The purpose of the study was to study the adaptive ability to drought of collection varieties of cotton of the species G.hirsutum L. and G.barbadense L. with subsequent assessment of the technological properties of the fiber. An analysis of stress-depression of seed germination in a sucrose solution was used as an indicator of plant resistance to drought. The technological properties of the fiber were analyzed using the HVI (High Volume Instrument) electronic system in accordance with the unified international classification. It was established that, with the same intensity of the extreme factor, varieties of the same type of cotton differed significantly in the amplitude of changes in the physiological indicator, which made it possible to identify drought-resistant samples. Varieties Agdash-3, Ganja-2, AF-16, Karabakh-11, Zafar, Akala 1517 of the species G.hirsutum L. and varieties S-6002, 5230-V, Aspero, S-6022, AP-154, Agdash-21, Termez-74 of the species G. barbadense L. were characterized by drought resistance. All drought-resistant varieties of the species G. barbadense L. are characterized by a complex of positive fiber quality indicators. The variety Zafar within the species G.hirsutum L. was superior to other genotypes in this indicator. These cotton varieties are recommended to breeders for use in various breeding programs.