Positivist Paradigm Research Articles

The effect of exposure to vivo contraceptive ads on viewers' buying interest (survey of followers of the instagram account @vivo_id)

Advertising is a form of persuasive communication with the aim of attracting consumers' buying interest in the advertised product. This research aims to determine whether there is an influence of exposure to Vivo contraceptive advertising on followers' buying interest from the Instagram account @vivo_id. This study uses a positivistic paradigm with a quantitative approach. Data was collected using a questionnaire to 100 @vivo_id followers. Based on the results of statistical tests, there is a strong, positive and significant relationship between exposure to Vivo contraceptive advertising and buying interest of @vivo_id followers. Besides that, the results of the coefficient of determination show that exposure to advertising for Vivo contraceptives has an influence of 89.49% on purchasing interest, while the remaining 10.51% is influenced by other factors.

An exploratory analysis of gastronomy tourism: The impact of dining attributes on satisfaction among young adult Indian travelers

Gastronomy tourism has become increasingly popular recently, drawing tourists looking for distinctive gastronomic experiences. For tourism organizations and destinations to succeed, it is crucial to comprehend the elements that go into client happiness in this area. This study attempts to dive into the thoughts of consumers and reveal how they view the crucial factors that influence their pleasure with gourmet tourism. The goal of this study is to find out what customers think are the most important parts of gastronomy tourism satisfaction based on their recent experiences. The study design is a cross-sectional survey that looks at different points in time. Convenience sampling, which is not based on chance, has been used. This study used a survey sampling technique and was based on the positivist paradigm of research. Method: A quantitative method (n = 300) called "structural equation modelling" was used. The study shows that, out of the five things that were looked at, convenience, creativity, and food quality are the most important for the success of gastronomy tourism. So, some conclusions have been made that will help managers in the tourism industry improve customer happiness. The results of this study could help both academics and people who work in the field. Gastronomy tourism is becoming more popular all over the world, but there are not a lot of scientific studies about it, especially when it comes to Indian tourists. So, this study can add to what is already known about this subject.

Ontology of Plagiarism: the Non Academic Perspectives

Existence of plagiarism is an occupation of education in two dimensions: for learning and a mental process construct of lack of acknowledgement of innovations in learning. Unfortunately, the common concepts of plagiarism has not been clarified in learning process. This paper argues that plagiarism is an inherent natural process of learning. With the objectives; to examine the intrinsic nature of plagiarism and to explore the trans-disciplinary existence of plagiarism in human knowledge as categorised by Dewey Classification scheme 000-999. The study applied positivist paradigm and investigated the existence in relationship between learning processes and plagiarism. The study quantitatively measured opinions of 28 participants in these processes using the Likert scale. Dewey Decimal Classification Systems was used to examine epistemic harnessing of plagiarism in the advancement of different disciplines. The findings were that plagiarism is a natural, intrinsic process of learning through which research, innovations and evolution builds on. The paper concludes by putting a case that acknowledgement and development of referencing and citation technologies are evidence of ontological realities of plagiarism and evidence of the learning process

Doctor's Responsibility for Delegation of Authority to Nurses that Cause Unexpected Events

Health, recognized as an essential entitlement for every individual according to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, holds substantial implications for community well-being. Article 28 H paragraph (1) upholds the entitlement of all individuals to health services, with the state being accountable for ensuring the availability of sufficient public service facilities. Nevertheless, the scarcity of physicians and healthcare professionals in Indonesia poses challenges to health services, particularly evident in the low ratio of doctors per 1000 population. Collaboration between doctors and nurses is imperative, with the delegation of authority serving as a form of joint action. However, understanding the legal aspects of authority delegation often proves to be an intricate matter in this professional relationship. This study aims to explore the practice of handing over physicians to nurses at Rajagaluh Health Center and the factors that influence its implementation. With a legal approach and positivism paradigm, this study uses qualitative descriptive methods with primary data from the Rajagaluh Health Center and secondary sources from books, journals, websites, and related research. The research instrument focused on medical record analysis to collect data related to the practice of delegation of authority, influence factors, and responsibilities of doctors for unexpected events. The study aims to contribute theoretically to the advancement of science, particularly in the realm of health law. Simultaneously, it endeavors to enhance practical comprehension regarding the delegation of authority between doctors and nurses, along with offering a comprehensive perspective on patient safety within

Mathematics teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs and its relationship with teaching practices

Given that teachers’ self-efficacy belief is correlated with students’ performance and positive behavior in terms of teaching, the present study examined the teaching practices of mathematics teachers and their self-efficacy beliefs with regard to some variables (gender, educational background, teaching phase, and school type). This study is underpinned by a positivist paradigm and a quantitative research approach. The researchers employed a survey research design. The population for this study is made up of all mathematics teachers in schools located in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa from which a total of 266 mathematics teachers teaching in senior phase, further education and training phase, and intermediate phase were randomly sampled. In order to collect data, teachers teaching practice self-efficacy scale, which consisted of 23 items and four dimensions was employed. One-way analysis of variance, independent samples t-test, and arithmetic mean were conducted in analyzing the collected data. Despite having a high degree of confidence in their instructional strategies, teachers’ low self-efficacy beliefs were found to be influenced by the kind of schools, where they were teaching and their level of education. Based on these findings, it was recommended that relevant stakeholders in the education sector should make schools conducive to learning through the provision of required instructional materials that supports the teaching and learning of mathematics.

Employee engagement at a private higher education institution during the COVID-19 pandemic

Orientation: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, organisations, including higher education institutions, had to shift their thinking regarding traditional work models to new ones conducive to the lockdown.Research purpose: This study investigated employees’ levels of engagement during work-from-home (WFH) within a private higher education institution in South Africa in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Motivation for the study: While some studies have looked at the effect of WFH on employee engagement, few studies could be located that look at this phenomenon within a private higher education setting.Research approach/design and method: This study adopted the positivistic research paradigm using a quantitative research approach. The target population included 133 personnel. Total population sampling was used, and the data were collected by administering an online survey using the 17-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), independent sample t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and effect sizes were used to analyse the data. A satisfactory response rate of 79% was realised.Main findings: The study found that despite the difficulties and anxieties brought about by the radical shifts to WFH, the personnel could still thrive and show high levels of engagement. This was attributed to positive drivers of engagement such as autonomy, psychosocial safety, convenience, social union, and most importantly, organisational support.Practical/managerial implications: Work-from-home is regarded as a viable work arrangement for the foreseeable future. Private higher education should take note of the suggestions put forward to improve, sustain and manage employee engagement successfully.Contribution/value-add: This study contributes to the body of knowledge surrounding employee engagement in the WFH context within the private higher education sphere.

Analysis of The Influence of Situational Digital Advertising Through Online Video Sharing and Social Media Platform on Customers Intention to Purchase at E-Commerce Application Shopee

This research aims to determine the effect of advertising exposure on shopping interest. The paradigm used in this research is the positivism paradigm. This study uses a quantitative approach. This research uses non-experimental research methods with a type of method, namely the survey method. The population in this study were students. The number of samples in this research was 100. The primary data for this research uses data obtained from a questionnaire that has been distributed in the form of a Google Form. The linear regression test in this research uses product moments with SPSS version 24 for Windows. Based on the findings and discussion of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the level of advertising exposure is in the medium category with a percentage of 60%. The level of interest in shopping through applications is also in the medium category, with a percentage of 40%. From the research results, it can be concluded that advertising exposure influences shopping interest. Based on the results of the t-value, namely 3.5 > 1.98, The coefficient of determination in this equation has a positive value of 12.5%. This figure means that the advertising exposure variable does not have a big influence on shopping interest at 12.5%. Other factors that were not considered in this study contributed the remaining 87.5%. So the conclusion is that if the advertising exposure variable increases, then interest in shopping through the application will also increase. Vice versa, if advertising exposure decreases, shopping interest also decreases.

Pengaruh Konten Tiktok Pandawara Group terhadap Sikap Peduli Lingkungan Gen Z

Currently, it is undeniable that almost every hour or even minute, social media is always enjoyed by all groups, especially generation Z, social media is an interaction between one person and another creating, sharing, exchanging and modifying ideas or ideas in the form of virtual communication or internet networks in real time. The social media platform that is currently often in demand or popular in Indonesia is Tiktok. With Tiktok, a person or group can be famous or become viral because of the content they make, one of the TikTok accounts that is currently viral is the Pandawara Group. The Pandawara Group itself is a group of young people from Bandung who create content on Tiktok with clean-up actions in various places. This study aims to determine the influence of Tiktok Pandawara Group content on the environmental care attitude of Generation Z. This study uses a quantitative approach and positivism paradigm. The sampling method in research uses non-probability sampling techniques and purposive sampling methods. The results of this study indicate that Pandawara Group's TikTok content has a moderate positive influence on environmental care attitudes, namely 57.4%, while the remaining 42.6% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.

INSTRUCTIONAL SUPERVISION AND TEACHER COMPETENCE ENHANCEMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN GREATER ARUA, UGANDA

The development of teacher competence has been essential throughout history because the quality of every education system depends on the quality of its teachers. This study investigated the relationship between instructional supervision and teacher competence enhancement in secondary schools in Greater Arua, Uganda. Specific objectives were to examine the relationship between directive, collaborative and non-directive supervision and teacher competence enhancement in secondary schools in Greater Arua. The study hypothesised that there was no statistically significant positive relationship between directive, collaborative and non-directive supervision and teacher competence enhancement in secondary schools in Greater Arua, Uganda. The Positivist paradigm and a correlational design were adopted. The population comprised secondary school teachers (n=241) of selected secondary schools in Arua City and Arua District, Uganda. The data collection method was a survey. Study hypotheses were tested using the Pearson Correlation technique. The results revealed a positive relationship between directive supervision (r = 0.144** sig = 0.026), collaborative supervision (r = 0.145*, sig = 0.024) and non-directive supervision (r = 0.161* sig = 0.012, and teacher competence enhancement. The study concluded that all three dimensions of developmental supervision (directive, collaborative and non-directive) have a positive relationship with teacher competence enhancement. As a recommendation, school-based supervisors should apply a supervisory approach according to the competence level of a teacher. Ministry of Education and Sports should organise regular workshops and seminars for school-based supervisors on the principles of instructional supervision.

Collaborative Work as a Tool for Strengthening Communication Skills in a Public School in Puerto Maldonado

The objective of the research was to determine the incidence of collaborative work in the achievement of communication skills in students of a public educational institution, Puerto Maldonado 2023. The study was carried out using a positivist paradigm, quantitative approach, applied type, quasi-experimental design, the population and school sample were made up of 99. The results Once the program was applied to the GE on communication skills, in the post test it was possible to show that they had a substantial improvement, reaching the high levels 54 %, medium 46 %, compared to the CG that they are still at low 42,9 % and medium 55,1 % levels, this demonstrates the significance of the stimulus. In conclusion, there is an incidence in the collaborative work program in the achievement of communication skills in students of a public educational institution

Unforeseen Effects of the Post-Provisioning Model in Principal’s Administrative Roles in South African Public Schools

This study aims to investigate the effects of the Post-Provisioning Model in the management of public secondary schools in the King Cetsh wayo district of Kwa Zulu-Natal province in South Africa. Apart from previous studies on PPM, this investigation was conducted quantitatively to present numerical data. Since the study presented numerical data, this study was found grounded in the positivist paradigm. The literature findings reveal that school principals experience poor strategic management, lack of capacity-building workshops, poor filling of vacant posts; failure to manage educator job satisfaction, late admission of learners, and poor redeployment processes of educators. Empirical findings of this study also confirm such effects of PPM which threatens school management roles. The paper concludes by the submissions that there is a need to revise PPM implementation to address challenges and support the management roles of school principals. Moreover, there is a need to incapacitate school managers regarding the management of PPM for its effective implementation.

Smuggling Activities and School Environment as Correlates of Students’ Learning Outcomes in Economics

Smuggling activities across borders by individuals who want to evade the payment of customs duties and tax is not a new trend, but the involvement of secondary school students whose schools are sited in border towns is novel. Thus, the study sought to investigate the correlation between smuggling activities and the school environment on learning outcomes in Economic concepts in secondary schools. The study is underpinned by the Rational Choice Theory within the positivism paradigm. The study was designed using descriptive survey research. A sample size of 320 respondents was obtained through the use of stratified random sampling. Two (2) self-developed instruments were used to collect data; students’ questionnaire on smuggling activities (SQOSA) and an economics achievement test (EAT). Pearson’s correlation conducted on the data collected from the respondents and multiple regression analysis utilizing the step-wise method indicated that the best of the predictors were smuggling of fairly used clothes, fairly used tyres and small firearms accounted for the poor performance in economics concepts at the p < .05 level. The study which is hinged on the rational choice theory concludes that the participation of students in secondary schools in smuggling activities is a result of proximity to border towns which affects their academic performance in economics concepts, hence, the study recommends that schools in future should not be located near border posts, while the ones presently close to the border be upgraded into full boarding schools with a high-security network to prevent the students from participating in smuggling activities.

Qualitative research training in graduate programs in Public Health: an overview in Brazil

This article analyzes the evidence of qualitative research training in graduate programs in Public Health accredited by Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) in Brazil in 2021. To map out the disciplines, the Sucupira Platform was accessed to locate the graduate programs in Public Health, and the institutional portals were searched. A total of 98 courses were identified. Using reflective thematic analysis, it was possible to group the data production and the characterization of the courses into the following macro categories of analysis: (a) workload and type of course offered (mandatory or optional); (b) teaching-learning objectives; (c) content (with emphasis on the investigation of scientific paradigms or different theoretical-methodological approaches to qualitative research); (d) teaching-learning methodologies. The results show that only 40.4% of the courses are mandatory and the predominant teaching-learning objectives focus on instrumentalization and enabling graduate students to create research projects. In total, 59.3% of the courses did not inform the type of teaching-learning methodology. There is a gap in the use of digital technologies and spaces and a predominance of the text-based approach. Furthermore, the epistemological-theoretical training is fragile. The learning of the Positivist paradigm predominates over the interpretive paradigm of critical theories/traditions. The article concludes by systematizing elements for a training itinerary with increasing degrees of complexity, intentionally structured and developed in an institutional environment that fosters decoloniality and epistemic reparation.

Regarding the interpretation of the essence of legal responsibility in the scientific heritage of supporters of the positivist paradigm of the mid – 19th – early 20th centuries in Ukraine

Regarding the interpretation of the essence of legal responsibility in the scientific heritage of supporters of the positivist paradigm of the mid – 19th – early 20th centuries in Ukraine

Math’s Anxiety: Classroom Culture as a Causing Factor

The aim of this study is to find out the basis of math’s anxiety: classroom culture as a causing factor. A quantitative research strategy based on the positivist paradigm was used. The main objective of this study was to identify the causes of math’s anxiety over the classroom circumstances. A random sample of 190 respondents in the tenth grade—95 boys and 95 girls—was chosen from among the students enrolled in the 19 community schools in the Kathmandu district. A self-made questionnaire with 35 statements and five-point Likert-type response options were used to collect data. Expert feedback was used to confirm the validity of the self-developed questionnaire, and reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha, which found out to be 0.82 using Delphi methodology. In accordance with the loading components, I had all four components prepared. It was concluded that, overcrowded classroom, attitude towards mathematics, pessimistic past experience and comparative culture are the main causing factors of math’s anxiety.

Parenting styles and digital literacy: Uncovering their correlation among adolescents

Background: The development process of digital literacy is gradual and significantly influenced by parenting style. How parents raise their children significantly impacts how well-trained adolescents are in media-related behaviour. Purpose: The study aims to examine the relationship between the digital literacy levels of adolescent - students at the Faculty of Communication Science, Universitas Islam Bandung - and the parenting styles they experience within their families. Methods: This research employed a quantitative approach within the positivistic paradigm. It involved a sample of 120 students. Results: This study revealed that adolescents from families with authoritative parenting styles exhibited higher levels of digital literacy than those from authoritarian, permissive and neglectful families. Meanwhile, adolescents from neglectful family backgrounds demonstrated the lowest degree of digital literacy. These findings provide a foundation for developing adolescent digital literacy and, consequently, promoting cyber wellness by achieving a balance between online and offline life. Conclusion: This research indicated no significant relationship between parenting style and students’ digital literacy at the Faculty of Communication, Universitas Islam Bandung. Implications: Nevertheless, it is worth noting that students raised within a family with an authoritative parenting style tend to exhibit higher digital literacy abilities, although the difference is not statistically significant. This study also introduces a comparative theory, highlighting the contrast between students, who are digital natives, and their parents, who can be considered digital immigrants.

Examining the Effect of Privatized Primary Schools on the Quality of Education under Punjab Education Foundation (PEF)

The primary purpose of the present research work was to analyze the effects of privatization on the quality of primary schools in Punjab working under the Punjab Education Foundation (PEF) and to find out the factors which positively or negatively impact on quality of education. The study was conducted under the positivism paradigm with the quantitative methodology. Two self-developed 5-point Likert scale questionnaires were used to collect data. The cross-sectional survey design was adopted to collect data from the participants. A multistage sampling technique was used to draw data from 746 teachers. The perception of teachers in those privatized schools helped to evaluate and measure the impacts and effects of the PEF schools on the quality of education. Data was analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 21. The result indicates a small correlation (r=.435) between privatization and quality of education. The result showed a significant correlation (r=.231) between privatization and quality of education. It was discovered that public schools lack the infrastructure, resources, and perceived quality that PEF-funded institutions do. A significant correlation was found between student outcomes and the quality of PEF schools. A conducive physical environment in classrooms satisfies the psychological and social well-being of students and up-to-date teaching-learning methodologies help to enhance the quality of education in PEF schools.

The Impact of Workforce Diversity Management on Organizational Performance: A Study in Nepalese Hospitality Sector

Background: The 1960s and 1970s in the United States marked a pivotal era in recognising the importance of workplace diversity and equal opportunities, leading to the establishment of the President's Committee on Equal Employment and the enactment of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. This historical backdrop has evolved into a contemporary emphasis on diverse dimensions, such as demographic, cultural, and cognitive aspects, underscoring its critical role in improving organisational performance—an insight extended to the study's focus on Nepal's hospitality sector. Objectives: This research aims to investigate the impacts of workplace diversity on organisational performance with the mediating role of inclusion and employee engagement solely. Methods: The study followed a positivist research paradigm, deductive reasoning, a causal-comparative research method, and snowball sampling techniques for its procedural operations. The study's target populations were the staff employed in hospitality sectors in Nepal. The study incorporated 439 as a sample size. The structured survey questionnaire was used to collect the primary data. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics like percentages, frequency, and structural equation modelling. In order to analyse the data, SPSS 20 and AMOS 22 were used. Results: The study supports hypotheses related to the positive influence of workforce diversity on employee inclusion, the positive effects of employee inclusion and engagement on organisational performance, and the partial mediation role of both employee inclusion and engagement in the relationship between workforce diversity and organisational performance. However, the study rejects hypotheses suggesting a direct impact of workforce diversity on employee engagement and organisational performance in the Nepalese hospitality sector. Conclusions: The crucial role of fostering employee inclusion positively impacts loyalty and effort. While workforce diversity may not directly impact organisational performance, focusing on inclusion can lead to better outcomes. Organisations are urged to prioritise creating inclusive environments for enhanced employee commitment and to better align with the needs of a diverse customer base. Implications: This research benefits human resource (HR) managers and businesses as it furnishes information that can be utilised to enhance legislative frameworks and establish measures for monitoring employee diversity policies. The findings of this study also aid established and emerging businesses in determining crucial considerations related to staff diversity. Employees currently employed will benefit from this research as it sheds light on the significance of staff diversity in terms of organisational success and growth. Paper type: Research Paper Key Words: Quantitative research, Diversity management, Gender, Age, Hospitality.

Students’ Satisfaction on Service Quality at Prithvi Narayan Multiple Campus of Tribhuvan University in Nepal

This study examines the students’ satisfaction on service quality of PNC. The main objective of the study is to analyze the major influencing factors of academic aspect of service quality, to measure the relationship of academic aspect of service quality with students’ satisfaction and to analyze the impact of academic aspects on students’ satisfaction on service quality. Philosophical foundation of this research is based on positivist research paradigm. Based on the philosophical foundation, this research has used descriptive and analytical research design. Using multi-phase sampling technique, this study reveals major influencing factor of academic aspect of service quality is quality of lecturers. The overall students’ satisfaction towards service quality provided by PNC is more than average. The learning environment of academic aspect has more influence in students’ satisfaction. Overall, there is high degree of positive correlation between academic aspect of service quality and students’ satisfaction. For academic aspect of service quality, only learning environment shows a statistically significant impact on students’ satisfaction. This study shows that academic aspects of service quality have positive impact on students’ satisfaction.

THREATS TO OBJECTIVITY IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH

Objectivity in scientific research have been a frequently discussed issue in the scientific community given that interpretivist scholars have resisted the crucial role of the positivist paradigm which dominates in social sciences as well. This paper seeks to critically consider the main criterion (or principle) of scientific knowledge – objectivity – from the standpoint of social science research. The conducted analysis shows that objectivity is not only the key tenet of quantitative research, but also is equally important in qualitative studies which are used in numerous disciplines. The main objective of this paper is, in order to avoid various threats to objective research, to conceptualize this leading sicentific principle that may enhance the methodological quality of science; for example, lack of bias, replicability, reproducibility, etc.