Positive Personality Research Articles

Collaboration of Teachers and Parents in the Formation of Students’ Virtuous Morality

Teachers and parents must be synchronous and integrated into providing education to students, especially for the moral formation of students. This study describes the program, form, and implications of cooperation between teachers and parents in forming student morality at SDI Mohamad Hatta and MI Al-Marhamah, Malang. This research uses a qualitative approach using case studies and multi-site designs. The research population at SDI Mohammad Hatta was 30 teachers, 368 parents, and 368 students, with a sample of 15 teachers, 50 parents, and 50 students. At MI Al Marhamah, on the other hand, there are 14 teachers, 150 parents, and 150 students with a sample of 7 teachers, 50 parents, and 50 students. Interviews, observations, and document search were used for data collection. The findings of this study are that there are three collaborative programs between teachers and parents in forming students' noble character, namely parenting, home visits, and self-development project programs. Collaboration between teachers and parents takes the form of activities to develop the learning process, talent, mentality, and culture. The implications of the cooperation program for teachers are to understand students' backgrounds better, appreciate parents' efforts in moral formation, and improve communication with parents. As for parents, they better understand their role, gain new perspectives about schools and teachers, and appreciate the role of teachers more. Students will have a more positive and quality personality. This research is expected to be able to provide new input and discourse to educational institutions in collaborating between teachers and parents in the formation of commendable morals of students as well.

The Personalities Analysis of “Jackson Maine And Ally” on “Star Is Born” Movie 2018

The purpose of this study is to describe the positive personality values and negative personality values of the main character in “a Star is Born Movie 2018”. In literary works, there are many things that can be done to be studied, but researcher only focused on the personalities of the two main players. The purpose of this research is to make it easier for readers to recognize the personality. This research is presented based on a literature review from experts, related to this research contains several topics that are used to support the analysis in this study. The literature review is used to strengthen the results of the study, several related keywords in the research of this film serve to facilitate the reader understands the important parts that will be explained in this study. The researcher has also compared this research with other studies related to personality research from a film. The method of this study is descriptive analytical method. Data and data sources are from the scenes and dialogues in this film which are collected by using documenting technique. The results of the study from this film are; Jackson's negative personality can be improved with the support, affection and hard work of Ally. The positive impact of both is that Jackson is trying to become a better person and Ally's career in music is increasing. from this film, we can get moral values that we can apply to families, students or people around us to instill a positive attitude and thinking in behaving and supporting each other and instilling love for others.
 
 Keywords: Personalities, A Star is Born Movie 2018, Literature Study

Performance of SARS-CoV-2 Antigens in a Multiplex Bead Assay for Integrated Serological Surveillance of Neglected Tropical and Other Diseases.

ABSTRACT.Serosurveillance can provide estimates of population-level exposure to infectious pathogens and has been used extensively during the COVID-19 pandemic. Simultaneous, serological testing for multiple pathogens can be done using bead-based immunoassays to add value to disease-specific serosurveys. We conducted a validation of four SARS-CoV-2 antigens—full-length spike protein, two receptor binding domain proteins, and the nucleocapsid protein—on our existing multiplex bead assay (MBA) for enteric diseases, malaria, and vaccine preventable diseases. After determining the optimal conditions for coupling the antigens to microsphere beads, the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were determined on two instruments (Luminex-200 and MAGPIX) when testing singly (monoplex) versus combined (multiplex). Sensitivity was assessed using plasma from 87 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) positive persons collected in March–May of 2020 and ranged from 94.3% to 96.6% for the different testing conditions. Specificity was assessed using 98 plasma specimens collected prior to December 2019 and plasma from 19 rRT-PCR negative persons and ranged from 97.4% to 100%. The positive percent agreement was 93.8% to 97.9% using 48 specimens collected > 21 days post-symptom onset, while the negative percent agreement was ≥ 99% for all antigens. Test performance was similar using monoplex or multiplex testing. Integrating SARS-CoV-2 serology with other diseases of public health interest could add significant value to public health programs that have suffered severe programmatic setbacks during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Personality impressions predict intergroup trust behaviour of Southern Chinese.

This research aimed to investigate whether the personality impressions Southern Chinese formed on people who were from South China or North China predicted intergroup trust. Study 1 adopted the one-shot trust game to measure intergroup trust, in which the participant decided the amounts of money they would like to invest with the members of the ingroup and the members of the outgroup. After that, they assessed the personality traits of the two groups with a set of trait words. Results suggested that participants invested more average amounts of money with the outgroup than with the ingroup, and the investment in the northerners was significantly correlated with the trait impressions of the northerners. Study 2 conducted a survey to specify the positive and negative aspects of personality impressions made on the two groups. Results revealed that some untrustworthy and dislike traits were regarded as the negative traits in the ingroup rather than in the outgroup, though participants distinguished the positive personality traits between the two groups. The complexity-extremity theory was applied to explain the results of preferring to trust the outgroup over the ingroup in relation to the representation of personality impressions of the two groups.

Efektivitas Self Assessment dan Peer Assessment Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Siswa

Measurement of student attitudes can be done through self-assessment and peer assessment which is a component of assessment in Curriculum 2013. Therefore the researcher wants to show how much effectiveness of self-assessment and peer assessment to form the character of student. With the formulation of the problem as follows: How the implementation of self-assessment and peer assessment to be effective in shaping the character of students? The results of this study show that; Self-assessment and peer assessment that is part of the assessment of the 2013 curriculum is the most effective assessment technique in shaping the character of the students. The character can have a positive impact, and if a positive personality has been established (self-actualization) then intellectual development (knowledge and skills) will also increase. This can be applicable in all areas of learning and will contribute to understanding the concepts within it.

A study of Mucocutaneous Manifestations of HIV infections & its relation with CD4 Count

AIDS was first recognized in the United States in 1981. In 1983, HIV was isolated and by 1984 it was demonstrated clearly to be the causative agent of AIDS. All countries in the world are facing HIV/AIDS occurrence as a major health problem. Dermatological involvement in AIDS has been appreciated since the days the disease was recognized as a cryptic acquired immune deficiency illness in homosexual men and before the causative virus was identified. HIV has been demonstrated in the dermis of infected individuals and may be present in langerhans cells. It is estimated that more than 90% of HIV- infected patients develop skin or mucous membrane disorders at some time during their infection. The knowledge of skin manifestations such as bacillary angiomatosis, Kaposi‘s sarcoma, oral candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia, may provide a clue for diagnosing a previously undetected HIV positive status. CD4 cell count is extremely important in staging of HIV infection and a revised classification of the center for disease control (CDC), Atlanta, USA (1993) divides HIV positive persons into three CD4 count categories: 1) 1>500/Ml; 2) 200- 499/Ml, 3) Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: In general a CD4 cell count of 200/mL is roughly equivalent to 20% of the lymphocyte count. The normal range for CD4 values vary between laboratories but they are around 500- 1300/mL for the absolute count and 38%- 65% for the percentage. The CD4 T lymphocytes; a subpopulation of the lymphocytes also known as T helper cells, are coordinators of the body‘s immune response, e.g. providing help to B cells in the production of antibody, as wells as in augmenting cellular immune response to antigens. Within hours of exposure to HIV, CD4 T lymphocytes are found to be infected showing active viral replication.

The Relationship Between Psychological Quality Education and Mental Health Level of College Students by Educational Psychology.

To enable all college students to have positive psychological quality and sound personalities, their potential should be fully realized, and their comprehensive ability should be improved to adapt to society. Empirical research is carried out by means of questionnaires, and the relationship between psychological quality education and the mental health level of college students is studied through correlation analysis and regression analysis. Firstly, the problems existing in college students’ psychological quality education are summarized from the perspective of educational psychology through questionnaires. Secondly, the data of college students’ psychological quality education and mental health level are collected, and the general situation and the relationship between college students’ psychological quality education and mental health level are analyzed and discussed by processing the existing data. The research results show that 51% of college students think that psychological quality education is only needed when there is a psychological problem; 47% of college students believe that the current educational content of the school’s psychological quality education focuses on the prevention and solution of students’ psychological problems; 83% of the students consider that the psychological quality education currently carried out by the college still adopts the more traditional teaching methods such as classroom lectures, psychological counseling and special lectures. In the process of predicting college students’ mental health level, psychological resilience plays a significant role, which can predict 21.1% of variables. Psychological resilience and optimism can jointly predict 26.4% of variables. These contents broaden the research field of college students’ psychological quality education, enrich the related research on it, and provide a reference for the intervention of college students’ psychological health in school situations.

Parent and Romantic Partner Behaviors during Adolescence as Predictors of Young Adult Positive Personality, Relational Competence, and Functional Independence.

Experiences with parents and romantic partners during adolescence are theorized to have long-term effects on youth development. However, little research has empirically examined the relative contributions of experiences in each type of relationship at different points during adolescence to positive development in young adulthood. The goal of the present study was to predict relative changes in youth positive personality characteristics, relational competence, and functional independence during young adulthood from specific behaviors experienced from parents and romantic partners during early and late adolescence. A diverse community sample of 147 individuals (59 males, 88 females) from the southeastern United States was repeatedly assessed across a 14-year period from age 13 to age 27. As hypothesized, parental acceptance and successful parental positive influence behavior toward adolescents at age 13 predicted relative increases in positive personality traits (e.g., agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability) between ages 23 and 27. These same parental behaviors measured at age 18 were less robust predictors of key outcomes relative to similar qualities of romantic relationships. Instead, romantic behaviors of toleration and appreciation at age 18 predicted relative increases in functional independence and relational competence between ages 23 and 27 (e.g., attachment closeness, reliable alliance, nurturance, and functional independence). Results suggest that parents' successful efforts to positively influence and accept their children during early adolescence may lay a foundation for future positive personality growth, and that similar positive behaviors experienced in late adolescent romantic relationships may help prepare youth to develop broader supportive social relationships and independence skills in young adulthood.

Бинарные оппозиции «свой – чужой» и «самость – тождественность» в контексте репрезентации идей бодипозитива в испаноязычном сегменте Instagram

This article studies the means of representation of burning social issues on social media. It focuses on the means of actualizing the Us/Them and Self/identity binary oppositions in Spanish-language Instagram blogging of body positive activists, which are investigated using the discursive, lexico-semantic, and multimodal analyses. Social polarization, manifested in the division of society into supporters and opponents of this ideology, is achieved through the actualization of the Us/Them binary opposition and is enhanced by the verbalization of the Self/identity opposition, which, in turn, manifests itself in including the recipient in the group of Us based on the principle of identity (sameness) and in opposing the recipient to Them through the expression of the Self (individuality) of body positive persons. At the text level, these binary oppositions are represented by the following linguistic means: possessive pronouns, pronouns as direct and indirect objects, verb forms, negative names for Them, as well as vocabulary with the semes “exclude/discriminate” and “imposing an opinion”. In addition, non-verbal visual elements of a creolized polylingual textual post semantically related to the oppositions were identified; these elements reinforce the key strategy – polarization – verbalized through showing Them in a bad light and Us in a good light. Communicating body positive ideas, Spanish-language Instagram bloggers frequently use words describing the human body (somatic naming units) and the attitude of Us and Them to the body. Verbalization of corporeality and perception of the body is of fundamental

Nursing students' attitudes and associated factors towards older people in Heilongjiang Province, northern China: Across-sectional study.

AimAttitudes toward older persons could affect services that are provided to them and change the value of the care they receive. The attitude of nursing students toward older persons is very important as it will affect their care of older patients in future. However, in China, the attitude of higher vocational nursing students toward older persons has not been widely studied. The purpose of this study is to explore the attitudes and factors toward older people among nursing students in higher vocational colleges in Heilongjiang Province.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted using cluster sampling. A total of 1106 nursing students from two higher vocational colleges in Heilongjiang Province participated. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors influencing nursing students’ attitudes toward older people.ConclusionThis study showed that the vocational college nursing students have a positive attitude towardolder persons. However, the proportion of respondents taking care of older persons as their first choice in their future career needs to be increased. Advanced vocational colleges should pay attention to the attitudes of nursing students toward older persons, and strengthen the education of career development planning, which has practical significance in meeting the diversified health needs of older persons and ensuring healthy aging.

Outcomes of pregnant patients treated with REGEN-COV during the COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUNDPregnant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are at increased risk for severe disease including hospitalization, intensive care admission, ventilatory support, and death. Although pregnant patients were excluded from investigational trials for pharmacologic treatments for COVID-19 illness, the National Institutes of Health treatment guidelines state that efficacious treatments should not be withheld from pregnant patients. An infusion of casirivimab and imdevimab (REGEN-COV), a monoclonal antibody therapy, was shown to reduce the risk of COVID-19–related hospitalization or death from any cause and resolved symptoms and reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral load more rapidly than placebo. In July of 2021, the Food and Drug Administration released an Emergency Use Authorization for REGEN-COV. Although pregnant persons were not included in the original trials, given the higher risk of morbidity and mortality in the pregnant population, our institution offered REGEN-COV to our pregnant patients beginning in August of 2021. Side effects after REGEN-COV administration are rare and thought to be secondary to COVID-19 rather than REGEN-COV.OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to track safety and clinical outcomes in unvaccinated pregnant patients who received REGEN-COV and to compare these outcomes with those of a contemporary cohort of patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and were eligible but did not receive REGEN-COV. Our hypothesis was that REGEN-COV administration during pregnancy is safe, and that pregnant persons who received REGEN-COV would experience less severe COVID-19 respiratory illness, with decreased length of hospital stay, rates of intensive care unit admission, and need for oxygen and other COVID-19 therapeutics.STUDY DESIGNThis is a retrospective cohort study of pregnant patients who either tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 or had a known exposure to a COVID-19–positive person, and were therefore eligible for REGEN-COV at our institution. Within this cohort, we compared those who received REGEN-COV with those who did not between March and October of 2021 at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. The main outcomes studied were perinatal outcomes, safety data, and the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.RESULTSFrom March to October of 2021, 86 pregnant people tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 via real-time polymerase chain reaction or had a confirmed exposure. In this group, 36 received REGEN-COV and 50 did not. There were no instances of infusion rate adjustment or discontinuation, anaphylaxis, or death among individuals who received REGEN-COV. One individual experienced worsening shortness of breath >24 hours after administration, which was classified as an infusion-related reaction. There were no significant differences in perinatal outcomes, length of hospitalization, rates of intensive care unit admission, additional pharmacologic treatment for COVID-19, or oxygen requirement between the 2 groups.CONCLUSIONAdministration of REGEN-COV is safe in pregnancy and did not increase adverse maternal, neonatal, or obstetrical outcomes. There was not a statistically significant difference in COVID-19–related outcomes in our high-risk population. Given the likely safety of this drug in pregnancy and its known benefits in the nonpregnant population, we advocate for the continued use of this therapy and encourage the development of future studies to enroll a larger and more diverse cohort to explore its efficacy further.

Clinical-epidemiological characteristics of adults hospitalized with Covid–19 in the Republic of Moldova

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has a major negative impact on health and socio-economic well-being. Understanding the characteristics of COVID-19 disease and identifying the wide range of factors affecting health and quality of life can be the key to providing viable solutions to improve the management of patients and their physical and psycho-emotional rehabilitation. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of SARS CoV-2 infection on the health status of adults hospitalized with the diagnosis of COVID-19 in the Republic of Moldova. Material and methods: The presented study is a retrospective, cohort, consisting of a sample of 7441 patients randomly selected, aged 18 y.o. and older, hospitalized in 10 public medical institutions in Chisinau, Moldova. Diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by detection of CoV-2 SARS RNA. The data in the patients’ medical records were processed and stored according to the unified, pre-established form, prepared in accordance with the requirements of the software „Electronic Patient Record COVID-19”. The severity of COVID-19 disease was assessed using two principles: (1) according to the criteria of the National Clinical Protocol PCN-371; (2) according to the 7-point graduated scale developed by the WHO Special Committee (V.3.0, 3 March 2020) in randomized multicenter clinical trials. Result: Only 30.07% patients mentioned the presence of a close contact with a COVID-19 positive person. The average age of the patients in the study was 52.83 years. Mild form was diagnosed in 5.00% of patients, medium - 66.15%, severe –20.67%, critical-8.18%. The main complaints of patients were fever, fatigue or physical asthenia, cough, and headache. More than 1/4 of those hospitalized have severe or critical forms of COVID-19; more than 1/3 - require oxygen therapy, and every 6-th patient needs non-invasive high-flow oxygen ventilation or mechanical ventilation. Old age, male sex, chronic comorbidities increase statistically significantly the probability of patients having an unfavorable prognosis in COVID-19. 7.93% of patients died, according to the age group: every 2-nd patient over 90 years, every 3-rd over 80 years, every 5-th over 70 years, and every 9-th over 60 years died. Conclusions: (1) The uncertainty of the source of infection lead to delay specific prophylactic public health measures; (2) In COVID-19, in a hospital-type medical management, the emphasis should be placed mainly on patients over the age of 50; (3) There is no specific clinical manifestation in COVID-19, that would allow to distinguish the disease from other pathologies; (4) Age over 60 y.o., male sex, and chronic cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidneys diseases and malignant tumors unfavorable influence the evolution of COVID-19; (5) Antibiotic administration remains at a high level in hospitalized patients and is often unjustified and unnecessary.

Exploration of the value of a positive psychology perspective for developing resilience in academic underachievement students in secondary school

Studies have shown that academic underachievement students in secondary school have lower levels of resilience and more problems. Positive psychology theory has been applied in different aspects of mental health education, academic underachievement students, and resilience in different groups of secondary school students, and it has implications for the study of resilience of academic underachievement students in secondary school. Therefore, this study starts from three major research areas of positive psychology, which mainly including positive emotional cognition, positive personality, and positive organizational systems. It also provides specific suggestions for the development of resilience in secondary school students in response to the current situation.

Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Karakter Anak Usia Dini Melalui Pembiasaan Dan Keteladanan

Character values ​​are positive traits, character and personality that are useful for others.The purpose of this study was to describe the activities of inculcating character values ​​through habituation and example of group A at RA Ihyaul Ulum Kedamean Gresik. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research with a case study approach. Data collection techniques used are semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and documentation. Based on the results of research that has been carried out by researchers on the children of group A RA Ihyaul Ulum Kedamean Gresik, that the character values ​​that are observed and are often raised in this educational unit through habituation and example there are 7 characters, namely religious, responsibility, tolerance, discipline, friendly/communicative, peace-loving, and socially caring.

Someone like me: The role of consumer brand engagement and social identification in the perception of luxury brand users

AbstractBased on social exchange theory and social identity theory, this article examined how displays of luxury—manipulated through the presence of luxury brand on clothes—affects consumers' perceptions. Through two experiments, we found that consumers with a high level of consumer brand engagement (CBE) assessed an individual with a visible logo of the brand, in which they were engaged, as higher in status, more intelligent and attractive. Moreover, we found a mechanism that explains this phenomenon. Identification with the brand user mediates these relationships, such that displays of luxury in individuals with high levels of CBE leads to identification with the brand user, which in turn enhances the perception of status, intelligence and attractiveness. These results indicate that luxury display may increase more positive person's perception among individuals who engage with the luxury brand. Summing up, our paper reveals that the phenomenon of luxury displays is not universal and should be treated not only in terms of an evolutionary adaptive strategy.

0289 Affect and Affective Personality during a Simulated First Night Shift

Abstract Introduction Shiftwork contributes to work-related stress and chronic partial sleep deprivation. A first night shift can be particularly problematical for many workers since they are required to adjust to working at night following a period of sleeping at night. Part of this adjustment involves emotional stability and reactivity including affect. The purpose of this study is to examine how affect and a related construct, affective personality, changes during a simulated first night shift. Methods Ninety undergraduate students, 60 males and 30 females (22.1 ± 3.0 years), participated in a simulated first night shift. As part of the night shift, the participants completed the PANAS test (using the cue: how they felt lately) assessing positive and negative affect four times during the simulated shift (6:30 pm, 10:30 pm, 3 am, 7:30 am). The PANAS data were grouped using median split values from the 6:30 pm survey into high and low positive and negative affect groups to represent four categories of affective personality (Self-Actualizing: high positive, low negative; High Affective: high positive, high negative; Self-Destructive: low positive, high negative; Low Affective: low positive, low negative). Results A 2x4 ANOVA found significant changes across the night for affect (p<.0001), a significant difference between positive and negative affect (p<.0001), and a significant interaction (p<.0001) with positive affect decreasing during the night but negative affect remaining stable. A Friedman Test found significant changes in affective personality across the night (p<.0001) with decreasing occurrences of Self-Actualizing and High Affective but increasing occurrences of Self-Destructive and Low Affective personality types. Conclusion These findings suggest that positive affect decreases during a first night shift which could reduce workers’ competence resulting in more performance errors and potential safety hazards. The change in affective personality suggests that these groupings are not personality traits but instead could be considered affective personality states. Managers and organizations should anticipate decreases in the positive affective personality states during a first night shift and may find that workers will be less adaptive and efficient. Support (If Any) This research funded in part by the Creative Inquiry Program at Clemson University.

Seroprevalence in health care workers during the later phase of the second wave: Results of three hospitals in Serbia, prior to vaccine administration

BackgroundSince the COVID-19 pandemic has started, Serbia has faced problems in implementing proper public health measures in the population, including non-pharmaceutical interventions, as well as protecting health care workers (HCWs) from disease, like all other countries. This study aimed to estimate COVID-19 seroprevalence and evaluate the risk perception of COVID-19 among HCWs in three different hospitals in Belgrade, Serbia: non-COVID hospital, Emergency Center (EC), and dedicated COVID hospital. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in three hospitals during the second wave of the outbreak in Serbia, from June to early October. All staff in these hospitals were invited to voluntarily participate in blood sampling for IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and questionnaire testing. The questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics, known exposure to COVID-19 positive persons, previous signs and symptoms related to COVID-19 infection since the outbreak had started in our country, and SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing. ResultsThe overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among 1580 HCWs was 18.3 % [95 % CI 16.4–20.3 %]. Significantly higher prevalence of HCWs with positive results for the serum IgG antibody test was observed in COVID hospital (28.6 %, 95 %CI: 24.0–33.6 %) vs. prevalence in the EC (12.6 %, 95 %CI: 10.1–15.4 %), and in the non-COVID hospital (18.3 %, 95 %CI: 15.2–26.7 %). The prevalence adjusted for declared test sensitivity and specificity would be 16.8 %; that is 27.4 % in COVID-19 hospital, 10.9 % in EC, and 16.8 % in non-COVID hospital. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the independent predictors for seropositivity were working in COVID-hospital, the profession of physician, and the presence of the following symptoms: fever, shortness of breath, and anosmia/ageusia. ConclusionsWe found an overall seropositivity rate of 18.3 % and 16.0 % of the adjusted rate that is higher than seroprevalence obtained in similar studies conducted before vaccinations started. The possibility that patients in non-COVID dedicated hospitals might also be infectious, although PCR tested, imposes the need for the use of personal protective equipment also in non-COVID medical institutions.

What does a personality science approach to post-traumatic growth reveal?

Recent research has advocated for the value of conceptualizing post-traumatic growth as positive personality change. However, most research continues to use both methodologically suspect assessment tools and unsupported theoretical assumptions. How can personality psychologists contribute to the pursuit of high-quality research on this topic? The current special issue, which grew out of the European Association for Personality Psychology (EAPP) expert meeting on “Integrating Post-Traumatic Growth and Personality Change”, held at the University of Nottingham, on September 16–17, 2019, includes 15 papers that (1) examine short-term change in multiple personality constructs after adversity, (2) highlight the limitations of only assessing post-traumatic growth with retrospective questionnaires, and (3) provide theoretical and methodological recommendations for the continued advancement of the study of post-traumatic growth through the lens of personality psychology. While these papers all address specific ways to advance the personality science of post-traumatic growth, collectively they highlight the many unanswered questions that future research should tackle.

Determinants of noncognitive skills: Mediating effects of siblings' interaction and parenting quality

AbstractThis paper sheds light on the formation process of noncognitive skills by examining the determinants of a host of personality traits. Using data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), for individuals in larger families (three or more children), we find having a same‐sex sibling leads to improved long‐run noncognitive skills and positive personality traits. The latter result is driven entirely by females. We examine potential mechanisms by exploring the links between parental investment and sibling interactions. The results could possibly speak to public actions to enhance child development and human capital accumulation.

Epidemiology of Hepatitis B, C and HIV in Gastrointestinal Tract Patients of Muzaffarabad Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

No HIV positive person was found by technique of PCR. 20-30 age group was most dominant in HBV, HCV HIV. Conclusion: Genetic constitution 1a is more dominant in HCV comparable to genetic constitution of 2b in HBV.