Post-earthquake Recovery Research Articles

Mode selection of post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction of traditional villages using dependency analytic process: taking Xiluo-Buzi village in the 2022 M6.8 Luding earthquake as an example.

Traditional villages are precious historical and cultural heritage sites. The selection of post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction (PERR) mode directly affects the village cultural heritage protection and the development direction of post-disaster reconstruction. A scientific and comprehensive feasibility evaluation for selecting the PERR mode of traditional villages can provide sufficient evidence for the recovery efforts in earthquake-stricken villages. The author summarizes three PERR modes and constructs an evaluation index system for the selection of PERR modes of traditional villages. Based on the interrelationship of the indicators, the author has preliminarily established the Dependency Analytic Process (DAP), Based on this method, a model of traditional village PERR mode selection is constructed, and an empirical analysis is carried out in the case of the earthquake-stricken area of Xieluo-buzi Village in 2022 M6.8 Luding earthquake, to discuss the selection of PERR modes of traditional villages. The authors have explored the application of the DAP in the selection of PERR modes for traditional villages and verified the effectiveness of the method. Since a large amount of actual research work is required to conduct an assessment, it is believed that with the widespread applications of the DAP, its superiority and practicality will be further demonstrated. The protection of traditional villages is a dynamic protection process, in which the will of the indigenous people is respected, the social network of the indigenous people is maintained, and the fair rights of the indigenous people to participate in the implementation of the project and to enjoy the preferential policies and resource benefits are guaranteed, as they are the real main body of the heritage protection, so that the traditional village ethnic heritage can be inherited and developed permanently in the protection. DAP is applicable to the comprehensive evaluation of multiple factors, particularly in situations where the importance of the indicators is difficult to be distinguished from each other. This is a new method to determine the weight vector, which has a broad application prospect.

Transportation Resilience Modeling and Bridge Reconstruction Planning Based on Time-Evolving Travel Demand during Post-Earthquake Recovery Period

After major earthquakes, communities may experience time-evolving population in terms of size and distribution, and varying travel demands, along with the displacement and recovery of residents caused by the damage and restoration of dwelling units. Community transportation can be significantly affected if the changes in population size and distribution are considerable. As a result, the post-earthquake infrastructure reconstruction process is essentially like urban replanning to meet the realistic traffic needs of the remaining and recovering residents and further maximize the sustainability of the community. To fill the gap in existing studies that considered the travel demand as fixed during the long-term recovery stage, it is important to investigate the effects of time-evolving travel demand on transportation resilience modeling and bridge reconstruction planning during the post-earthquake recovery period. A new methodology is proposed to analyze such impact by assessing the time-dependent resilience performance of transportation networks during the post-earthquake recovery stage. Traffic efficiency and safety are the two resilience performance indicators used to evaluate the transportation network. Post-earthquake infrastructure restoration planning is conducted using a heuristic algorithm based on the time-dependent resilience performance indicator. A demonstrative case study is carried out at Shelby County, Tennessee.

Numerical study of seismic performance of steel-concrete composite rigid-frame bridge with precast segmental CFDST piers crossing fault-rupture zones

Although seismic performance of bridges crossing fault-rupture zones has been studied in recent two decades, there is still no effective solution to mitigate the hazard of fault-crossing effect. Recently, a new type of post-tensioned precast segmental (PTPS) concrete-filled double skin steel tube (CFDST), known as PTPS-CFDST column, has been proposed and verified to exhibit excellent performance with respect to seismic resilience. Moreover, PTPS-CFDST columns can accommodate torsional deformation through joint slip and are thus considered as a promising structural solution for bridges crossing fault-rupture zones. This study aims to investigate the performance of a steel–concrete composite rigid-frame bridge (SCCRFB) with PTPS-CFDST piers subjected to across-fault ground motions through numerical simulations. Two detailed three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) bridge models are developed using the explicit FE code LS-DYNA. In particular, Bridge 1 uses the new PTPS-CFDST pier, while Bridge 2 serves as a reference model with monolithic CFDST piers. Two types of across-fault ground motions with strike- and dip-slip mechanisms are used as seismic inputs, and the influence of fling-step is parametrically investigated. Structural responses, including the global seismic responses, seismic damages, energy absorption, and local joint slip and opening, are systematically discussed. The numerical results indicate that, compared to the monolithic CFDST piers, PTPS-CFDST piers exhibit advantages in terms of seismic resilience, with lower damage and outstanding self-centering performance, which facilitates post-earthquake recovery after experiencing across-fault ground motions. This study provides valuable references for the seismic design of bridges with PTPS-CFDST piers crossing fault-rupture zones.

Seismic resistance of post-tensioned bridge column improving post-earthquake recovery

This study aims to improve the recovery of bridge columns after being damaged subjected to an earthquake and also proposes a PC column that reduces residual displacement by prestressing. The proposed column has a repairability of the damaged part of the column by arranging a concrete-filled steel tube at the column core. The seismic performance and post-earthquake recovery of the proposed columns were verified by conducting cyclic loading tests. Test results showed that the residual displacement was not reduced enough to improve the post-earthquake recovery. However, after investigating the column core at the end of the test, almost no visible damage, such as fracture or buckling, was found in the steel tube at the core, which means that the concrete-filled steel tube core itself can support the structure above. Therefore, the proposed system can be repaired quickly after being damaged if the residual displacement can be reduced.

Critical factors to succeed in post-earthquake housing reconstruction in Iran

Iran has experienced significant earthquakes in the last three decades, which have caused significant damage and losses to Iranian society. Housing reconstruction is the most important and problematic issue in post-earthquake recovery programs in Iran. Delays in the provision, excess costs, and unexpected housing quality often cause the community's dissatisfaction with reconstruction programs. This research aims to study past experiences of housing reconstruction in Iran to identify critical success factors (CSFs) and ameliorate recovery programs in the future.For this purpose, three reconstruction sites for housing reconstruction in Iran are examined using a sequential mixed method. In this study, semi-structured interviews with experts were followed by a questionnaire survey. Thematic analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze qualitative and quantitative data.The results indicate 39 CSFs of housing reconstruction projects in Iran. They were categorized into four main themes, including “risk reduction,” “community participation,” “organizational design and procurement,” and “housing design and implementation.” These results are valuable because they are obtained by analyzing the opinions of experts and specialists who have been directly involved in Iran's most significant reconstruction projects in the last three decades. The study contributes to theory by providing a post-earthquake housing reconstruction model and contributes to practice by providing valuable tools and recommendations for stakeholders, and government officials to ensure the planning, designing, and implementation of successful housing reconstruction projects.

Post-earthquake building assessments

Major seismic events occurring around urban centres often cause widespread damage to the building stock. Engineers are then required to perform safety inspections of these buildings. This process may be time-consuming and can cause residents or businesses to be displaced for a considerable duration even if the building is safe to occupy. Furthermore, other post-earthquake recovery phases, such as repair and demolition/reconstruction works, may not even initiate until the building inspection phase is complete. As such, the disruptions caused by post-earthquake inspection need to be considered when modelling building occupancy/functionality downtime. This study uses the data obtained from the 2011 Christchurch earthquake to develop a post-earthquake inspection duration quantification model. Firstly, the duration of the rapid assessment phase is estimated from the number of damaged buildings to be assessed, the total number of available engineers, and the median time needed for assessing each building. Secondly, the probability of a building being assigned a certain colour tag (White, Yellow or Red) is derived based on the extent of damage. Finally, both sets of information are combined to quantify the post-earthquake inspection duration. A case study is examined to demonstrate the application of the proposed model.

Railway operation recovery method of regional high-speed railway based on optimal resilience after earthquakes

Suffer from a destructive earthquake, the normal operation of the high-speed railway (HSR) system would be interrupted, and infrastructure outage and the demand for special trains for disaster relief would both come to the HSR system. The paper proposes a Railway operation Recovery method based on Optimal Resilience after earthquakes (RROR) as a process to improve the operation of the HSR system after earthquakes. It combines train rescheduling and individual passenger rerouting. Based on the maximum capacity of the HSR infrastructure including main tracks and arrival-departure tracks in stations, it formulates the optimal scheme for the rerouting of passengers and rescheduling of the originally planned trains, additional passenger trains, and special trains for disaster relief, and captures the time-related network performance during the post-earthquake recovery period. The rolling horizon approach (RHA) is introduced as a solution to large-scale RROR. The performance of the proposed method has been demonstrated in the case of the HSR network in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) of China.

Seismic resilience evaluation of water distribution systems considering hydraulic and water quality performance

The resilience evaluation of infrastructures provides an essential basis for resilience enhancement and disaster mitigation in urban communities. This study presents a seismic resilience evaluation framework of water distribution systems (WDSs) that integrates hydraulic with water quality simulation. The seismic damage scenarios of WDSs are generated according to the seismic fragility model of pipelines and Monte Carlo simulation, and the post-earthquake recovery of pipeline damages is simulated by a dynamic importance-based recovery sequence. The negative influence of earthquake hazards on water quality is investigated by the reduction of chlorine concentration in water, which depends on the changes in water age and supply path caused by pipeline damages. The water quality performance of WDSs is measured by the residual chlorine concentration at user nodes, and two water quality performance indexes, namely, the water supply that meets the quality threshold requirements and the water supply without quality deterioration after the earthquake. The proposed framework is implemented in three benchmark WDSs with different layouts and operational features. Application results show that the water quality resilience of WDSs tends to be lower than that of hydraulic services, and the relative difference in system resilience loss between the water quality and hydraulic service performance ranges from 17% to 286%, which varied according to the layout of WDSs. The water source redundancy, and not the loop pattern of the pipeline network, has crucial impacts on the water quality resilience of WDSs after an earthquake event.

F-RecN + iRe-CoDeS: Computational framework for regional recovery simulation using advanced building recovery models

Disaster recovery models are essential for informed decision-making towards improving the disaster resilience of communities. Development of recovery models in the past decade took two, mostly independent, directions: one focused on building-level recovery modeling, and the other focused on modeling regional post-disaster recovery. This study aims to bridge the gap between the two post-disaster recovery modeling levels by providing a method for information exchange between the building-level and region-level recovery models. The implementation of such data exchange is done through application programming interfaces (APIs). First, API/I defines the information provided by building-level recovery models to the regional recovery model, labelled as PADDs: Preceding Activities, Demand and Duration for each recovery activity of all damaged buildings. Then, regional recovery model uses the PADDs to simulate the recovery of buildings while accounting for regional resource constraints, and then feeds back the recovery activity progress to the building-level recovery models through the API/O to generate building-level functional recovery curves. The result of this integration is a new post-disaster recovery framework, F-RecN + iRe-CoDeS, developed by integrating the building-level F-Rec recovery framework with the regional iRe-CoDeS recovery framework. The post-earthquake recovery of a set of buildings characteristic of the downtown Los Angeles region is used to illustrate the proposed integrated framework.

Noncompliance with Hypertension Treatment and Related Factors among Kumamoto Earthquake Victims Who Experienced the COVID-19 Pandemic during Postearthquake Recovery Period.

Survivors of the Kumamoto earthquake of 2016 experienced the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak while carrying additional burdens that might bring inadequate coping. This cross-sectional survey aimed to identify untreated and interrupted consultations among those with hypertension and related factors and to identify the disaster's long-term effects. Of the 19,212 earthquake survivors who had moved to permanent housing, 7367 (4196 women and 3171 men, mean age 61.8 ± 17.3 years) completed a self-administered questionnaire. The prevalence of hypertension was 41.4%. The results of the logistic regression analysis with the significant independent variables in the bivariate analysis were: reduced income due to COVID-19 (AOR = 3.23, 95%CI = 2.27-4.58) and poor self-rated health (AOR = 2.49, 95%CI = 1.72-3.61) were associated with a risk of untreated or discontinued treatment. Moreover, living in rental, public or restoration public housing was also significantly associated with a higher risk of hypertension noncompliance (AOR = 1.92, 95%CI = 1.20-3.07; AOR = 2.47, 95%CI = 1.38-4.42; AOR = 4.12, 95%CI = 1.14-14.90). These results suggest that changes due to COVID-19, the extent of self-rated health and the type of permanent housing influence the hypertension consulting behaviour of earthquake survivors during recovery. It is crucial to implement long-term public support for the mental health, income and housing concerns of the survivors.

Fostering recovery through stakeholders-community collaboration in post-earthquake recovery in Nepal

The roles of stakeholders from governmental and non-governmental sectors and groups within the communities have been praised as facilitators for effective response and recovery. However, various stakeholders involved in post-2015 Nepal Earthquakes' recovery initiatives reported challenges in understanding the changing community needs and developing trustable relationships with people resulting in low levels of community engagement. This study examines stakeholders' opportunities and challenges when engaging local people in implementing recovery projects with social capital lenses by analysing interactions between multiple stakeholders and disaster-affected communities. The research used a qualitative method, including 23 semi-structured interviews with representatives from government agencies, NGOs, community organisations and volunteers involved in different initiatives toward post-earthquake recovery. The findings from this study present multiple scenarios of community-stakeholders interactions creating opportunities and barriers for people-centred recovery. Even though gender equity remains a contentious issue, acknowledging the nature of stakeholders’ relationships with disaster-affected communities and their roles in promoting community leadership and inclusion creates trustable connections that enable long-term engagement and build resilience beyond disaster recovery. Understanding these complexities is crucial in undertaking community-based disaster management initiatives, promoting long-term community engagement and fostering resilience beyond disaster recovery.

Challenges in post-earthquake recovery of damaged and neglected buildings in Christchurch CBD

More than a decade since the 22 February 2011 earthquake devastated Christchurch CBD, partially demolished and neglected buildings remain present in the post-earthquake landscape. Christchurch City Council has made significant progress in recent years to reduce the level of neglected buildings across the central parts of the city. To encourage remediation of these buildings, the Council initiated the Barrier Sites programme to keep track of central city sites. This paper documents the current inventory of derelict properties and investigates issues that are delaying progress on these sites. We explore regulatory levers that can be used to influence action on these buildings (e.g. provisions in the Building Act and council bylaws). We also investigate how the local market drivers influence the speed of regeneration. Our review identifies gaps in the regulatory powers to act on barrier sites. Taking action involves meeting difficult definitions and tests under legislation and/or taking court proceedings. Specific legislative tools are needed to provide Councils with the powers they need to ensure action is taken on barrier sites to progress the regeneration of the city after a disaster. We also find that the delays in removing the cordon and uncertainties of the public sector anchor projects contained in the Blueprint have led to the loss of private investment and forced central city developments compete with more affordable commercial and residential offerings outside the CBD. With the passing of the 10-year anniversary of the earthquakes, this project offers a timely reminder of the mammoth struggles that the city has overcome evident in the numerous modern and resilient buildings, yet a few ‘battle sites’ slow the much-needed regeneration towards a resilient city centre.

Experimental study of precast self-centering concrete shear walls with external friction dampers

Self-centering walls perform relatively well in reducing structural damage and residual deformation owing to the joint rocking mechanism. Nevertheless, drawbacks of the self-centering walls were limited robustness and redundancy, thus sufficient dissipating capacity is essential for improving stiffness, reducing seismic response, and controlling structural collapse. Among all these dampers used in self-centering systems in previous studies, slip-friction dampers are highly preferred because of their simplicity, perfect rigid-plastic hysteresis characteristic, large stroke, and stable dissipating capacity. After the earthquake ceases, friction force can be eliminated by loosening the tightening bolts to help facilitate post-earthquake recovery, and it is convenient to be replaced or repaired. In the present study, experiments of asymmetric friction dampers with brass-steel interfaces were conducted. To obtain the optimal characteristics for stable dissipating, different configurations of slip-friction dampers were designed and tested. The friction dampers were further installed vertically at the base rocking joint of the self-centering shear walls, and the performance of the walls was studied under horizontal quasi-static cyclic loading. Application of the friction dampers significantly increases the energy dissipating capacity and the post-yield stiffness. The energy dissipating ratio improved up to 81.2% compared to rocking walls with no additional damping. Damage was limited to the brass shims in friction dampers, while wall specimens were able to exhibit up to 3.0% horizontal drift without cracks, degradation, and significant concrete damage at the boundary elements. An average maximum residual drift of both positive and negative directions observed at the end of the test was 0.415% at 3.0% horizontal drift, that major structural realignment is not required, and repair of the structure is practically feasible.

An ontology-based probabilistic framework for comprehensive seismic risk evaluation of subway stations by combining Monte Carlo simulation

The development of subways is currently at its peak and underground structures including subway stations are being constructed on a large scale. However, previous research on seismic risk evaluation of underground structures mainly focuses on the analysis of influencing factors and seismic fragility. There is a lack of research on comprehensive automated seismic risk evaluation from a macro perspective based on economic losses, casualties, disaster relief costs and post-earthquake recovery time etc. The emergence of semantic web technologies provides an effective way for multi-objective automated seismic risk evaluation of subway stations. This paper aims to develop a framework for comprehensive seismic risk evaluation of subway stations based on Monte Carlo simulation and ontology theory. In the developed framework, the seismic risk probabilities of subway stations are determined using Monte Carlo simulation. Taking economic losses, casualties, disaster relief costs and post-earthquake recovery time as indicators, an ontology-based model for seismic risk evaluation of subway stations is then developed by combining the knowledge base and the semantic web rules to achieve automated evaluations. A case study is also conducted to demonstrate the practicability of the proposed framework and further validate the semantic web rule language and the semantic query-enhanced web rule language

Seismic loss and resilience assessment of tall-coupled cross-laminated timber wall building

Balloon-type cross-laminated timber coupled-wall (CLT-CW) structure is an emerging and sustainable option for constructing tall timber buildings. The structure features buckling restrained brace (BRB) hold-downs, balloon-type CLT walls, and coupling beams with replaceable shear links. This study investigates the probabilistic seismic performance (including economic loss, downtime, and resilience index) of a 20-story CLT-CW building. A three-dimensional (3D) structural model is developed to perform incremental dynamic analysis using 30 pairs of ground motion records that represent the seismicity of Vancouver, Canada. Intensity- and time-based loss assessments are conducted to estimate probability distributions of seismic losses according to the FEMA P-58 methodology. Post-earthquake recovery trajectories of the housing function are also presented to calculate the seismic resilience indices under different intensities. The results reveal that the coupling beams contribute the most to repair cost among all structural components. In light of the replaceability and energy dissipating role of coupling beams, the efficiency and resiliency of the CLT-CW building are validated.

Resilience-Based Sequential Recovery Planning for Substations Subjected to Earthquakes

Electrical substations are crucial components in a power system while substation equipment can be easily damaged in an earthquake. Repairing the damaged equipment as soon as possible is essential to restore the functionality of the substation system and further secure the sustainable power supply of the power grid after the earthquake. However, the damaged equipment cannot be repaired simultaneously due to the limitation of emergency repair resources, and the recovery rate of the substation functionality will vary dramatically depending on the selection of different equipment repair sequences. Therefore, a sensible equipment repair sequence is needed to improve the recovery efficiency of the substation functionality. A resilience-based method was thus proposed in this paper to optimize the equipment repair sequence with the objective of minimizing the resilience index of the substation, which was defined as the post-earthquake overall functionality loss. The heuristic algorithm was incorporated into the systemic resilience assessment framework to find the optimal equipment repair sequence according to different initial damage states of equipment and the limitation of emergency repair resources. A case study was performed on a real-world substation system to illustrate and verify the proposed method, the analysis results can aid decision-makers in the post-earthquake recovery planning.

Post-earthquake recover strategy for substations based on seismic resilience evaluation

Electrical substations need a sufficient amount of time to repair damaged equipment and restore power after an earthquake. Yet, the devastation and danger inherent in an earthquake requires fastest return to power possible; thus, finding better methods to improve the efficiency of post-earthquake emergency recover is an urgent issue. This paper presents a rapid seismic resilience assessment framework which combines a network model and functional time-varying feature. The authors developed a dual-dimensional functional network model of a typical 220 kV substation built with an emphasis on its connectivity capabilities and the power transmission capacity of its equipment. The model’s rapid function status was evaluated based on its network dependence on Bayesian network nodes. The authors’ post-earthquake iterative analysis focuses on resource constraint and power user importance. This article shows how the authors obtained the stepped functional time-varying function as a basis for quantification in the post-earthquake recovery process and provides a seismic resilience analysis of the electrical substation. The multi-objective heuristic optimization algorithm was developed to determine an optimal post-earthquake multi-level repair strategy for substation post-earthquake recovery and to determine substation’s seismic resilience levels.

Simulation and factor analysis for post-earthquake recovery of densely populated urban residential communities in China

Post-earthquake recovery simulation is crucial for resilient community planning, and different interconnected factors are required to be considered holistically. To identify the key infrastructural characteristics affecting the recovery of densely populated urban residential communities (URCs) in China, a comprehensive methodology for resilience assessment and analysis is established on a systematic integration of multiple analysis tools (e.g. population-based functionality indicators, post-earthquake recovery simulations, and infrastructural dependence analyses). The methodology can consider the dependence among residential buildings, supporting buildings, and utility networks, as well as the relationships between their functionalities and resident outmigration; it also includes infrastructural repair sequences to allow flexible repair plans to be simulated. A case study is employed to conduct a factor analysis to clarify the impacts of three important infrastructural characteristics. Results show that improvements on the seismic performance of residential buildings facilitate recovery more significantly than utility networks, and the use of redundant utility pipelines can hardly impact the recovery of URCs. In long-term community recoveries, utility networks play more important role due to the cascading effects arising from the extension of repair durations. The proposed methodology can promote the understanding of community recovery, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of identifying key factors.

Experimental study on the cyclic behaviors of an innovative lead-viscoelastic coupling beam damper (LVCBD)

Previous researches showed that the replaceable coupling beam damper (RCBD) can effectively enhance the seismic performance of shear wall structures. However, the extensively studied metallic-type RCBD has poor fatigue performance, while the viscoelastic-type RCBD is sensitive to the loading frequency. To overcome the drawbacks of the RCBD mentioned above, this paper proposes a novel RCBD, i.e., the lead-viscoelastic coupling beam damper (LVCBD), which is not only independent of the loading frequency, but also has better fatigue performance with good energy dissipation capacity. The proposed LVCBD mainly consists of three components, i.e., the lead rods, composite viscoelastic layers and steel plates. Taking advantages of the hyper-elasticity property of rubber and the dynamic recrystallization capability of lead, the combined effects from the rubber and lead make the LVCBD reusable after a severe earthquake, and facilitate the post-earthquake recovery with less or without replacement of the RCBD. To examine the performance of the proposed novel damper, three specimens were manufactured and cyclic loading tests were carried out. The influences of the loading amplitude, loading frequency and fatigue loading on the mechanical properties of the specimen were systematically investigated and discussed. Experimental results indicated that the LVCBD showed a favorable deformation capability, frequency-independent performance, fatigue resistance and stable energy dissipation capacity under cyclic loading.

The earthquake environmental effects (EEEs) of the 6th February 2018, Hualien earthquake (Mw=6.4): A contribution to the seismic hazard estimation in the epicentral area

The macroseismic intensity of the February 6, 2018, Mw 6.4, Hualien earthquake, which caused extensive damage around the Hualien area of eastern Taiwan is reassessed using the Environmental Seismic Intensity (ESI-07) scale. We compiled data on earthquake environmental effects (EEEs) caused by the 2018 Hualien earthquake, which includes surface ruptures, ground cracks, liquefaction, and occasional landslides, and estimated the epicentral intensity (I0) as well as site-specific intensities. We found that the ESI-07 epicentral intensity of the Hualien quake in 2018 is IX. We note that the epicentral area of the 2018 Hualien earthquake was the mesoseismal area of the October 22, 1951, (Mw 6.6) Hualien earthquake, as reported in primary contemporary sources and historical earthquake catalogs. The 1951 Hualien earthquakes also caused prominent surface ruptures, liquefaction, and ground cracks. Consequently, we reassess the macroseismic intensities of this historical seismic event and compare it to the Hualien earthquake in 2018. The comparison suggests similar epicentral intensities for the two earthquakes (IX and X ESI-07). Moreover, we conducted a systematic comparison between intensity obtained using different scales which revealed the differences of two to three degrees between the ESI-07 and traditional intensity scales. This result reconfirms the significance of documentation and recording of earthquake environmental effects to make intensity assessments for modern seismic events consistent with the historical earthquake records. Moreover, a re-evaluation of historical earthquake intensity in eastern Taiwan could be performed in order to update the seismic hazard map. Application of the ESI-07 intensity scale of recent and historical earthquakes will be helpful in post-earthquake recovery efforts for a future earthquake. The prepared ShakeMaps from the ESI-07 values suggests completely different shapes to the previously generated ShakeMaps considering the peak ground acceleration or peak ground velocity. It suggests that the ShakeMaps prepared from the earthquake environmental effects can be complemented with the instrumental based intensity map to have a better seismic hazard prediction and future land use planning for the region.