Post-earthquake Disaster Research Articles

Counselors’ assessment of psycho-social work in post-earthquake disaster zones: Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye

Counselors’ assessment of psycho-social work in post-earthquake disaster zones: Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye

Identifying the Characteristics and Implications of Post-Earthquake Debris Flow Events Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Images

Strong earthquakes often bring amounts of loose material, disrupting the balance of material transportation within a watershed and severely impacting the restoration of the ecological environment and human safety downstream. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the frequency and scale of these debris flow events, as well as to explore their long-term development and impact on internal and external channels. Using multi-source remote sensing images from four perspectives, hillslope, channel, accumulation fan, and their relationship with the mainstream, we reconstructed a debris flow event dataset from 2008 to 2020, explored a method for identifying these events, and analyzed their impacts on channels and accumulation fans in Mozi Gully affected by the Wenchuan earthquake. Loose matter was predominantly found in areas proximate to the channel and at lower elevations during debris flow events. Alterations in channel width, accumulation fans downstream, and their potential to obstruct rivers proved to be vital for identifying the large scale of debris flow event. Finally, we encapsulated the evolution patterns and constraints of post-earthquake debris flows. Determination in frequency and scale could offer valuable supplementary data for scenario hypothesis parameters in post-earthquake disaster engineering prevention and control.

Evaluation of landslides susceptibility in Southeastern Tibet considering seismic sensitivity

Southeastern Tibet features a complex geological environment and a high incidence of earthquakes. Earthquake-induced chain disasters pose a great threat to engineering construction and public safety in this area, and landslides are among the most frequent postearthquake disasters. To investigate the impact of earthquakes on landslides, this study constructed a comprehensive database for landslide susceptibility analysis based on various factors, including elevation, slope, slope direction, distances from roads and rivers, proximity to faults, land use patterns, rainfall patterns, and seismic parameters. By integrating the frequency ratio (FR) model with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model, this work delineated landslide susceptibility zones in southeastern Tibet. Subsequently, the susceptibility zoning layer was overlaid with the magnitude sensitivity layer and validated using ROC curve analysis to identify the earthquake magnitudes that exerted the greatest influence on landslides. Finally, by incorporating the distance from earthquake epicentres into our refined model framework, different monitoring levels for landslide susceptibility zoning were established. The AHP results show the relative importance of the landslide-influencing factors in southeastern Tibet can be ranked as follows: elevation, slope direction, distance from road, land use, distance from river, slope, and rainfall. The ROC values of the landslide models with seismic sensitivities of 1, 2 and 3 are 0.876, 0.883 and 0.877, respectively, indicating that earthquakes of magnitude 4 and above have a great influence on landslides in the study area. Through the overlay of the landslide susceptibility zoning map and the vector map of distance from seismic focal points, a correlation with the distance between landslide-prone areas and seismic focal points is identified. Within the extremely high susceptibility area and within 40 km of the focal point, there are 220 landslide points, accounting for approximately 34 % of the total landslides in the study area. Additionally, 133 landslide points are located in the extremely susceptible area and within 40–80 km of the focal point, representing approximately 20 % of the total landslides in the study area. The susceptible areas were assessed based on grades, resulting in the production of 4 maps depicting different levels of monitoring for landslide-prone areas. These maps are valuable tools for implementing landslide disaster prevention measures within the study area.

Analysis of emergency assembly points for post-earthquake disaster management: a case study of Erzincan, Türkiye

The selection of emergency assembly points within the urban area holds significant importance for ensuring swift and effective intervention in the aftermath of a potential disaster until temporary shelter areas are prepared. In both historical and instrumental periods, Erzincan (Türkiye) has experienced major earthquakes resulting in significant loss of life and property. The likelihood of similar earthquakes occurring in Erzincan in the future remains high. Therefore, it is necessary to identify safe areas where people can assemble after an earthquake, moving away from hazardous zones. The aim of this study is to analyse the capacities and adequacies of emergency assembly points, which constitute a step in disaster management and enhance the earthquake resilience of the city, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based on selected criteria (accessibility, spatial distribution, proximity to healthcare facilities, size, capacity adequacy, and proximity to fault avoidance zones), and to propose solutions. The assessment revealed that the available assembly points are not homogeneously distributed throughout the city and are inadequate to meet the available building and population density. Therefore, in addition to the available 38 emergency assembly points, 67 new alternative emergency assembly points have been identified. The proposed emergency assembly points (in the 75–100% range) increased the number of neighborhoods within the 250 m service area by 43.75% and 42.5% for 500 m.The findings underscore the necessity for more comprehensive and effective planning for Erzincan in the event of a potential disaster or emergency.

Incremental dynamic analysis of SRC frame-bent structures in CAP1400 NPP

Under the earthquake, the collapse or damage of buildings would result in significant casualties and economic losses. Especially when essential lifeline projects such as nuclear power plants and thermal power plants were affected by earthquakes, they also resulted in severe consequences, such as the paralysis of urban functions, delays in post-earthquake disaster relief, and social chaos. In this paper, the conventional island steam turbine main building of the CAP1400 nuclear power plant (NPP) in Shidaowan, Shandong Province was taken as the research object, and the seismic performance of the main building structure of the SRC frame-bent was studied by using the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method. Firstly, the dynamic characteristics of the substructure of the steel reinforced concrete (SRC) frame-bent main building structure were obtained by experiments. Then, the prototype structure model of the main building was established and verified with the experimental results. Finally, 15 natural ground motions were selected and the corresponding torsional components were calculated. With peak ground acceleration (PGA) and Sa (T1, ξ) as IM indicators, top displacement of structure (Dt) and maximum inter-story drift ratio (θmax) as engineering demand parameters (EDP) parameters, the IDA of the structure were carried out, and the IDA curve cluster and percentile curve of the structure under multidimensional ground motion were obtained. The results show that the discreteness of the IDA curve cluster with Dt-Sa index was relatively small compared with the other three groups; the discreteness of the IDA curve cluster with Dt-PGA as the index was large. In addition, the results of the IDA conducted on the SRC frame-bent main building structure with PGA as an intensity measure (IM) parameter were deemed more conservative.

Rapid determination of seismic influence field based on mobile communication big data-A case study of the Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake in Sichuan, China.

Smartphone location data provide the most direct field disaster distribution data with low cost and high coverage. The large-scale continuous sampling of mobile device location data provides a new way to estimate the distribution of disasters with high temporal-spatial resolution. On September 5, 2022, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake struck Luding County, Sichuan Province, China. We quantitatively analyzed the Ms 6.8 earthquake from both temporal and geographic dimensions by combining 1,806,100 smartphone location records and 4,856 spatial grid locations collected through communication big data with the smartphone data under 24-hour continuous positioning. In this study, the deviation of multidimensional mobile terminal location data is estimated, and a methodology to estimate the distribution of out-of-service communication base stations in the disaster area by excluding micro error data users is explored. Finally, the mathematical relationship between the seismic intensity and the corresponding out-of-service rate of communication base stations is established, which provides a new technical concept and means for the rapid assessment of post-earthquake disaster distribution.

Evaluation of regional government policies in handling post-earthquake disaster

Disasters have had a huge impact both physically, psychologically and socially, the magnitude of the impact caused by these disasters means it is necessary to develop communities that have the ability to organize, learn and adapt in facing disasters. The aim of this research is to identify and describe the evaluation of the impact and behavior of the community on economic conditions after the earthquake disaster and to find out the local government's public policy in handling this case. Using qualitative methods with a case study approach, literature study, and secondary data processing from various social elements. Apart from that, data collection was carried out by interviewing sources who felt the direct impact of the earthquake disaster. The research results show that the impact of the post-earthquake disaster felt by the community is generally in the "severe" classification. The socio-economic conditions of the community cover several aspects, starting from geographical conditions that are in disaster-prone zones, health conditions are very worrying after the disaster. The conclusions of this research show that the consequences of the earthquake disaster are considered quite large, which has an impact on the regional economy. Damage to infrastructure combined with a backlog of logistics in supply warehouses means that goods that should be distributed cannot be carried out properly.

Emergency Logistics Facilities Location Dual-Objective Modeling in Uncertain Environments

The uncertainty of post-earthquake disaster situations can affect the efficiency of rescue site selection, material, and personnel dispatching, as well as the sustainability of related resources. It is crucial for decision-makers to make decisions to mitigate risks. This paper first presents a dual-objective model for locating emergency logistics facilities, taking into account location costs, human resource scheduling costs, transportation time, and uncertainties in demand and road conditions. Then, stochastic programming and robust optimization methods are utilized to cater to decision-makers with varying risk preferences. A risk-preference-based stochastic programming model is introduced to handle the potential risks of extreme disasters. Additionally, robust models are constructed for two uncertain environments. Finally, the study uses the Wenchuan earthquake as a case study for the pre-locating of emergency logistics facilities and innovatively compares the differences in the effects of models constructed using different uncertainty methods. Experimental results indicate that changes in weight coefficients and unit transportation costs significantly impact the objective function. This paper suggests that decision-makers should balance cost and rescue efficiency by choosing appropriate weight coefficients according to the rescue stage. It also shows that risk level and robust conservatism can significantly alter the objective function. While stochastic programming models offer economic advantages, robust optimization provides better robustness.

Design of Micro Search-and-Rescue Robot System and Analysis of Its Application in Disaster Rescue

In recent years, many major natural disasters have occurred in the world, and among these major natural disasters, earthquakes are the most destructive. In the post-earthquake disaster areas, there are many ruins, which will reduce the efficiency of search and rescue and increase the risk of search and rescue. Some of the ruins were inaccessible to people, and it was difficult for search-and-rescue personnel to determine whether there were survivors. In order to improve the efficiency of search and rescue, reduce the risk of search and rescue, and reduce the investment of search-and-rescue personnel, micro search-and-rescue robots are designed. A variety of sensors are installed on the micro search-and-rescue robot for efficient search and rescue, a communication system is installed for data transmission, and a motor system is installed to overcome obstacles. This paper also discusses possible problems and proposes corresponding solutions. However, limited by existing technologies, some problems cannot be completely solved. In the future, the investment of micro search-and-rescue robots will save more lives.

Rupture process of the January 8, 2022, Menyuan M 6.9 earthquake

After the occurrence of destructively strong earthquakes, rapid acquisition of the source rupture process can provide important reference information for post-earthquake disaster relief and aftershock trend determination. An M 6.9 earthquake occurred in Menyuan County, Qinghai Province on January 8, 2022. The epicenter is located in the seismic gap in the middle section of the Haiyuan fault belt. Such a typical strong earthquake was taken as an example to investigate the rupture process of strong earthquakes. Three days after the earthquake, the InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) coseismic deformation field was obtained by Sentinel radar, indicating that the surface ruptured obviously. The southern block of the earthquake faces towards the satellite about 95 ​cm along the LOS (line of sight) direction, and the northern block is away from the satellite by ​∼ ​74 ​cm, consistent with the characteristic of left-lateral strike-slip motion. In this study, InSAR coseismic deformation data and far-field waveform data were used to jointly invert the earthquake rupture process, and a four-segment finite fault model was constructed by referring to the surface deformation. The inversion results show that the focal depth of the Menyuan earthquake is about 7 ​km, and the strike of the seismogenic fault is 89.0°, 104.0°, 119.0° and 131.0° from west to east, respectively. It is a high-dip left-lateral strike-slip earthquake event lasting about 14 ​s. The rupture propagation mode is a bilateral extension. The maximum slip along the fault is about 380 ​cm, and the seismic moment magnitude is 6.7. The surface rupture length is about 24 ​km, which is consistent with that measured in the field survey. The detailed seismic source model can provide basic data for the aftershock trend determination and seismic risk analysis of the adjacent active faults.

Deep reinforcement learning for approximate policy iteration: convergence analysis and a post-earthquake disaster response case study

Deep reinforcement learning for approximate policy iteration: convergence analysis and a post-earthquake disaster response case study

A Social Identity Model of Localized Social Media Dependency During Post-Earthquake Disaster

ABSTRACT Intra- and inter-group dynamics involving local identity have rarely been examined in media contexts. Drawing on Media System Dependency and Social Identity Perspectives, we examine the information power of localized social media (LSM) during post-earthquake disaster. The quake-affected city, Pohang in South Korea, is relatively small-sized and geographically peripheral compared to the Seoul metropolitan area. We conducted an online survey with 530 female members of Pohang Mom Noriteo, the largest Pohang-based LSM platform, which represents a high-entitativity online group. Results indicate that uncertain local identity resulting from the earthquake predicted the strengthened relation with the LSM. Notably, strong local identifiers with heightened risk perception reported a substantially reduced negative perception of Seoul-based mainstream media coverage of the earthquakes. We discuss these findings in light of the unique group status of the city, which was jeopardized by the disaster, and the essential role of mainstream media during post-disaster periods.

The Role of Information Sources on Tourist Behavior Post-Earthquake Disaster in Indonesia: A Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) Approach

The earthquake disaster has an impact on tourist visit intention. This study aims to investigate tourist behavior in the post-earthquake disaster linkage between information sources (word of mouth and electronic word of mouth) and risk perception toward tourists’ visit intentions to a destination in Indonesia. This study applies the SOR theory to predict tourists’ behavior in the destination aftermath. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model was used to examine the hypothesis of the study. The result found that information sources (electronic word of mouth and word of mouth) significantly influenced visit intention in the time of post-earthquake disaster. The risk perception has not significantly influenced visit intention in post-earthquake disasters. The discussion and conclusion of the study are discussed herein. Overall, the findings of the study may contribute to the theory by adding information sources to predict tourist behavior post-earthquake disaster and also gives a practical contribution to the tourism sector, stakeholders, tourism marketers, and policymakers in Indonesia to enhance the marketing strategy by considering destination promotion through word of mouth (offline) and electronic word of mouth (online) and its mechanism on tourists’ travel decision in the time of aftermath.

ASSISTANCE FOR DISASTER NUTRITION INTERVENTION THROUGH FOOD SUPPLY MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES, NUTRITION COUNSELING AND EDUCATION

Indonesia's geographical conditions make Indonesia a region prone to disasters, one of which is an earthquake. Cianjur Regency is one of the areas affected by an earthquake at the end of 2022. Disasters also open up opportunities for new disasters to emerge on public health status. Food and nutrition are basic needs that are important to be concerned about and focus on in handling emergencies because they determine health status. The Bangkit Village Activity Program (KKB) aims to find solutions to post-earthquake disaster nutrition management problems. This program is carried out through several activities, namely Rapid Nutritional Survey, Food Supply Management, Counseling, and Nutrition Education. The target of this activity is disaster-affected communities, especially special groups, namely infants, toddlers, pregnant women, breastfeeding, and the elderly. The results of the activities show a positive impact with the availability of data describing the health status of the community, increasing knowledge through education, exploring health problems through counseling, and quality assurance and food safety. The sustainability of the program needs to be considered by all parties involved to improve the health status of disaster-affected communities in Nagrog Village, Cigrass Village, and Cugenang District.

Proximate Analysis of Fisheries Dried Products from Mamuju Traditional Market Post-Earthquake Disaster

The earthquake in West Sulawesi that occurred in the last few months has disrupted several fishing facilities and activities. Public buildings and facilities were damaged, which caused deep trauma to the communities in Mamuju and Majene. This research was conducted during the recovery of post-earthquake conditions in Mamuju, West Sulawesi. Proximate analysis was carried out on three traditional processed products of the Mamuju community, which can be found in the traditional market of the Mamuju Seaport in the form of 2 dried anchovies and one dried shrimp product. The test results on the three products showed that the protein content was 43.22-44.03% and fat 2.92-3.14%, which indicated the quality of the processed product was quite good. Furthermore, the dried shrimp product contains protein, fat, 37.0% and 0.39%, respectively. This fishery product is quite potential for preparing nutritious food ingredients, but product packaging is still minimal and allows for a faster quality deterioration process. In addition, government support through related agencies in the form of assistance in improving the quality of processed products in Mamuju must be increased. The fishery resources in West Sulawesi is generally very potential to be developed as a source of income for regional development in the future.

Detecting and Analyzing the Displacement of a Small-Magnitude Earthquake Cluster in Rong County, China by the GACOS Based InSAR Technology

A series of small-magnitude earthquakes (Mw 2.9~Mw 4.9) occurred in Rong County, Sichuan Province, China between 30 March 2018 and December 2020, which threatened the safety of local residents. Determining the surface displacement and estimating the damage caused by these earthquakes are significant for earthquake relief, post-earthquake disaster assessment and hazard elimination. This paper integrates the Generic Atmospheric Correction Online Service (GACOS) with interferometry synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) to accurately detect the displacement of the series of small-magnitude earthquakes in Rong County based on 45 Sentinel-1 ascending/descending images acquired from January 2018 to December 2020. We analyze the influence of some factors involved in surface displacement, including earthquake magnitude, focal depth and the distance from the epicenter to the fault. The above measurement for small-magnitude earthquakes and statistics analysis for the displacement have not been performed before, so this can help better understand the displacement features of small-magnitude earthquakes, which are important for post-earthquake hazard assessment and disaster prevention.

Research on Integrated Management of Multi-Source Heterogeneous Disaster Data

An earthquake is a natural disaster with great destructive power and serious harm to humans. The collection of earthquake disaster information is a very complicated task, and it is even more difficult to mine valuable information from the massive, scattered and real-time changing disaster data. In response to the problems of slow and fragmented postearthquake disaster acquisition, large errors in disaster assessment, and inadequate decision support, this paper describes the design of open data interfaces to collect disaster data information from different sources and different structures in the shortest time, then implement integrated encoding to achieve dynamic management of disaster data throughout the life cycle. The experiment shows that the effect is good. This result provides a decision-making basis for rapid and effective emergency rescue of relevant departments.

Hydraulic properties of co-seismic landslide deposits around the Wenchuan earthquake epicentre: Large-scale column experiments

The co-seismic landslides and rock avalanches caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake generated numerous poorly consolidated deposits over a vast area. Rainfall-induced initiation and remobilization of these deposits have resulted in many post-earthquake disasters, such as rapid erosion, flow slides, and debris flows, threatening the local residents. The hydraulic properties of the deposits dominate the evolution of the soil moisture in the slope during rainfall, consequently affecting the initiation and failure types of these geo-disasters. Thus, laboratory tests and infiltration experiments were conducted with material from co-seismic landslide deposits in the Wenjia Gully near the Wenchuan earthquake epicentre. The soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) of the co-seismic deposit material was determined by a pressure plate extractor and tensiometers. Then, a series of large-scale soil column experiments were conducted with the materials. The results of the experiments showed a relatively high permeability and low matric suction of the co-seismic deposit compared with other soils. The infiltration characteristics of the deposit material with different initial water contents, compactness, and fine particle contents were also analysed and compared. A linear solution of the Green and Ampt equation was employed to estimate the infiltration rate in the deposit during rainfall events, which fit the results of the experiments well. The influence of matric suction on the water absorption and retention capacity was obvious when the moisture content was less than 5%, resulting in a variable evaporation rate and a soil-water hysteresis phenomenon. The results of this study provide reliable experimental evidence with which to evaluate the distribution and evolution of soil moisture in landslide deposits, which is significant for geo-hazard assessments and mitigation works. • Large-scale soil column experiments were conducted to study the hydraulic properties of co-seismic landslide deposits. • The permeability of co-seismic landslide deposits is relatively high, which results in an infiltration rate of 0.174–2.4 m/h. • An algebraic solution of the Green and Ampt equation is used to estimate the evolution of the wetting front. • The evaporation rate is much lower than the infiltration rate due to the increase in matric suction, which results in a soil-water hysteresis.

Strategic Implications for Civil Infrastructure and Logistical Support Systems in Postearthquake Disaster Management: The Case of St. Louis

An important role of postearthquake emergency management is to minimize the restoration time, which is the sum of the travel time and the response time. The travel time is the time needed to reach the affected area from the dispatch location, whereas the response time is the time required to bring the situation under control after reaching the affected area. A number of built environment variables, e.g., building collapse probability, and natural variables, e.g., flooding probability, are known to affect the restoration time. Data from St. Louis, MO, USA, are used in conjunction with a discrete-event-based simulation model to identify the statistically significant variables via an analysis of variance. The experimental results show that in order to reduce the loss of life, the volume of resources and the building collapse and flooding probabilities are significant factors that should be accounted for in the emergency-response planning for an earthquake.

Collaborative Governace in Post Earthquake Disaster Management on The Western Island of Java

The geographical conditions of Indonesia which are on the Pacific Ring of Fire and are crossed by three world plates, the Eurasian plate, the Indo-Australian plate and the Pacific plate make Indonesia the most disaster-prone country, especially earthquakes. The large number of population in Indonesia contributes to the risk of life and social loss, physical loss, and economic loss. Based on this, the government seems to need more attention to disaster management efforts, which are multidimensional. On the other hand, disaster management in Indonesia have not yet become a national strategic issue and development goals so that resulting in disaster management in Indonesia are still not optimal due to the collaborative management processes that are not comprehensive and sustainable between the various levels of actors involved.The purpose of this study is to analyze collaborative governance in the prevention of earthquake reconstruction rehabilitation in the Western Island of Java. This study uses a post positivism approach with qualitative research methods through in-depth interviews and documentation studies.The results of this study indicate that it is needed: the objectives in post earthquake disaste management must consider providing solutions that can reach ordinary people, community independence and participation, human resources, technology, finance and legal as well as derivative rules, leader support, and collaboration between governments, non-governmental institutions, private sector, donor agencies, international agencies, universities and the community