Post-adolescent Acne Research Articles

Assessment of thyroid function and lipid profile in patients with postadolescent acne in a Mediterranean population from Turkey.

Postadolescent acne is defined as acne that is seen even after the age of 25 years, regardless of the age at onset. The causes of postadolescent acne have not been completely clarified up to now. Androgens are considered to be the major factor involved in pathogenesis. We aimed to investigate the status of thyroid functions and lipid levels in patients with postadolescent acne and determine the effects of lifestyle and environmental factors on postadolescent acne in a Turkish population. In total, 184 patients and 82 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Thyroid function and lipid profiles of all participants were analyzed. The mean age of patients was 30.4 ± 4.9 years (25-50). The mean age of control group was 30.0 ± 4.4 years (25-40). Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with postadolescent acne (P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between patients with postadolescent acne and control subjects in triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, thyroid hormone profiles, and thyroid ultrasound scans. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly decreased with postadolescent acne (P = 0.01). To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the thyroid functions and lipid profile in men and women with postadolescent acne. In this study, there was no relationship between thyroid functions and postadolescent acne. However, an association with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and postadolescent acne was detected. Further investigations with more patients in different populations are needed to determine the causes of postadolescent acne.

Body mass index is negatively associated with acne lesion counts in Taiwanese women with post-adolescent acne.

Acne in adult women tends to be chronic, refractory to treatment and associated with psychosocial problems. Body mass index (BMI) has been reported to be a risk factor for acne in school children and adolescents, but not in adult women. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between BMI and acne lesion counts in women with post-adolescent acne. Hundred and four women between 25 and 45years of age, with moderate or severe acne vulgaris were enrolled in this study. The main outcome evaluated was the number of acne lesions, which were then assessed using multiple linear regression analysis. The coefficients of multiple regression analysis with stepwise model showed that BMI (β=-0.36; p=0.001) and family history (β=0.21; p=0.04) were the main predictors of the number of acne lesions. Initial findings indicate that BMI is negatively associated with the number of acne lesions in Taiwanese women with moderate to severe post-adolescent acne.

Insulin resistance in patients with post-adolescent acne.

Post-adolescent acne has been defined as acne in a patient aged >25years. Acne vulgaris first develops at the onset of puberty as a result of hormonal changes. During puberty, there is a transient decline in insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that insulin resistance might persist after puberty in patients with post-adolescent acne. This study was conducted in order to investigate the relationship between post-adolescent acne and insulin resistance. The study population comprised 35 patients with post-adolescent acne and 35 healthy control subjects. The parameters measured were fasting blood glucose, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was calculated for each individual. No significant differences were observed between patients with post-adolescent acne and control subjects in fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, AST, ALT, triglyceride and HDL-C levels, and HOMA-IR index. There were also no correlations between these parameters and the severity of acne. This study suggests that insulin resistance may not play a major role in the pathogenesis of post-adolescent acne. Hormonal changes, genetic susceptibility, stress, the use of cosmetics, drugs, and environmental factors should be considered in the development of post-adolescent acne.

Frequency of polycystic ovarian syndrome in women with postadolescent acne

Frequency of polycystic ovarian syndrome in women with postadolescent acne

Postadolescent Acne in Females

Acne in the adult female often presents as a chronic condition that can have a considerable negative psychological, social and emotional impact on the affected individual. Estimated prevalence rates of adult female acne vary widely according to study type. Case reports and clinical examinations estimate the prevalence of clinical acne at 10-12%, while survey estimates of physiological disease states are as high as 54%. Two subtypes of adult female acne may be defined according to time of onset: ‘persistent' and ‘late-onset', accounting for approximately 80 and 20% of cases, respectively. Postadolescent acne is generally mild-to-moderate in severity and presents with more inflammatory lesions and fewer comedones compared to adolescent acne. Furthermore, the impact of acne on the quality of life is often greater in adult females than in younger individuals. Despite these important differences, the key principles of acne treatment in the adult female do not differ significantly from those of other age groups. However, specific characteristics relating to the adult female should be considered when selecting a treatment regimen.

Acne Cosmetica Revisited: A Case-Control Study Shows a Dose-Dependent Inverse Association between Overall Cosmetic Use and Post-Adolescent Acne

Background: Case-control studies to support the concept of acne cosmetica are lacking. Objective: To examine the association of post-adolescent acne with the use of cosmetics and cosmetic procedures. Methods: 910 post-adolescent patients with acne and an equal number of matched controls were studied for exposure to cosmetics and cosmetic procedures. A cumulative cosmetic exposure index was stratified into four quarters of increasing exposure. Results: Comparison of different cumulative exposure categories with the lowest exposure category (multivariate analysis, logistic regression) showed that the odds ratios, which were always <1, progressively declined as cosmetic exposure increased [odds ratios (95% confidence intervals): 0.679 (0.501-0.922), 0.355 (0.258-0.487), 0.307 (0.217-0.433)]. However, some individual cosmetics had odds ratios >1. Conclusion: Overall cosmetic use was negatively associated with post-adolescent acne. The term ‘acne cosmetica' is appropriate in the sense that some cosmetics may cause acne.

Differences in adrenocortical steroid response to ACTH in women with post-adolescent severe acne and PCOS

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Nutritional anemia in reproductive age women with postadolescent acne

Context: Postadolescent acne has been defined as the presence of acne beyond the age of 25 years. Postadolescent acne affects approximately 14% of women between the ages of 25 and 50 years. Namely, postadolescent acne usually occurs in women of reproductive age. Nutritional anemia occurs from an insufficient intake of nutrients such as iron, folate and vitamin B12. It is very common in women of reproductive age. Nutritional anemia causes irritability, apathy, fatigue, depressive symptoms and difficulty in concentration. The major etiological factor in adult acne can be increased levels of emotional stress, leading to increase in adrenal androgens. Thus, nutritional anemia may aggravate the lesions of acne by affecting the emotional status in women of reproductive age.Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between postadolescent acne and nutritional anemia in this study.Materials and methods: The study population comprised of 52 patients with postadolescent acne and 52 healthy control subjects. Hemogram, vitamin B12, folate, serum iron, ferritin and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) were measured.Results: No significant differences were observed between both groups in hemoglobin, vitamin B12, serum iron, ferritin and TIBC levels. Serum folate levels were significantly decreased in postadolescent acne patients (p < 0.001). There were no significant correlations between hemoglobin, vitamin B12, folate, serum iron, ferritin and TIBC levels and acne severity.Discussion and conclusion: We could not find any relationship between postadolescent acne and nutritional anemia in our study. However, serum folate levels were decreased in postadolescent acne patients. Prospective research studies are needed to clarify the role of nutrition in the pathophysiology of postadolescent acne. We think that nutritional interventions can be inexpensive, safe, easy to administer and generally acceptable to patients with postadolescent acne.

Survey of post-adolescent acne and acne scarring among female volunteers in their twenties.

Survey of post-adolescent acne and acne scarring among female volunteers in their twenties.

Update on post-adolescent acne in women

Recently,the incidence of post-adolescent acne has been rising in women.Post-adolescent ache in women can be divided into persistent acne and late-onset ache.It is commonly described as a mild to moderate acne,mainly characterized by inflammatory lesions of the chin,perioral region,and so on.Possible pathogenesis of post-adolescent acne in females includes an elevation in peripheral androgen,emergence of resistant Propionibacterium acnes strains,and chronic stimulation of innate immunity.It also can be trigged or aggravated by various factors,such as the change of sexual hormone levels,increase in serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1),stress,smoking,etc.Some patients should be screened for potential endocrine disorders.The treatment of post-adolescent acne in women does not differ significantly from that of adolescent acne,and may include antibiotics as well as intermittent and low-dose isotretinoin.For patients with poor response to conventional therapy,hormonal therapy may be attempted,which includes spironolactone,flutamide,cyproterone acetate,and oral contraceptives. Key words: Acne,vulgaris; Hormones; Therapy

Częstość występowania trądziku późnego oraz jego wpływ na jakość życia młodych kobiet

Post-adolescent acne (adult female acne) is a chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous unit that typically affects young women around 25 years of age. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of post-adolescent acne and its impact on the quality of life among young Polish women. Material and methods: An anonymous questionnaire survey of 128 female students of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland. Results: Of the 128 study participants, 95 had experienced acne problems at least once in their lives (lifetime prevalence 74%; 95%CI=67–82%). The presence of acne lesions at the time of responding to the questionnaire was reported by 71 respondents (point prevalence 55%; 95%CI=47-64%). The age at first appearance of the lesions ranged from 10–25 years (median 14 years). Among the most frequently reported acne lesions were open comedones (71%), closed comedones (46%), and less frequently, pustules (42%) and papules (23%). In the majority of the respondents (67%) the efflorescences were located mainly on the face, predominantly (46%) in the mental area. Acne lesions and associated symptoms were considered as a big or very big problem by 40% of respondents with acne. However, 95% of respondents declared that the presence of acne does not impede relations within their families. Also, the skin conditions affected the outing activities of hardly any of the respondents, and it interfered with the sporting activities, shopping, going to the cinema or attending university in none of them. Conclusions: Post-adolescent acne affects more than a half of adult Polish women and typically is a continuation of adolescent acne vulgaris. This disease decreases the level of selfattractiveness of the affected women and influences their daily routines; however, in the majority of cases it does not cause a relevant decrease in the quality of life or pose a considerable obstacle to everyday functioning and interpersonal relations.

A clinico-epidemiological study of adult acne: Is it different from adolescent acne?

Although acne is usually recognized as an adolescent skin disorder, the prevalence of adults with acne is increasing. There is surprisingly a paucity of data on the prevalence and clinical features of postadolescent acne in the adult Indian population. The clinical and epidemiological data of adult acne were evaluated with a view to establishing possible contributing etiological factors and observing whether clinical features differ from adolescent acne. Patients over the age of 25 years presenting with acne in a tertiary care hospital were included in the study. A detailed history and examination was carried out, with a stress on aggravating factors. Hormonal imbalances were investigated in females with alopecia, obesity, hirsutism and menstrual irregularity. Severity of acne and complications like scarring and psychological stress were included. Out of 280 patients included in the study 82.1% were women and 17.9% were men. The mean age of the patients was 30.5 years. Persistent acne was observed in 73.2%, while it was late onset in 26.8%. Majority of the patients had inflammatory papular acne (55%), whereas comedonal acne was the least common (6%). Most common predominant site of involvement was cheek (81%), followed by chin (67%), and mandibular area (58.3%). Family history of acne was present in 38.6%. Premenstrual flare was seen in 11.7% of female patients, obesity in 6.4%, hirsutism in 5.7% and alopecia in 1.8%, but raised laboratory markers of hyperandrogenism were observed in only 3.08%. Scarring was observed in a majority of patients (76.4%) and psychological stress in 52.8% patients. Adult acne is predominant in women, and as compared to adolescent acne is more inflammatory, with involvement of the cheeks and lower half of the face, while comedones are rare. Facial scarring occurs in a majority and stress is common, which emphasizes that adult acne should not be neglected.

Association of thyroid autoimmunity with acne in adult women

During the last decades an increase has been observed regarding acne in adults and especially women. To evaluate the association between thyroid disorder and the presence of post-adolescent acne in adult women, comparing with healthy controls. 107 adult women with post-adolescent acne and 60 healthy controls were included. Complete blood count and standard biochemical profile of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and levels of thyroid hormones and antibodies [triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4), antithyroglobulin antibodies (anti-TG) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO)] were determined in all subjects of both the acne and control groups. A thyroid ultrasound was also performed. There was a statistically significant difference (P=0.008) in the prevalence of positive anti-TG antibodies, with 25.2% of the acne group and 8.3% of the control group having elevated (>40 U/mL) anti-TG levels, respectively. Adult women with acne had a statistically significant increased relative risk to have high levels of anti-TG in comparison with healthy controls (odds ratio 3.89, P=0.011). This association was independent of age. Values for TSH, FT4, FT3, T4 and anti-TPO did not significantly differ between the two groups. No significant difference was found regarding the thyroid ultrasound findings. Although there was no significant difference between cases and controls regarding CRP levels, it is interesting that we observed a significant elevation in CRP in those acne patients who had positive antithyroglobulin antibodies. It is likely that thyroid autoimmunity might be more frequent in the adult acne patients and this should be kept in mind when screening women with post-adolescent acne.

Assessment of Sociodemographic and Clinical Features in Patients with Adolescent and Post-adolescent Acne

Assessment of Sociodemographic and Clinical Features in Patients with Adolescent and Post-adolescent Acne

Underestimated clinical features of postadolescent acne

Postadolescent acne is usually described as an inflammatory, mild-to-moderate dermatosis, frequently involving the lower third of the face, the jawline, and the neck. However, we have also frequently observed a clinical form predominantly characterized by retention lesions (microcomedones and macrocomedones), with few inflammatory lesions (comedonal postadolescent acne [CPAA]), which appears significantly correlated with cigarette smoking. We sought to investigate the clinical features of postadolescent acne in a group of female patients affected by acne and its relationship with cigarette smoking. A total of 226 women with acne (25-50 years) attending our department were examined by a team of 3 dermatologists, to assess the age of onset of the disease, and the number, type, and distribution of acne lesions. In all, 192 of 226 patients (85.0%) were classified as having CPAA and 34 as having papulopustular postadolescent acne. A smoking habit was confirmed in 150 of 226 (66.3%). Remarkably, 72.9% of patients with CPAA were smokers as compared with only 29.4% of those with papulopustular postadolescent acne (P < .0001). Possible limitations are related to geographic area or to the prevalence of darker skin types (III and IV) (data about skin types have not been collected). Other possible aggravating factors (ie, stress and diet) have not been investigated. According to our results, CPAA appears as the most frequent clinical form of postadolescent acne and seems to be strictly correlated with cigarette smoking.

Clinical effects of Shugan Jianpi Recipe on postadolescent acne in women

Clinical effects of Shugan Jianpi Recipe on postadolescent acne in women

Acne and smoking

BACKGROUND.: Post-adolescent acne is an inflammatory disorder, whose cause is unknown. Contrasting data are available on correlation between acne and smoking habit. OBJECTIVES.: To verify the frequency of clinically non-inflammatory (atypical) post-adolescent acne (APAA) among women, a possible correlation with cigarette smoking, possible differences in sebum composition in a group of female smokers with acne compared to healthy smokers and non-smokers. METHOD AND RESULTS.: 1046 randomly selected women (25-50-years-old) participated at the study. In 60 selected female subjects we analyzed sebum composition for alpha-tocopherol, squalene and squalene monohydroperoxide. We found a high prevalence of APAA among women (74.6%), a strong correlation with smoking habit (p < 0.0001), as well as an increase in the grade of sebum peroxidation (p < 0.05) with a reduction in vitamin E (p = 0.02), in the subjects with acne compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS.: Clinical evidence and experimental data showed a straight correlation between smoking habit and post-pubertal acne in which the clinically non-inflammatory type-APAA-is the most frequent. In the more severe cases we could consider APAA as a new entity (smoker's acne).

Manejo del acné en mujeres mayores de 25 años

Acne is one of the most widespread skin diseases in the general population and among adolescents in particular. However, it is becoming increasingly common in patients over 25 years of age, and particularly in women. We distinguish 2 types of postadolescent acne: persistent acne—the most frequent such acne—is an extension of acne that began in adolescence and continues into adulthood, and late-onset acne, which first appears in those over 25 years.We review the clinical characteristics of these types of acne in women, the causes, the recommended complementary tests, and the particulars of treatment in order to adequately manage this condition.

Management of Acne in Women Over 25 Years of Age

Acne is one of the most widespread skin diseases in the general population and among adolescents in particular. However, it is becoming increasingly common in patients over 25 years of age, and particularly in women. We distinguish 2 types of postadolescent acne: persistent acne—the most frequent such acne—is an extension of acne that began in adolescence and continues into adulthood, and late-onset acne, which first appears in those over 25 years. We review the clinical characteristics of these types of acne in women, the causes, the recommended complementary tests, and the particulars of treatment in order to adequately manage this condition.

Treatment of 56 cases of women with post-adolescent acne by auricular point sticking method

1 Clinical Data 1.1 Diagnostic criteria It is referred to Guiding Principles for Clinical Study of New Chinese Medicines. Woman suffers from this disease after 25 years old. The acne is most commonly found on face, upper chest and back, where the sebaceous gland is extensive, and it is symmetrically distributed. The skin lesions include follicularis papule, comedones, pustule, nubble, nodules and scar, accompanied with sebum overflowing. It develops chronically. 1.2 General data All the 56 cases were from acupuncture department. The youngest was 27 years old and the oldest was 54 years old with an average age of 34.26. The shortest duration was 1 year and the longest was 12 years. Based on syndrome differentiation of TCM, 11 cases belonged to wind-heat in Lung Meridian, 9 cases belonged to dampness-heat in the Spleen and Stomach, 17 cases belonged to disharmony of the Thoroughfare and Conception Vessels and 19 cases belonged to binding of phlegm and haemostasis.