Positive Reciprocal Relationship Research Articles

Exploring the Interplay between Stress Perception and Approach-Avoidance Achievement Goal Orientation among Rural Students in College: A Longitudinal Study in China.

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between stress perception and achievement goals among rural college students in China. Using a two-wave random intercept cross-lagged model, this study analyzed data from a longitudinal survey conducted at 15 public universities in Beijing. First, there was a significant decline in stress levels among Chinese rural students from their junior to senior years. Second, the achievement goal orientations of these students remained relatively stable during the period. Third, while no significant association was found between approach goals and stress perception, a clear positive reciprocal relationship emerged between avoidance goals and stress perception. These results suggest that educators should focus on alleviating the stress experienced by rural college students through academic, employment, and interpersonal support to break the vicious cycle of stress perception and avoidance goal orientation. Future research should further explore the influence of diverse group characteristics and emotional states on these outcomes.

Relationship between enforcement of labor social welfare laws and internal CSR, job satisfaction: a qualitative study at commercial banks in Vietnam

This study aimed to explore the relationship between three factors: enforcement of labor social welfare labor laws, internal corporate social responsibility (CSR) implementation, and job satisfaction as perceived by managers in the commercial banking sector. The research utilized a qualitative research method – in-depth interviews based on a semi-structured questionnaire with 20 experienced managers from 11 commercial banks in Vietnam, an emerging economy. Findings indicated a positive reciprocal relationship between enforcement of social welfare labor laws and internal CSR responsibilities of enterprises. Additionally, enforcing labor social welfare laws and internal CSR implementation positively impacted employee job satisfaction. The study also identified five aspects of internal CSR implementation towards employees: (1) timely and full payment of wages, bonuses, and benefits; (2) establishing a conducive work environment; (3) policies addressing human rights, health, and safety at work; (4) fair and democratic treatment, providing training and career advancement opportunities, and protecting employees through organizational activities; (5) having legal norms, procedures, mechanisms for recording, feedback, monitoring, and reasonable evaluation of job performance. These findings contribute to enriching both theoretical understanding and practical implications regarding the interplay of these three factors in commercial banks, encouraging managers to effectively implement social welfare laws and internal CSR implementation. AcknowledgmentThis collaborative research involves scholars from the University of Law - Hue University and Duy Tan University. The authors extend their gratitude to both institutions for their support and assistance in facilitating the publication of this research. In addition, the authors would like to thank the Editor-in Chief and a reviewer for their helpful comments that in our view have helped to improve the quality of the manuscript significantly. This study was conducted based on decision No. 4741/QD-ĐHDT dated October 18, 2023 of Duy Tan University, Vietnam.

Enhancing equitable inclusion for the Pasifika diaspora in mainstream Australia, using Pasifika methodologies within higher education and community settings

PurposeThis paper identifies the value of Indigenous processes in developing a reciprocal working relationship between a Pasifika grass roots community organisation, Pasifika Church and an Australian university. The focus is on the capacity of Indigenous methodologies to authentically attain equity, diversity and inclusion, during the development of stakeholder partnerships, particularly when there are power and resource imbalances between parties.Design/methodology/approach This paper is about the process of how Pasifika methodologies, namely talanoa, e-talanoa and teu le va, were used to create positive reciprocal relationships in a culturally grounded manner. The outcome was an agreement of the three stakeholders, the Pasifika Church, the Pasifika organisation and a tertiary institute to work together on a community educational and training project.Findings The agreement by all parties to adopt Indigenous methodologies from inception enabled the process to be community-led in a culturally safe manner. Critically, these cultural processes established a foundation of trust, expanding possibilities for shared work and projects. For migrant communities, the advocacy and employment of cultural methodologies can empower them through negotiations to maintain their sovereignty over their Indigenous knowledge and priorities. Similarly, it is important for universities and mainstream organisations not only to acknowledge power imbalances and to support community-led priorities but also to cede power around processes of negotiation and discussion.Research limitations/implications This is an experience of four organisations working together. It is uncertain whether the same outcome could be attained with other organisations, personalities and cultural groups.Practical implications The same principles may be harnessed for other migrant communities, allowing for their cultural practices to inform the ways in which stakeholders work together as opposed to the often-dominant euro-centric practices of the West. It is a deliberate effort that privileges Indigenous ways of being, knowing and doing.Social implications Migrant communities that perhaps may be subject to the more Western dominant environment are empowered to use their cultural frameworks to create an equal ground with government, tertiary and not-for-profit stakeholders.Originality/value This article is one of the first in Australia to document how talanoa, e-talanoa and teu le va were used to develop a working partnership in a culturally grounded manner to uphold the sovereignty of grassroots Indigenous organisations. This strengthens relationships between migrant communities and mainstream organisations. It outlines Pasifika protocols and successful use of equitable decision-making, led by a grassroots community organisation, a Pasifika Church, whilst liaising with a multi-campus university.

Optimizing Organizational Performance Through a Conversation-Based Performance Management System Approach

This study examines the need for an effective performance management system within organizations. Prior research indicates that such systems significantly enhance business outcomes (Pulakos, Mueller-Hanson & Arad, 2019). O’Kane, McCracken & Brown (2022) introduced a conversation-based performance management model grounded in social exchange theory (SET), suggesting that discussions between supervisors and subordinates foster positive reciprocal relationships. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of the performance management system implemented by a private trading company in Indonesia. The qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with the Board of Directors, HRD, Line Managers, and Staff, as well as focus group discussions with Senior Managers. Findings reveal gaps in the system's implementation, notably the absence of feedback processes central to this model. Identified factors contributing to these gaps include goal alignment, feedback frequency, skills development, and formality, alongside environmental factors such as design, development function, buy-in, culture, and linkage with other systems. The study underscores the importance of feedback and explores the system's effectiveness from various perspectives, offering insights that contribute to the literature on performance management systems, particularly conversation-based approaches in private companies in Indonesia.

Insta-identity: The longitudinal reciprocal relationship between authentic and positive self-presentation on Instagram and the sexual identity development of sexual minority youth

Social media such as Instagram have provided sexual minority youth with safer contexts to express their sexual identity authentically and positively. However, as much of the existing literature draws upon small-scale, cross-sectional, and/or qualitative designs, it is currently unclear how authentic and positive self-presentation on social media informs sexual identity development over time. This study therefore explored the longitudinal relationship between authentic and positive self-presentation on Instagram, and the sexual identity clarity and self-acceptance of sexual minority youth. The moderating effect of micro- (i.e., peer feedback on Instagram) and macro-level (i.e., cultural context) social factors was also examined. Two-wave survey data were collected from 729 sexual minority youth from the United States, the Czech Republic, and Poland (M age = 18.54, SD = 1.63, Female = 76.82%), and data were analyzed using a multi-group cross-lagged panel model. A positive reciprocal relationship was found between positive self-presentation on Instagram and self-acceptance, whilst the associations between sexual identity clarity and self-presentation were moderated by peer feedback on Instagram. Cultural context had no moderating effect on the hypothesized model. Results suggest that whilst a dynamic relationship exists between sexual identity development and self-presentation on Instagram, peer feedback on Instagram may inform the frequency and effects of potentially adaptive self-presentation. This study therefore sheds new light on the developmental and social factors that inform the social media use of sexual minority youth, and findings extend our understanding of how social media contributes to sexual identity formation.

Acceptance of disability, attitudes toward disability, and coping in adolescents with visual impairments: A cross-lagged study.

This study aims to understand the reciprocal relationships among acceptance of disability, attitudes toward disability, and coping among Chinese adolescents with visual impairments. Adolescents with visual impairments (NT1 = 311, NT2 = 170) from four Chinese special education schools completed three questionnaires twice over 1 year. Cross-lagged panel modeling was carried out to analyze the questionnaire data. The findings revealed that attitudes toward disability and self-directed coping at Time 1 (T1) positively predicted acceptance of disability at Time 2 (T2). Self-directed coping at T1 positively predicted attitudes toward disability at T2, and attitudes toward disability at T1 negatively predicted relinquished-control coping at T2. Visually impaired adolescents' attitudes toward disability and coping serve as antecedents of their acceptance of disability. There is a positive reciprocal relationship between coping and attitudes toward disability. Psychological interventions aimed at optimizing psychosocial adjustment among students with visual impairments may benefit from targeting coping strategies and attitudes toward disability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Once a job crafter, always a job crafter? Investigating job crafting in organizations as a reciprocal self-concordant process across time

Research depicts job crafting as a desirable, ongoing employee behavior rather than a one-off event. However, insights are lacking into how employees’ active engagement in job crafting may be sustained across time. In this study, we advance a dynamic framework of how changes that follow employees’ periods of job crafting may, in turn, motivate versus impede continued crafting of one’s job role over time. Drawing from self-concordance theorizing, we propose and test a framework on how job crafting and employees’ attainment of self-concordant and organizational work goals are reciprocally related over time. Longitudinal data from a large, three-wave study collected over four years among church ministers support a positive reciprocal relationship between job crafting and self-concordant goal attainment, as well as an indirect positive relationship between job crafting and organizational goal attainment via self-concordant goal attainment. However, in line with our theorizing, organizational goal attainment did not predict subsequent job crafting. Instead, high organizational goal attainment weakened the extent to which job crafting at one time point positively related to job crafting at the next time point. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings for employees’ continued engagement in job crafting in organizations.

Encouraging Students to Co-Construct and Co- and Self-Regulate Their Learning Within a Cooperative Learning Environment in Physical Education

Purpose: Improving students’ learning is dependent on students’ participation, meaningfulness, and value of the teaching–learning process. This study explores students’ learning experiences when undertaking the role of co-constructors and co- and self-regulators in a cooperative learning environment. Methods: The study included 110 school students aged between 15 and 18 years from four physical education preservice teachers’ classes. Data were collected through student focus group interviews, a postteaching units’ survey, students’ class reflections, and the researcher’s field notes. Results/Discussion: Data report that (a) having access to learning goals and assessment criteria was essential for the co-construction and co- and self-regulation processes, (b) there is a positive reciprocal relationship between students’ involvement in co-construction and co- and self-regulations, and (c) co-construction and co- and self-regulations were strengthened by students’ involvement in cooperative learning and vice versa.

AGING AND SEXUAL RELATIONSHIPS: RECIPROCAL RELATIONS BETWEEN PHYSICAL PLEASURE AND EMOTIONAL SATISFACTION

Abstract Previous research has found significant associations between physical pleasure and emotional satisfaction in sexual relationships. However, much of this research is cross-sectional and has focused on young and middle-aged adults. The present study examined data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). Physical pleasure and emotional satisfaction were assessed at three points in time (2005/2006; 2010/2011; and 2015/2016). Only data from individuals who were alive at all time points were used in the analysis. Three cohorts were examined: at time 1, the first cohort ranged in age from 57-64, the second cohort from 65-74, and the third cohort from 75-85. We examined reciprocal relations between physical pleasure and emotional satisfaction across time using a Random Intercepts Cross-Lagged Panel Model. The results revealed a positive reciprocal relationship between emotional satisfaction and physical pleasure among the first cohort, with emotional satisfaction at time 1 positively associated with physical pleasure at time 2, which in turn was positively associated with emotional satisfaction at time 3. For the second cohort, physical pleasure at time 2 predicted emotional satisfaction at time 3. Relationships among the two variables were not significant for the third cohort. The implication of this study would be to inform older adults in ongoing sexual relationships on the need to invest in activities that enhance physical pleasure and emotional satisfaction. Future research could examine what variables might account for reciprocal relationships being found for the first as opposed to the third cohort.

경찰 직무만족도와 시민 치안만족도의 상호 인과관계

This study aims to analyze the reciprocal causal relationship between police job satisfaction and citizens' satisfaction with public safety. Utilizing secondary data collected from 252 police stations nationwide from 2016 to 2019, a cross-lagged panel model was employed for the analysis. The findings indicated a positive reciprocal relationship between police job satisfaction and citizens' satisfaction with public safety, corroborating the “Satisfaction Mirror” theory. The results of this research reaffirm the interdependent relationship between the police and citizens, presenting a longitudinal study that, in contrast to prior research, emphasizes the dynamic interaction between the two variables at the organizational level. However, as the findings are anchored in the culture and specific timeframe of one country, caution should be exercised when applying them to nations or regions with different backgrounds. Future studies should account for these limitations, analyze differences across countries and regions, and deeply explore the intricacies of the relationship by incorporating a broader spectrum of factors.

Effect Of Investment and employment on Economic Growth

This study aims to determine the effect of investment and labor on economic growth. This study uses a qualitative method. In this study, researchers used a data collection method, namely library research or literature by citing several literature studies such as several articles related to problems related to economic growth. The research is descriptive in nature which tends to use analysis that focuses on in-depth observations. Based on the results discussion, the rate of economic growth and investment has a positive reciprocal relationship. This reciprocal relationship occurs because on the one hand, the higher the economic growth of a country, it means that the greater share of income that can be saved, so that the investment created will be even greater. The number of workers in Indonesia has influential results and also chooses a positive relationship with Indonesia's economic growth, with an increase in the number of people working in Indonesia it is hoped that the productivity of the workforce will increase so that this can spur economic growth in Indonesia.

What Students and Teachers Do to Build Positive Reciprocal Relationships: A Study Co-Led by Youth and Adult Researchers

What Students and Teachers Do to Build Positive Reciprocal Relationships: A Study Co-Led by Youth and Adult Researchers

The different effects of collective narcissism and secure ingroup identity on collective action and life satisfaction among LGBTQ+ individuals

For LGBTQ+ community members, one way to cope with the discrimination they experience is through a stronger ingroup identity. However, not all types of ingroup identity may be equally beneficial to LGBTQ+ individuals. A longitudinal ( N = 1,044) and a cross-sectional ( N = 8,464) study among LGBTQ+ people in Poland demonstrated that collective narcissism was a positive predictor of group-based anger (Study 2) and had a positive reciprocal relationship with group relative deprivation (GRD; Study 1), however, it was negatively related to life satisfaction and exhibited a stronger positive link with nonnormative than normative collective action. Secure LGBTQ+ identification was not longitudinally predicted by GRD (Study 1) and showed a weaker positive association with group-based anger (Study 2). It had a reciprocal positive relationship with life satisfaction and was a stronger predictor of normative than nonnormative collective action. These results show that whereas secure ingroup identity is a clearly positive coping mechanism, the effects of collective narcissism are mixed.

Examining the dynamics of mathematics anxiety, perceived cost, and achievement: A control-value theory approach

Concerns about the influence of students’ perceived negative consequences of engagement in a task (i.e., cost) on their emotions, motivation, and cognition have increased in the last decade. The use of longitudinal models is needed to provide new insights into the role of perceived cost in mathematics learning. Grounded in the control-value theory, this study examined cross-lagged relations of mathematics anxiety, perceived cost, and mathematics achievement. The participants (N = 335) reported their mathematics anxiety and perceived cost four times during Grades 7 and 8, and their mathematics grades were attained from their school records. Cross-lagged panel model analysis revealed evidence of a long-term positive reciprocal relationship between mathematics anxiety and effort/emotional cost, a gradually diminished relationship between effort/emotional cost and mathematics performance, and a positive achievement to anxiety link during the transition between grade levels. Moreover, mathematics performance is a distal predictor of mathematics anxiety through effort/emotional cost rather than a proximal predictor or an outcome of anxiety. This study also clarified the distinction in the central role of effort/emotional versus opportunity cost in the interrelatedness of mathematics anxiety and performance, where the latter failed to demonstrate significant paths. Specific timing for interventions was discerned. Early cost prevention interventions along with considerations of academic achievement to alleviate both anxiety and perceived effort/emotional are highlighted as crucial for a positive high school mathematics experience.

Reciprocal Associations between Depressive Symptoms, Life Satisfaction, and Eudaimonic Well-Being in Older Adults over a 16-Year Period.

The dual-continua model of mental health distinguishes between mental illness (presence of mental disorders, such as depression) and mental well-being (presence of positive traits and abilities). This model also distinguishes between hedonic well-being (e.g., affect balance and life satisfaction) and eudaimonic well-being (i.e., optimal psychological and social functioning, as indicated for example by having a purpose in life). We examined the relationships between depressive symptoms (a common indicator of mental illness), life satisfaction, and eudaimonic well-being. The study used a sample of 17,056 participants from England whose data were collected at eight intervals of approximately two years over a 16-year period, from 2004 to 2019. The mean age of the sample in the first wave was 58.843 years, with a standard deviation of 12.617 years (women = 55.2%). We disentangled within- and between-person sources of variance to examine whether increases or decreases in one variable preceded changes in the other variables at the next time point. We found positive reciprocal relationships between life satisfaction and eudaimonic well-being and negative reciprocal relationships between the two well-being dimensions and depressive symptoms. These results suggest that within-person increases in well-being are followed by future decreases in depressive symptoms, and within-person increases in depressive symptoms are followed by future decreases in well-being. Therefore, low levels of mental well-being in older adults may be considered a risk factor for depression, and well-being interventions (such as those focused on meaning-making) may serve as a protective factor against depression in older adults.

Psychometric properties of the measure of achieved capabilities in homeless services

BackgroundPurposeful participation in personally meaningful life tasks, enjoyment of positive reciprocal relationships, and opportunities to realize one’s potential are growth-related aspects of a meaningful life that should be considered important dimensions of recovery from homelessness. The extent to which homeless services support individuals to achieve the capabilities they need to become who they want to be and do what they want to do is, in turn, an important indicator of their effectiveness. In this study, we developed a measure of achieved capabilities (MACHS) for use in homeless services settings, and assessed its construct and concurrent validity.MethodsWe analysed data collected from homeless services users at two time points in eight European countries to assess the factor structure and psychometric properties of the new measure. Participants were adults engaged with either Housing First (n = 245) or treatment as usual (n = 320).ResultsExploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded a four-factor structure of the capabilities measure: community integration, optimism, safety, and self-determination. We obtained evidence for construct validity through observed correlations between achieved capabilities and recovery, working alliance and satisfaction with services. Moreover, we obtained evidence of the measure’s concurrent validity from its positive association between HF and personal recovery, which was fully mediated by achieved capabilities.ConclusionsFindings demonstrate that the MACHS is a valid and reliable measure that may be used to assess the extent to which homeless services support their clients to develop capabilities needed for growth-related recovery. Implications for practice and future research directions are discussed.

Testing Effect of Social Sustainability Implementation on Company Resilience and the Economic Impact of COVID-19

This study aims to examine the effect of implementing social sustainability on companyperformance. This study took a sample of 250 employee respondents at all levels from160 companies in the motorcycle supply chain that were able to survive the pandemic.Using management commitment variables and financial support as exogenous variables,company performance as an endogenous variable, and social sustainability as mediatorvariables. The data was processed using SEM-PLS with a degree of variability of 5%to evaluate the direct and indirect relationship to company performance. The researchfindings show that all variables, namely management commitment, financial support,and social sustainability, are positively and significantly correlated with companyperformance. Different results are shown when measuring its indirect effect oncompany performance. Management commitment through the implementation of socialsustainability consistently shows a positive and significant correlation, while financialsupport shows a positive correlation although it is not significant to the company’sperformance. This result is influenced by the direct relationship of financial supportto social sustainability, which, although positively correlated, is not significant. Thisstudy also succeeded in identifying the implementation of social sustainability thatwas meaningful for the manufacturing sector being studied. This finding is a strongindication of a positive reciprocal relationship between the implementation of socialsustainability—employee loyalty—and company resilience. Hopefully, this kindof research can be expanded with different variables, indicators, and conditions tocomplement and enrich knowledge of sustainability.

Sense of coherence, off-job crafting, and mental well-being: A path of positive health development.

Our study examines the core concept of salutogenesis-sense of coherence (SOC)-in relation to off-job crafting (OJC) and mental well-being (MWB). The original salutogenic model of health mainly addresses the protective function of SOC against adversity. In our study, we focus on the recently proposed path of positive health development that captures how SOC can contribute to positive health and thriving. We present and test our theoretical assumptions about one such path, examining OJC as a possible mechanism how SOC translates into MWB. We tested our proposed model using cross-lagged panel model with three waves of panel data from Swiss and German employees (N = 2217). We compared our model to alternative nested models and conducted indirect effect analysis to test longitudinal mediation. Our hypothesized model fitted the data well and we found support for our main hypothesis that OJC partially mediates the relationship between SOC and MWB. Further, we identified positive reciprocal relationships between SOC and MWB, as well as between OJC and MWB. Overall, our study provides evidence that OJC is one mechanism underlying the recently postulated path of positive health development in the salutogenic model. For health promotion, this implies that promoting SOC and OJC may help to strengthen individual well-being and lead to positive feedback loops that foster personal development and thriving.

Individual ambidexterity after entrepreneurial failure in COVID-19 pandemic times: the influence of current employment status

PurposeThis study highlights the business failure experienced in pandemic times, its impact on entrepreneurs' perception of failure and the reciprocal relationship between entrepreneurs' perception of failure and individual ambidexterity.Design/methodology/approachThe study provides empirical evidence on interpreting the long-term outcomes of business failure in pandemic times and develops a deeper insight by utilizing a two-year research design (time 1: 2020 and time 2: first half of 2021). It draws on data from 200 entrepreneurs who experienced business failure in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic times which is a global crisis.FindingsThe results revealed that both challenge and hindrance appraisals of failure are associated with individual ambidexterity over time. Self-efficacy and social valuation of re-entry decisions are mediators between hindrance appraisal and individual ambidexterity on both time 1 and time 2. Moreover, there is a positive reciprocal relationship between self-efficacy and ambidexterity throughout the two time periods. In regard to participants' current employment status, hindrance appraisal, self-efficacy and perceptions of ambidexterity linkages were found to be significantly different in terms of unemployment and employment.Originality/valueTo the best of the author's knowledge, it is the first time that the individual ambidexterity of failed entrepreneurs was explored after hard times in the pandemic. It comprehensively helps to understand the importance of cognitive appraisal of hard times and identifies the perceptional and behavioral consequences of failure in entrepreneurship.

A self-enhancement perspective on organizational socialization: Newcomer core self-evaluations, job crafting, and the role of leaders’ developmental coaching

ABSTRACT Building on a self-enhancement perspective, we connect job crafting and organizational socialization research and propose that, based on their core self-evaluations (CSEs), newcomers use job crafting to create a resource-rich and stimulating work environment and construct a sense of organizational insider status during socialization. We hypothesize a positive reciprocal relationship between job crafting and insider status, and we also propose that leaders’ developmental coaching strengthens the positive effects of CSEs on job crafting and insider status. Survey data were collected from a four-wave sample of 125 newcomers at various organizations in China. The results showed that 1) positive CSEs were associated with more job crafting behaviours as well as higher perceptions of insider status, 2) job crafting and insider status were positively and reciprocally related to one another over time, and 3) leaders’ developmental coaching moderated the positive effect of CSEs on insider status, but not on job crafting, such that the association between CSEs and insider status was positive for higher levels of developmental coaching and non-significant for lower levels of leaders’ developmental coaching. These findings reveal a self-enhancement process during organizational socialization and the important role of leaders’ developmental coaching in such a process.