Possible Source Of Energy Research Articles

Resistive Instabilities and Solar Flares

The study of plasma instabilities described by the inclusion of a finite conductivity in the hydromagnetic equations has aroused considerable interest since the initial work of Furth, Killeen and Rosenbluth for a two-dimensional geometry. In particular, the so-called ‘tearing’ mode, which has been observed in laboratory plasmas, has been suggested as a possible source of energy for solar flares.

The Chemical Basis for Plant-Parasite Interaction

Under the United States-Japan cooperative science program, the conference on “The dynamic role of molecular constituents in plant-parasite interaction” was held at Hotel Gamagori, Aichi Prefecture on May 15-21, 1966. The following papers were read at the conference.Changes in cytoplasm and cell wall materialAkai, S.: An anatomical approach to the mechanism of fungal infections in plants. (Kyoto University)Bushnell, W.R.: Symptom development in mildewed and rusted tissues. (ARS, US Dept, of Agric.)Tani, T.: The relation of soft rot caused by pathogenic fungi to pectic enzyme produced by the host. (Kagawa University)Bateman, D.F.: Alteration of cell wall components during pathogenesis. (Cornell University)Solute and water relations during infectionDurbin, R.D.: The influence of disease on the movements of solutes and water in plants. (ARS, US Dept. of Agric.)Dimond, A.E.: Physiology of wilt disease. (Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta.)Metabolic shifts during infectionMirocha, C.J.: Carbon dioxide fixation in the dark as a possible nutritional factor in parasitism. (University of Minnesota)Daly, J.M.: Metabolic consequences of infection in obligate parasitism. (University of Nebraska)Toxins of host and parasite in the infection processTomiyama, K.: The role of polyphenols in defense action of plants induced by infection. (Hokkaido Agr. Exp. Sta.)Kuc, J.: Shifts in oxidative metabolism during pathogenesis. (Purdue University)Scheffer, R.P.: Effects of pathogen produced metabolites in host metabolism and symptom development. (Michigan State University)Tamari, K.: Biochemical response of plants to toxins produced by pathogenic fungi. (University of Tohoku)Oku, H.: Role of parasite-enzyme and toxin on development of characteristic symptoms.(Sankyo Agr. Chemicals Res. Lab.)Biochemistry of virus infectionMisawa, T.: Changes of nuclear contents of host-cells infected by virus. (University of Tohoku)Hirai, T.: Mitochondrial activities of tobacco mosaic virus-infected tobacco detached leaves, the possible source of energy for virus multiplication. (Nagoya University)Takahashi, W.N.: The biochemistry of virus multiplication in plants. (University of California)Suzuki, N.: Biochemistry of RNA of rice dwarf virus. (Inst. for Plant Virus. Res.)Protein metabolism in the hostDeVay, J.E.: Effect of common antigen on host-parasite interactions. (University of California)Akazawa, T.: Change in chloroplast proteins of plant after infection. (Nagoya University)Uritani, I.: The relation of metabolic changes in infected plants to changes in enzymatic activity. (Nagoya University)Stahmann, M.A.: Influence of host parasite interactions on proteins and enzymes. (University of Wisconsin)

Production of succinate by the canine whipworm Trichuris vulpis

Succinic acid has been identified as a fermentation product of the intestinal nematode Trichuris vulpis by melting point determination and by infrared spectrophotometry of the di- p-bromphenacyl ester. The significance of succinate formation as a possible source of energy for anaerobic organisms is discussed.

An attempt to detect the spontaneous transformation of helium into penetrating radiation

The spontaneous disappearance of an electron and proton in the form of radiation has often been suggested as a possible source of energy to maintain the emission of radiation from hot stars. It can be calculated that the energy of a single quantum formed in this way should be about 1000 million electron-volts. In order to account for the absorption of the ultra-penetrating radiation observed by Regener in deep lakes, and interpreted on the basis of the Klein-Nishina formula, a quantum of still higher energy is required. Sir James Jeans has recently calculated that the transformation of a helium atom into a single quantum would provide a radiation of about the required penetrating power.

The Source of Solar Energy

While I have wandered from the main subject of the sun, to consider the source of stellar energy, the two topics are so intimately related that their solutions are identical. I consider that I have demonstrated the reasonableness of Jeans's theory by the manner in which it seems to fit the observed facts. There is, as I can see, no important objection to the hypothesis. It is too much to hope that the foregoing analysis is rigidly complete, but I confidently believe that the main points are established and that further modification will consist in the clearing up of details. The application of astrophysics and atomic theory to a new field appears to have met with considerable success. In spite of this success, however, caution is necessary. The present position of the theory advocated in this paper is somewhat analogous to the place once held by the theory of Helmholtz-i.e., it is the only one sufficiently elastic to stretch over the region of known facts. Our knowledge is yet limited and, with our vision thus impaired, we can not predict the future. Some unforeseen event may upset our present hypothesis as completely as that of Helmholtz; we have built as securely as possible upon observation, and it remains for the future to test the accuracy of this or any other theory so established. In an attempt to discover a reasonable explanation of the origin and duration of the solar radiation, all possible sources of energy are examined. The following hypotheses are reviewed and discarded, the arguments against their validity being too well known to necessitate a review at this place; (1) Original Heat; (2) Chemical; (3) Gravitational, (a) Meteoric, (b) Contraction; (4) Radioactive.

A Thermal Study of a Possible Source of Energy in Anaerobic Metabolism with some Notes on the Properties of Sorbitol

A Thermal Study of a Possible Source of Energy in Anaerobic Metabolism with some Notes on the Properties of Sorbitol