Post-disaster Recovery Programs Research Articles

Housing recovery and community relocation: Lessons learned from indigenous community recovery after typhoon Morakot in Taiwan

Modern states have been concerned with helping Indigenous communities recover after disasters, often through relocation, to prevent future disasters. However, such strategies are often fraught with difficulty and challenges. This study uses qualitative and quantitative data collected over a decade after Typhoon Morakot to analyze how the Han-People-dominated Taiwanese government assisted Indigenous communities in off-site disaster recovery. According to this study, post-disaster recovery programs had to be implemented speedily and comprehensively within the constraints of time and institutions, resulting in a lack of Indigenous participation and difficulty meeting the recovery needs of Indigenous communities in various ways. Notwithstanding Indigenous communities’ use of social capital to fight for and secure external resources. In early stages, Indigenous communities protested government policies through internal community bonding, bridging among affected Indigenous communities, and linking with national NGOs to raise awareness regarding recovery issues. In later stages, the government collaborated with communities that were relocated to address recovery issues. However, if relocation sites and housing options are already determined, only partial improvements can be made without resolving the primary problems of livelihood and cultural preservation. This situation calls for the promotion of pre-impact recovery planning in Indigenous communities at risk of disasters.

Digital Marketing Assistance for Msme Survivors of Cianjur Earthquake Disaster

Abstract. Digital Marketing Assistance for MSME Survivors of the Cianjur Earthquake Disaster. In 2022, there was an earthquake in Cieundeur Village, Warung Kondang District, Cianjur regency, which resulted in physical damage to land and buildings and even landslides that were quite severe and had an impact on changes in land topography. Disasters also have an impact on the socio-economic conditions of the community; even psychologically, the community experienced shock. Various organizations have been involved in disaster response programs, one of which is the Muhammadiyah Disaster Management Center (MDMC) in collaboration with students of the real work lecture (KKN) thematic disaster at the University of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta in order to carry out post-disaster recovery programs. The focus of the program is psychosocial, which includes community institutions, education, environmental health, and economics. Related to this, the purpose of this service is to improve the post-disaster community economy in Cianjur regency. The methods used are online and offline training. Recovery activities are carried out to form a joint business group. Changes in awareness, knowledge, and skills can result from mentoring carried out by a service team with the support of youth leaders. The end of the implementation of service activities is the formation of a joint business group in the form of clothing design and communication with a digital marketing business plan concept.

The Strategy of Housing Rehabilitation and Reconstruction after 2022 Earthquake in Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia

Monday, November 21st, 2022 at 13.21.10 WIB the Cianjur Regency area was rocked by a tectonic earthquake with a magnitude of M-5.6. The epicenter was located in the source zone of an active fault earthquake which had not been mapped before and it was recently identified that the earthquake was caused by the Cugenang Fault. The earthquake resulted in 335 fatalities, 8 people were missing, and 59,889 houses were damaged. After the emergency response steps were taken, further measures taken were post-disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction activities so that community activities could recover quickly, including the recovery of the housing and settlement sector. Therefore, the Government launched a post-disaster recovery program by providing program and budget support for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of housing and settlements. The purpose of this research is to analyze the strategy for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the housing and settlement sector affected by the Cianjur earthquake. This research is a qualitative research with a literature study approach where the data comes from books, journals, regulations, documentation and other literature. The results showed that the strategy for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the housing sector was carried out using two mechanisms, namely 1) stimulant financial assistance for housing repairs carried out in-situ using the community empowerment method and 2) relocating houses affected by disasters which were carried out ex-situ using the contractual method. This research is a qualitative research with a literature study approach where the data comes from books, journals, regulations, documentation and other literature. The results showed that the strategy for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the housing sector was carried out using two mechanisms, namely 1) stimulant financial assistance for housing repairs carried out in-situ using the community empowerment method and 2) relocating houses affected by disasters which were carried out ex-situ using the contractual method. This research is a qualitative research with a literature study approach where the data comes from books, journals, regulations, documentation and other literature. The results showed that the strategy for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the housing sector was carried out using two mechanisms, namely 1) stimulant financial assistance for housing repairs carried out in-situ using the community empowerment method and 2) relocating houses affected by disasters which were carried out ex-situ using the contractual method.

Sustainability Model to Select Optimal Site Location for Temporary Housing Units: Combining GIS and the MIVES–Knapsack Model

Selecting the best site location for temporary housing (TH) is one of the most critical decision-making processes in the aftermath of disasters. Many spatial variables and multi-criteria indicator problems are involved in the decision-making analysis. Incorrect treatment of these components often led to failure in previous post-disaster recovery programmes. Wrong decisions caused short- and long-term negative impacts on the environment and people as well as wasting capital spending. In this regard, this research paper aims to present a novel multi-criteria decision-making approach that helps decision makers select optimal site locations to consider spatial and sustainability-related aims by assessing numerous alternatives. This new model is based on combining a knapsack algorithm and the integrated value model for sustainability assessment (MIVES) to derive optimal alternatives. This model makes it possible to objectively quantify sustainability indicators (economic, environmental, and social aspects) and derive satisfaction indices for each site (or set of sites) in terms of TH location. The model is designed to receive and filter data from a geographic information system (GIS). Using this model in future post-disaster recovery programs is believed to increase stakeholders’ satisfaction and maximise the sustainability associated with the selection.

POST-DISASTER POLICIES AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC RECOVERY BASED ON LOCAL COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT (A CASE STUDY IN LOMBOK, INDONESIA)

This research aims to understand post-disaster recovery, including rehabilitation and reconstruction programs in Indonesia at the ontological and sociological levels. The problem is very interesting to be analyzed by conducting qualitative research based on public policy theory and power theory. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed by using interactive models are data reduction, data display, data verification, and supported by triangulation. The results were based on ontological and sociological levels using public policy perspectives and power perspectives to develop a proposed model on post-disaster recovery for improving policy and practice of post-disaster recovery. A proposed model for managing post-disaster recovery is needed for providing information to stakeholders related to the regulations in post-disaster recovery. This result provides inputs for making better regulations on post-disaster recovery in Indonesia for state agencies as public officials and practitioners.

Analysis of adaptation response of victims Sinabung mountain eruption post-traumatic stress disorder

The purpose of this study was to analyze the adaptation response after the eruption of Mount Sinabung in Gurukinayan Village, Karo District. This research is qualitative with an explorative phenomenological approach. Data collection was carried out through observation and in-depth interviews with key informants who were the victims of the Mount Sinabung eruption. The analysis was conducted using content analysis description and life history with 6 participants. The adaptation response results obtained from the community were maladaptive (staying/surviving in the eruption site). The impacts of this eruption are physical/health impacts (cough, shortness, flu and fever), psychological impacts (trauma, anxiety and panic), social/economic impacts (crop failure and job loss), and infrastructure impacts (damaged houses, damaged roads and clean water crisis). Post-eruption adaptation strategies are from the aspects of health (medical treatment, traditional medicine mix), social/economic aspects (carrying out community activities, cultivating land and expecting food and land assistance from donors), infrastructure aspects (building huts, repairing houses, clean water treatment, and expecting operational assistance from the government). It is recommended that in handling post-eruption of Mount Sinabung, the government or village apparatus establish a post-disaster recovery program and decision making (stakeholders) in making policies or decisions related to Eruption Disasters handling.

19.3 Building Resiliency in the Aftermath of Hurricane Harvey: Lessons Learned and Ongoing Recovery Efforts

The goals of this session are to identify risks associated with hurricane exposure and review evidence-based practices being used as part of a specialized postdisaster recovery program, including risk screening, assessment, and intervention.

Association between disaster experience and quality of life: the mediating role of disaster risk perception.

Disasters may impair people's quality of life (QoL) indirectly through disaster risk perception. We intended to address this point by analyzing the correlation between disaster experience and QoL with a test of the mediating effects of risk perception at the example of earthquake. We employed the 2013 Taiwan Social Change Survey data as the data source (N = 1481). Unadjusted ordinal logistic regression models examined the correlation of disaster experience with QoL and earthquake risk perception at first. Another set of ordinal regressions were conducted to explore the mediating effect of earthquake risk perception between earthquake experience and QoL. Earthquake experience had negative impact on QoL measured by self-reported happiness, general health status, and life satisfaction. People who had earthquake experience perceived higher earthquake risk compared to those who had never experienced an earthquake. Risk perception measured by perceived likelihood of future earthquake as a mediating factor for the impact of earthquake experience on QoL from the dimensions of both self-reported happiness and life satisfaction was confirmed. Findings are consistent with existing reports about the association between disaster experience and QoL. Research using multi-dimensional measures of disaster risk perception and QoL is needed to inform post-disaster recovery programs.

Theorizing distributive justice and the practice of post-disaster housing recovery

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the implications of contemporary conceptions of distributive justice for post-disaster recovery programmes. The question asked in this paper is essentially theoretical: what does a concern with distributive justice entail when developing and evaluating post-disaster recovery programmes? Housing recovery programmes are employed to provide a contextual grounding for the discussion. We present a review of the disaster recovery literature and recent programmes of post-disaster housing recovery to map the ways in which distributive justice have been theorized, interpreted, debated and put into practice. We reflect on what different principles of distributive justice imply for post-disaster recovery programmes in terms of their impact on opportunities for individuals and communities to recover from disasters, and also on their realizing possibilities of advancing justice in the post-disaster society. The paper concludes by outlining a number of dimensions of a pluralist account of distributive justice. Using these dimensions and taking into account tensions within and between them, we attempt to offer a framework for reflecting on and assessing distributive arrangements of disaster recovery programmes.

Modification of a two-wheel tractor as a versatile power machine for post disaster recovery programs

Abstract In the present study two-wheel tractor is modified to use it as a versatile power machine for the post disaster recovery programs with its special features including simplicity, affordability, multiple means of power take off for electricity generation, water pumping, land preparation and ability to drive or pull a considerable load over any ground conditions. Modification process included incorporation of an alternator with a power transmission system while improving the performance of the tractor. Three-phase alternator was selected with a capacity of 7.5 kW and rated line voltage, phase voltage and frequency are 400 V, 230 V and 50 Hz respectively. Performance testing was carried out using a variable load system with 200 W intervals. Frequency was maintained at 50 Hz by operating the tractor at constant engine speed. Phase current, voltage and fuel consumption over the different load conditions were tested. Further the increment of the drawbar pull after modification of the tractor was also tested. Results revealed that 7.5 kW alternator can be coupled to a two-wheel tractor (GN 12) with a power rage of 9.12 kW while keeping the stability under normal running condition. The efficiency of the established power transmission system was 77.06 % at the maximum stable power output of the alternator. Maximum fuel consumption at the maximum stable power output was 1.97 L/h. Further this modification increased the drawbar pull by 11.98 %, could be useful in terms of transportation over the different ground conditions during the post disaster situations. Therefore modified tractor can be used as a self-driven, mobile and versatile power machine for the post disaster recovery and reconstruction process in the developing countries.

People Helping People: Building Community-based Resiliency Program Thru Social Capital

Cognizant with the need to come up with strategies to mitigate the impact of climate change, a study was conducted to investigate the role of social capital in the development community-based post-disaster recovery program. This study used the qualitative and quantitative approaches. For the quantitative procedure, a total of 247 respondents from flood prone communities in Cebu City were recruited, while for the qualitative approach, 25 interviews were utilized. It was found out that FPC respondents relied on their bonding, bridging, and linking social capital during their post-disaster recovery activities. Based on these findings, this paper concluded that social capital played a very significant role in the development of a community-based post-disaster recovery program.

Identifying Temporary Housing Main Vertexes through Assessing Post-Disaster Recovery Programs

In the aftermath of a natural disaster, the major challenge most cities and societies face, regardless of their diverse level of prosperity, is to provide temporary housing (TH) for the displaced population (DP). However, the features of TH, which have been applied in previous recovery programs, greatly varied from case to case. This situation demonstrates that providing temporary accommodation for DP in a short period time and usually in great numbers is complicated in terms of satisfying all the beneficiaries’ needs, regardless of the societies’ welfare levels. Furthermore, when previously used strategies are applied to different areas, the chosen strategies are most likely destined to fail, unless the strategies are context and culturally based. Therefore, as the population of disaster-prone cities are increasing, decision-makers need a platform to help to determine all the factors, which caused the outcomes of the prior programs. To this end, this paper aims to assess the problems, requirements, limitations, potential responses, chosen strategies, and their outcomes, in order to determine the main elements that have influenced the TH process. In this regard, and in order to determine a customizable strategy, this study analyses the TH programs of five different cases as: Marmara earthquake, 1999; Bam earthquake, 2003; Aceh earthquake and tsunami, 2004; Hurricane Katrina, 2005; and, L’Aquila earthquake, 2009. The research results demonstrate that the main vertexes of TH are: (1) local characteristics, including local potential and affected population features, (2) TH properties, which needs to be considered in four phases: planning, provision/construction, operation, and second life, and (3) natural hazards impacts, which embraces intensity and type. Accordingly, this study offers decision-makers the opportunity to discover the main vertexes, their subsets, interactions, and the relation between strategies and outcomes based on the local conditions of each case. Consequently, authorities may acquire the capability to design a customizable method in the face of complicated post-disaster housing in the wake of future natural disasters.

Role of Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment in Post-Disaster Recovery Program

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Indonesia is a country located in the ring of </span>fire. Various kinds of disasters threats parts of Indonesia, including its rich cultural and natural heritage assets. Since the 2004, Tsunami in Aceh, the government gives serious attention to disaster. In 2007, it stipulated the Law 24/2007 on Disaster Management. It's so unfortunate that cultural heritage is not yet part of main concern during disaster programs. In addition, there are only few experiences in the world about how to deal with the condition of heritage affected by disaster.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Heritage organizations in Indonesia aim to raise awareness about disaster risks on cultural heritage. They develop system of damage assessment to cultural heritage or Damage Heritage Rapid Assessment (DHRA) at the time of emergencies. Damage assessment was introduced in Yogyakarta, experienced a lot of damage caused by the massive earthquake in 2006. DHRA has been used in Padang (2009), Yogyakarta (2010), Jakarta (2013) and Manado (2014). This paper aims to explain what DHRA is and how DHRA can contribute to post-disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction of heritage district. </span></p><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p>Keywords: Damage assessment, disaster, heritage </p></div></div></div></div></div>

Evaluations of post-disaster recovery: A review of practice material

Abstract This paper reviews evaluations of post-disaster recovery efforts. The focus is on operational material and other ‘grey literature’ from disasters that have occurred in Australia, New Zealand and internationally. We develop a typology that categorises disaster events and includes whether evaluations were undertaken; the methods used; and whether the evaluations focused on the processes or outcomes of the recovery program. The review finds a lack of evaluation of post-disaster recovery. Where evaluations have been conducted, they are mostly process- rather than outcomes-based. There is a need for guidance for post-disaster recovery programs to support evaluation practice to determine the effectiveness, efficiency and appropriateness of post-disaster recovery interventions. There is significant investment in post-disaster recovery programs, with little known of their effectiveness. This review identifies useful case studies and methods to evaluate post-disaster recovery efforts, and informs the development of a national post-disaster evaluation framework.

Psychological Distress and Health-related Quality of Life in Relocated and Nonrelocated Older Survivors after the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake

The purposes of the study were to examine psychological distress and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in relocated and nonrelocated survivors aged 60 years and older, and to analyze predictors for psychological distress and HRQoL in older survivors 5 years after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study with 112 relocated older survivors and 156 nonrelocated older survivors. Our study used a multistage sampling method. The measurements used in the study included self-reporting questionnaire-20, medical outcomes study 36-item short form health survey, and an instrument measuring demographic and disaster-related characteristics. Descriptive and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to determine factors that contributed to psychological distress and HRQoL. The prevalence of psychological distress in relocated group (20.5%) was significantly higher compared to those in nonrelocated group (4.8%). Scores for HRQoL in relocated older survivors was significantly lower than those in nonrelocated older survivors. Relocation from preearthquake residence was the most significant predictor for psychological distress and HRQoL in the total sample. Other predictors were advanced age, lower educational level, the loss of family members during the earthquake, and the presence of chronic illnesses as well as the death of a spouse after the earthquake. Strategies can be designed in postdisaster recovery program, particularly for older survivors at high risk for psychological distress and poor HRQoL.

Post-disaster reconstruction: lessons from Nagapattinam district, India

As disaster losses continue to rise around the world, it has become increasingly important to understand the long-term outcomes of post-disaster recovery programmes. Often, disaster recovery projects have an abbreviated planning period, involve multiple NGOs, and lack long-term plans for evaluation. This article describes outcomes of the shelter reconstruction programme following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Nagapattinam, India. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected to assess the effect of the programme on housing, community infrastructure, and livelihoods. The study provides useful lessons for future reconstruction programmes and demonstrates the importance of evaluating post-disaster recovery programmes after projects end.

Perceived Family Functioning and Depression in Bereaved Parents in China After the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake

This study examined perceived family functioning and depression in bereaved parents 18months after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. This was a cross-sectional study with 190 bereaved parents sampled using a multistage stratified sampling method. The instruments used in the study included Family APGAR Index and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17. The results indicated that the prevalence of family dysfunction was 59.5%. All the respondents experienced depression with 79.5% of the respondents reporting very severe depression. Being female, being at an advanced age, being divorced or widowed, being directly exposed to the death of their children, not having another baby after the earthquake, and poorer family functioning were significant predictors for more severe depression. Strategies can be designed in post-disaster recovery programs for bereaved parents at high risk for more severe depression, particularly for those with poorer family functioning.

Building Local Responses to Disaster

While there has been much discussion in international disaster management literature in recent years of the need to give affected communities much more ‘ownership’ of recovery and rehabilitation pro-jects and programs, there is little real understanding of what this might mean in practice. There are many calls for post-disaster recovery programs to reduce vulnerability to future risks, or to ‘build back better’. Drawing from an intense study of social recovery and community rebuilding across five tsunami-affected local areas in Sri Lanka and southern India, this article affirms the need for greater community ‘guidance’ of disaster recovery but it argues that different forms of community engagement are required for different stages in the long process from relief to recovery. It argues that ‘build back better’ is possible, but only if aid and other related agencies work more closely with existing capacities for resilience within the affected communities and contribute towards their legitimacy.

The Role of Agriculture in Recovery Following Natural Disasters: A Focus on Post-Tsunami Recovery in Aceh, Indonesia

Coastal communities are especially vulnerable to the impacts of a range of natural disasters. The reported frequency of natural disasters has risen dramatically in the past 100 years, with coastal zones particularly exposed to tsunamis, cyclones, and flooding. Managing the change in coastal dynamics and securing the livelihoods of those affected as responses to these disasters, are important issues for governments and international agencies worldwide. This paper discusses the important role that agriculture can play in the transition from immediate emergency aid to long-term recovery following natural disasters. The focus of this discussion is on the recovery following the 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami in the province of Aceh, Indonesia. Collaborative work such as monitoring agricultural soils and establishing experimental and extension activities to restore agriculture to tsunami-affected sites and supporting the long-term recovery of farming communities undertaken in Aceh from 2005 to 2009 is discussed. Recommendations for future agricultural recovery programs are outlined. The importance of agriculture to livelihoods in Aceh is mirrored in other populous nations of the world, many of whom farm extensively along coastal areas. Agriculture should be regarded as an integral part of any post-disaster recovery program.

Longitudinal study of PTSD, depression, and quality of life among adolescents after the Parnitha earthquake

To investigate the course of PTSD, depression, and current quality of life among adolescents 32-months after the 1999 Parnitha earthquake in Greece. The follow-up was conducted among 511 adolescents originally evaluated at 3-months post-earthquake using the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index (PTSD-RI), Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS), and Quality of Life Questionnaire (QOLQ). Mean PTSD scores for the whole sample had subsided to mild levels; however, 8.8% were still experiencing moderate to severe levels of symptoms, and 13.6% met criteria for clinical depression. Frequency of experiencing reminders of the earthquake in the past month best explained the variance (15%) in PTSD severity, followed by depression at 3-months (8%). The QOLQ domain scores were negatively correlated with PTSD and depression. Depression at 3-months was the best predictor of QOLQ at 32-months, explaining 16% of the variance. Self-report instruments were used; hence the responses may have been over- or under-estimated; also, the findings may not be generalizable to other ethnic groups. Ongoing screening is recommended after disaster to identify adolescents who continue to experience moderate to severe levels of PTSD and depressive symptoms. Specific interventions to reduce reactivity to earthquake-related reminders should be a component of post-disaster recovery programs. A quality of life measure can provide important information in addition to traditional scales for monitoring the course of recovery among adolescents after disasters.