggplant and tomato rootstocks decreased or had no significant effects. Only the S. nigrum rootstock increased the chlorophyll a content, net photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance of the post-grafting generation of C. betacea seedlings, while the other rootstocks decreased or had no significant effects on these photosynthetic parameters. The S. nigrum rootstock enhanced the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and soluble protein content, of the post-grafting generation of C. betacea seedlings, while the other rootstocks reduced or had no significant effects on these parameters. The three rootstocks decreased the Cd contents in different organs of the post-grafting generation of C. betacea seedlings, and the order of treatments was ungrafted > tomato rootstock > eggplant rootstock > S. nigrum rootstock. Therefore, S. nigrum was the best rootstock to promote the growth and decrease the Cd contents in post-grafting generation of C. betacea, and this can benefit C. betacea production in Cd-contaminated areas.

Effects of mutual grafting on cadmium accumulation characteristics of first post-generations of Bidens pilosa L. and Galinsoga parviflora Cav.

We studied the effects of mutual grafting on cadmium (Cd) accumulation characteristics on the first post-generations of the Cd-hyperaccumulator plants Bidens pilosa L. and Galinsoga parviflora Cav. The seeds from scions and rootstocks of B. pilosa and G. parviflora were collected and planted in Cd-contaminated soil in pot and field experiments. In the pot experiment, rootstock treatment increased the shoot biomass of B. pilosa post-grafting generations, compared with ungrafted B. pilosa, but decreased the Cd content in shoots and Cd extraction by shoots of post-grafting generations; scion treatment decreased or had no significant effect. Mutual grafting resulted in no significant differences to the photosynthetic pigment contents in B. pilosa post-grafting generations. Compared with ungrafted G. parviflora, scion treatment increased the shoot biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, and Cd extraction by shoots of G. parviflora post-grafting generations, but rootstock treatment did not lead to significant differences. Mutual grafting resulted in no significant differences to the Cd contents in shoots of G. parviflora post-grafting generations. In the field experiment, only rootstock treatment increased the shoot biomass of B. pilosa post-grafting generations, and only scion treatment increased the shoot biomass and the Cd extraction by shoots of G. parviflora post-grafting generations. Therefore, mutual grafting of scions may enhance the phytoremediation ability of G. parviflora first post-grafting generations.

Effects of self-rooted grafting on growth and cadmium accumulation in post-grafting generations of soybean (Glycine max).

A study was performed to determine whether self-rooted grafting decreases cadmium (Cd) accumulation in post-grafting soybean (Glycine max (Linn.) Merrill) generations. Pot experiments were performed using ungrafted (UG) seedlings, self-rooted grafting from the same soybean seedling (SG), self-rooted grafting from two soybean seedlings at the same growth stage (TG), and self-rooted grafting from two soybean seedlings at different developmental stages (DG). Growth and Cd accumulation in three post-grafting soybean generations were assessed. In the SG treatment, only the second post-grafting generation had increased shoot biomass and only the first post-grafting generation shoots had decreased Cd contents. The seed Cd content, soluble protein content, and antioxidant enzyme activity were not significantly affected in three post-grafting generations. In the TG and DG treatments, shoot biomass, soluble protein content, and antioxidant enzyme activities were increased, and the shoot and seed Cd contents were decreased in three post-grafting generations. The seed Cd contents in the first, second, and third post-grafting generations were 15.00%, 9.46%, and 12.44%, respectively, lower in the TG than UG treatments. The seed Cd contents in the first, second, and third post-grafting generations were 32.73%, 27.03%, and 32.22%, respectively, lower in the DG than UG treatments. Different grafting methods promoted growth and decreased Cd accumulation to different degrees in three post-grafting generations. Grafting seedlings at different developmental stages had the strongest effects.

Effects of different rootstocks on cadmium accumulation characteristics of the post-grafting generations of Galinsoga parviflora

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different rootstocks on the cadmium (Cd) accumulation characteristics of the post-grafting generations of Cd-hyperaccumulator Galinsoga parviflora plants. Five treatments, ungrafted and G. parviflora seedlings grafted on the rootstocks of Kalimeris indica, Senecio scandens, Conyza canadensis, and Artemisia sieversiana, were utilized. The four rootstock grafts decreased the shoot biomass of the G. parviflora post-grafting generation compared with ungrafted. The K. indica and S. scandens grafts increased the Cd concentration in shoots of the G. parviflora post-grafting generation by 15.06% and 14.40%, respectively, compared with ungrafted, while the C. canadensis and A. sieversiana grafts had no significant effects. K. indica grafts increased the amount of Cd extracted by shoots of the G. parviflora post-grafting generation by 10.59% compared with ungrafted, while the other treatments resulted in decreases. Compared with ungrafted, the different rootstocks had no significant effects on the photosynthetic pigment content of the G. parviflora post-grafting generation, and only C. canadensis grafts increased the superoxide dismutase activity level, while only K. indica grafts increased the peroxidase activity level. Therefore, the K. indica rootstock could increase the phytoremediation capability of G. parviflora post-grafted plants grown in Cd-contaminated soil.

Self-rooted grafting influences the growth and cadmium accumulation characteristics in the post generation of Cosmos sulphureus

To determine whether self-rooted grafting increases the cadmium (Cd) accumulation in post generations of hyperaccumulator or accumulator plants, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of self-rooted grafting on growth and Cd accumulation in the post generation of the accumulator plant Cosmos sulphureus. Four treatments were applied in the experiment with soil Cd concentration of 5 mg kg-1: ungrafted (UG), self-rooted grafting of the same C. sulphureus seedling (SG), self-rooted grafting of two C. sulphureus seedlings at the same growth stage (TG), and self-rooted grafting of two C. sulphureus seedlings at different developmental stages (DG). Compared with those of UG plants, the SG, TG, and DG treatments increased the root, stem, leaf, and shoot biomasses of plants in the post-grafting generation, consistent with the rank order DG > TG > SG > UG. The SG, TG, and DG treatments decreased the Cd contents in different organs of the post-grafting generation compared with those of UG plants. Only DG increased Cd extraction by the shoots in the post-grafting generation, which was increased by 6.28% compared with that of the UG treatment. In addition, SG, TG, and DG increased the photosynthetic pigment contents and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities in the post-grafting generation compared with those of the UG treatment. Thus, self-rooted grafting promoted growth of C. sulphureus plants in the post generation. The DG treatment increased Cd extraction by C. sulphureus plants in the post-grafting generation, which may be exploited for phytoremediation of urban Cd-contaminated soil.

Effects of mutual grafting on cadmium accumulation in post-grafting generations of two Bidens pilosa ecotypes

ABSTRACTThe effects of mutual grafting on cadmium (Cd) accumulation in post-grafting generations of two Bidens pilosa ecotypes (farmland and mining) were studied in a pot experiment involving the following: ungrafted farmland ecotype (F-CK), the farmland ecotype as the rootstock (F-Rootstock), the farmland ecotype as the scion (F-Scion), ungrafted mining ecotype (M-CK), the mining ecotype as the rootstock (M-Rootstock), and the mining ecotype as the scion (M-Scion). The mutual grafting increased the shoot biomass and photosynthetic pigment contents (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid) of the post-grafting generations of both ecotypes, with F-Scion and M-Rootstock producing the highest values in their respective ecotypes. However, mutual grafting had no significant effect on the root and shoot Cd contents of the post-grafting generations. Additionally, mutual grafting increased the Cd extraction by the shoots of the post-grafting generations of farmland and mining ecotypes, with the F-Scion and M-Rootstock values 33.94% and 24.07% higher than those of F-CK and M-CK, respectively. Therefore, the mutual grafting of the two ecotypes promoted the growth and ability to extract Cd (phytoremediation ability) of post-grafting B. pilosa generations. Moreover, the farmland ecotype as scion and mining ecotype as rootstock was the best combination.

Effects of intercropping with post-grafting generation of Impatiens balsamina on potassium uptake of grape seedlings under cadmium stress

Grape seedlings and post-grafting generation of Impatiens balsamina were used as materials to intercrop for exploring the effects of the potassium uptake of grape seedling under the stress of cadmium. There were five treatments in this experiment including one grape seedling monoculture and four intercropping treatments. According to the results, the testing indicated that the content of total potassium in leaf, stem and root of seedling and soil available potassium in grape seedling monoculture were all higher than that in intercropping treatments, and the content was all ranked as: grape seedling intercropping with PSSG < intercropping with PSDG < intercropping with PSG < intercropping with UG < grape seedling monoculture. In terms of soil available potassium, the content had no significant difference when grape seedling intercropped with PSSG, PSDG and PSG. So while intercropping with Impatiens balsamina of post-grafting generation, the total potassium and soil available content could not increase. On the contrary, it decreased. Therefore, intercropping treatment did not play a positive role in potassium uptake and had no significant promoting effects on plant growth and development.