Post-conflict Cambodia Research Articles

Justice, Human Rights, and Reconciliation in Postconflict Cambodia

Retribution? Restitution? Reconciliation? “Justice” comes in many forms as witnessed by the spike in war crimes tribunals, Truth & Reconciliation Commissions, hybrid tribunals and genocide trials. Which, if any form is appropriate should be influenced by the culture of the people affected. It took Cambodia over three decades to finally address the ghosts of its Khmer Rouge past with the creation of a hybrid Khmer Rouge Tribunal. But how meaningful is justice to the majority of survivors of the Khmer Rouge auto-genocide when only a handful of top officials are tried? Further, given the persistent abuse of political and economic rights in post-conflict Cambodia, we are skeptical that justice or reconciliation is presently possible.

Demining and Land Management in Post-conflict Cambodia

Demining and Land Management in Post-conflict Cambodia

Policing in Cambodia: legitimacy in the making?

Analyses of police statistics, newspaper reports, and United Nations International Crime Victim Surveys (UNICVS) are used to describe trends in crime and changes in perceptions of security, corruption and confidence in police in post-conflict Cambodia. These data show that both violent crimes (including homicides and police or vigilante killings) and property crimes have declined. Modest reductions in fear of crime are observed but confidence in police has not improved, although ‘street-level’ corruption is less frequent. Corruption, elite crime and consumer fraud remain serious problems consistent with Cambodia's ‘fragile state’ status. The emergence of juvenile and drug related crime reflects demographic changes and the impact of modernisation (and urbanisation) on cultural practices. The role of modernisation and democratic transition in shaping the form, response to and extent of crime is discussed, as well as the effect of international aid focussed on criminal justice assistance.

The Rule of Law and the UN Peacebuilding Commission: a social development approach1

There is a danger that the Rule of Law Assistance Unit of the United Nations Peacebuilding Commission will employ the same dominant but problematic paradigm that the international development community has pursued across the globe. This top-down, state-centred paradigm, sometimes known as ‘rule of law orthodoxy’, stands in contrast to an alternative set of strategies: legal empowerment. Legal empowerment involves the use of legal services, legal capacity-building and legal reform by and for disadvantaged populations, often in combination with other development activities, to increase their freedom, improve governance and alleviate poverty. It is typically carried out by domestic and international non-governmental organisations (NGOs), but also by governments and official aid agencies. This alternative approach focuses directly on the disadvantaged and integration with other development activities, which means it often operates under the de facto rubric of social development. Legal empowerment strategies vary among countries and NGOs. But their impact includes reforming gender-biased, non-state justice systems in Bangladesh; ameliorating the legal system's corruption in post-conflict Sierra Leone; keeping the human rights flame burning in post-conflict Cambodia; advancing natural resources protection and indigenous peoples' rights in Ecuador; and strengthening agrarian reform in the Philippines. Addressing such priorities can help alleviate poverty, ameliorate conflict and prevent chaos or repression from dominating the disadvantaged, particularly in conflict or post-conflict societies.

The Politics and Economics of Postapartheid Higher Education Transformation

Previous articleNext article No AccessThe Politics and Economics of Postapartheid Higher Education TransformationIsaac M. NtshoeIsaac M. Ntshoe Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 48, Number 2May 2004 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/382623 Views: 76Total views on this site Citations: 13Citations are reported from Crossref © 2004 by the Comparative and International Education Society. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Vicheth Sen Hybrid governmentality: higher education policymaking in post-conflict Cambodia, Studies in Higher Education 44, no.33 (Sep 2017): 513–525.https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1379985M. Noor Davids “Don’t Judge a Book by Its Colour”: Black Academic Experiences of Discrimination in an Education Faculty at a South African University, Journal of Black Studies 49, no.55 (Mar 2018): 427–447.https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934718764094Bethuel S. Ngcamu The effects of leadership traits on transformation: A case study of a South African university, The Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa 13, no.11 (Nov 2017).https://doi.org/10.4102/td.v13i1.403Bethuel Sibongiseni Ngcamu Conceptualizing transformation in the post-merger and incorporation environment era, International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 36, no.5/65/6 (Jun 2016): 270–288.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-04-2015-0037C. C. Wolhuter, G. Peckham, J.L. van der Walt, F.J. Potgieter The Research Output of Female Academics at a South African University: Progress with Gender Equity?, Africa Education Review 10, no.11 (Feb 2013): 148–166.https://doi.org/10.1080/18146627.2013.786882Tzi Sin Wen, Gregory S Ching, Jia Wei Tang Realities in scholarly publication trends: A case study of a social science university in Taiwan, International Journal of Research Studies in Education 2, no.22 (Jan 2013).https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2012.146Nadine Dolby Internationalizing Higher Education: The Development of Practice and Policy in South Africa, Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 112, no.77 (Jul 2010): 1758–1791.https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811011200703Wai-Chung Ho, Wing-Wah Law The struggle between globalisation, nationalism and music education in Hong Kong, Music Education Research 11, no.44 (Dec 2009): 439–456.https://doi.org/10.1080/14613800903390741M. Letseka The challenges of university teaching and learning in the era of managerialism, Africa Education Review 5, no.22 (Nov 2008): 305–323.https://doi.org/10.1080/18146620802449993Ishmael I. Munene, Wycliffe Otieno Changing the course: equity effects and institutional risk amid policy shift in higher education financing in Kenya, Higher Education 55, no.44 (May 2007): 461–479.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-007-9067-3Ishmael I. Munene Privatising the public: marketisation as a strategy in public university transformation, Research in Post-Compulsory Education 13, no.11 (Mar 2008): 1–17.https://doi.org/10.1080/13596740801903448Mokubung Nkomo, Salim Akoojee, Simon Motlhanke Between a Rock and a Hard Place, Journal of Asian and African Studies 42, no.55 (Jul 2016): 399–413.https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909607081120Mel Dunn, Pam Nilan Balancing Economic and other Discourses in the Internationalization of Higher Education in South Africa, International Review of Education 53, no.33 (Jun 2007): 265–281.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-007-9043-2

Foreign Aid, Institutions, and Governance in Sub‐Saharan Africa

Introduction More than a decade ago, the World Bank argued that “underlying the litany of Africa’s development problems is a crisis of governance.” Poor quality institutions, weak rule of law, an absence of accountability, tight controls over information, and high levels of corruption still characterize many African states today. Aid levels have been reduced in many parts of Africa during the past decade. Yet in many of the countries with poor governance records, aid continues to contribute a very high percentage of government budgets. This article explores the institutional impact of these high levels of aid and the way that large amounts of aid are delivered. There are many reasons why governance is poor in much of sub-Saharan Africa. Colonialism did little to develop strong, indigenously rooted institutions that could tackle the development demands of modern states. Economic crisis and unsustainable debt, civil wars, and political instability have all taken their toll over the past 2 decades and more. It is difficult to separate the impact of these problems from the possible impact of foreign aid, which is often high in countries that suffer from precisely these problems. Theory provides conflicting guidance here. On the one hand, aid can release governments from binding revenue constraints, enabling them to strengthen domestic institutions and pay higher salaries to civil servants. Aid can provide training and technical assistance to build legal systems and accounting offices. In many countries, aid personnel (sometimes expatriate) manage important government programs, and the infusion of resources and technical assistance can give an important boost to the efficiency and effectiveness of governance, if only in a partial sense. Yet despite these likely benefits, it is also possible that, continued over