Positive Personal Experiences Research Articles

Principals’ Intentions to Promote Physical Education

The Principals’ Attitude toward Physical Education ( PAPE) survey was used to assess public principals’ intention to promote physical education (PE). Principals ( n = 106) from randomly selected middle and high school schools in California completed the PAPE. Results indicated favorable attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and normative beliefs were associated with promoting PE. Middle school principals are more likely to promote PE than high school principals, especially if they promoted PE in the past. Principals who reported higher perceived competence along with positive professional and personal experiences with PE indicated they would likely promote this subject-matter content in their school.

Interpersonal capitalization moderates the associations of chronic caregiving stress and depression with inflammation

Chronic stress and depression can enhance chronic low-grade inflammation. Interpersonal factors may buffer the impact of stress and depression on inflammation. Interpersonal capitalization is a social support process in which one discloses positive personal events and experiences to close others. Greater capitalization may attenuate the deleterious impact of chronic stress and depression. The goal of the current study was to assess whether interpersonal capitalization is associated with inflammation and whether it moderates the association of chronic stress and depression with inflammation. In this cross-sectional study of chronic caregiving stress, 222 caregiving mothers of adolescents with developmental disabilities or comparison mothers of typically developing adolescents completed a self-reported daily diary assessment of capitalization, the Center for Epidemiological Study-Depression scale, and provided blood samples to assess interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein, three circulating inflammatory markers. Regression analysis indicated that there was no main effect of capitalization on inflammation, p = .24, R2 = .006. However, there was a significant three-way interaction among capitalization, chronic caregiving stress, and depressive symptoms, p = .01, R2 = .02. Among participants with lower capitalization, greater depressive symptoms were associated with higher inflammation in the caregiving group, but not in the comparison group. Among participants with higher capitalization, greater depressive symptoms were no longer significantly associated with higher inflammation among caregivers, but were marginally related to inflammation in the comparison group. Capitalization may thus be an interpersonal process mitigating the effects of chronic stress and depression on inflammation.

INVESTIGATING TEACHER EDUCATION STUDENT-LEADERS’ LANGUAGE METAFUNCTIONS IN SUPERVISORY COMMUNICATION

As student-leaders are tasked to manage their respective student-organizations and protect the interest of whom they represent, they are expected to be fluent communicators. Hence, they need to be conscious of the way they generate their utterances and text by considering appropriate language functions. This survey type of research determined the extent of utilization of language metafunctions in supervisory communication by teacher education student-leaders in a state university at Malvar Batangas, Philippines. By employing a researcher-made questionnaire as a primary tool for obtaining data and applying appropriate statistical tools, the study revealed that the respondents utilized the ideational language metafunction as they influenced their fellow members to actively participate in activities initiated by their respective organizations through citing favorable and positive personal experiences, the interpersonal metafunction as they listened willingly to the suggestions and complaints expressed by their colleagues during various fora, and the textual metafunction as they solicited in a friendly manner their colleagues’ suggestions for the improvement of their organizations during meetings. This study calls for enhanced supervisory communication skills among student-leaders through capacity building communication-related activities.

INVESTIGATING TEACHER EDUCATION STUDENT-LEADERS’ LANGUAGE METAFUNCTIONS IN SUPERVISORY COMMUNICATION

As student-leaders are tasked to manage their respective student-organizations and protect the interest of whom they represent, they are expected to be fluent communicators. Hence, they need to be conscious of the way they generate their utterances and text by considering appropriate language functions. This survey type of research determined the extent of utilization of language metafunctions in supervisory communication by teacher education student-leaders in a state university at Malvar Batangas, Philippines. By employing a researcher-made questionnaire as a primary tool for obtaining data and applying appropriate statistical tools, the study revealed that the respondents utilized the ideational language metafunction as they influenced their fellow members to actively participate in activities initiated by their respective organizations through citing favorable and positive personal experiences, the interpersonal metafunction as they listened willingly to the suggestions and complaints expressed by their colleagues during various fora, and the textual metafunction as they solicited in a friendly manner their colleagues’ suggestions for the improvement of their organizations during meetings. This study calls for enhanced supervisory communication skills among student-leaders through capacity building communication-related activities.

Wicked Problem: Reducing Food Waste by Tourist Households

Food, an emerging focus in the circular economy literature, plays an important but contradictory role while on holiday with positive personal experiences and negative sustainability consequences. Food waste, despite major and ongoing strides in sustainability research, remains an underresearched area across tourism, particularly by tourist households. In addition to existing methods to address food waste, social media offer diverse new approaches. this conceptual article begins a new sustainabilityrelated research stream exploring the intersections among consumers, food waste, tourist households, and social media and proposes five research agenda items. the agenda gives academics and practitioners practical and theoretical insights for current and future solutions, such as social media, to address food waste and tourist households.

Factors that influence transition to advanced roles by RN to BSN nurses, in three selected hospitals of Central-Uganda

BackgroundDespite the global rise in the number of nurses upgrading from Registered Nursing (RN) to a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN), studies have indicated that successful role transition is difficult once the nurses return to their previous workplaces. Guided by the Transitional Theory, this study investigates the factors that influence the transition from basic to advanced roles among RN to BSN nurses in Uganda, Africa.MethodsThis study employed a descriptive correlational design. Using convenience sampling, fifty-one (51) RN to BSN nurses completed the semi-structured questionnaires.ResultsAll the study participants (100%) described themselves as having transitioned from RN to BSN role. In bivariate linear regression, personal factors that were found to predict successful role transition included holding a managerial role, being aware and prepared for the role transition, and positive role transition experiences. Role transition motivators that predicted successful role transition included: job promotion, internal desire for self-development, and career development. One community factor – that is the support of doctors/physicians during the RN to BSN transition – predicted unsuccessful role transition. Societal factors deterring successful role transition included lack of support from other colleagues and the perception that BSN learning was not applicable to the RN clinical setting. In multivariate linear regression, only sub-scales of personal factors such as advanced skills mastery and positive personal experiences predicted successful role transition.ConclusionThe study suggests that personal factors influence successful role transition more than external factors.

The role of trust in public attitudes toward invasive species management on Guam: A case study

Public attitudes toward invasive alien species management and trust in managers' ability to effectively manage non-native species can determine public support for conservation action. The island of Guam has experienced widespread species loss and ecosystem transformation due to invasive species, most notably, the brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis). Despite Guam's long history with invasives and extensive efforts to eradicate them, we know little about the sociological context of invasive species and drivers of public support or opposition on the island. Using focused group discussions, we explore public attitudes toward invasive species management measures. Respondents were familiar with the common invasive species on Guam and recognized that they were not native. They expressed support for management activities, interest in more effective and frequent management initiatives, and desire to participate directly in conservation actions. Participants also expressed frustration with government institutions and lack of confidence in managers' ability to control invasive species. Perceptions of managers' trustworthiness, communication with managers, and positive personal experiences with managers were related to positive attitudes about management and support for existing initiatives, indicating the important role of trust and engagement for invasive species management.

Salud del cuidador: adaptación y validación del cuestionario Experience of Caregiving Inventory (ECI) en población española

ObjectiveTo adapt and to validate the Experience of Caregiving Inventory (ECI) in a Spanish population, providing empirical evidence of its internal consistency, internal structure and validity. MethodPsychometric validation of the adapted version of the ECI. One hundred and seventy-two caregivers (69.2% women), mean age 57.51 years (range: 21-89) participated. Demographic and clinical data, standardized measures (ECI, suffering scale of SCL-90-R, Zarit burden scale) were used. The two scales of negative evaluation of the ECI most related to serious mental disorders (disruptive behaviours [DB] and negative symptoms [NS]) and the two scales of positive appreciation (positive personal experiences [PPE], and good aspects of the relationship [GAR]) were analyzed. Exploratory structural equation modelling was used to analyze the internal structure. The relationship between the ECI scales and the SCL-90-R and Zarit scores was also studied. ResultsThe four-factor model presented a good fit. Cronbach's alpha (DB: 0.873; NS: 0.825; PPE: 0.720; GAR: 0.578) showed a higher homogeneity in the negative scales. The SCL-90-R scores correlated with the negative ECI scales, and none of the ECI scales correlated with the Zarit scale. ConclusionsThe Spanish version of the ECI can be considered a valid, reliable, understandable and feasible self-report measure for its administration in the health and community context.

S255. METAPHORICAL CONCEPTUALIZATION OF SCHIZOPHRENIA AND THE CAREGIVING PROCESS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PRIMARY FAMILY CAREGIVERS

BackgroundAccording to Hong Kong Hospital Authority (2011), nearly 20,000 outpatients with schizophrenia in Hong Kong demand substantial family support. The family caregivers are the individuals who take care of persons with schizophrenia daily, check their medication and provide emotional support. They are enlisted as important therapeutic agents. How family caregivers understand and perceive schizophrenia and the caregiving process will influence not only the quality and their persistence of the caregiving, but also the rehabilitation process of persons with schizophrenia. Thus, it is important to investigate their conceptualization of schizophrenia and the caregiving process to inform schizophrenia mental health family recovery work.MethodsThis study used a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative design. In the quantitative part, a questionnaire about the metaphors for schizophrenia and the caregiving process were administrated to 194 caregivers whose family members were diagnosed with schizophrenia according to the 2016 version of ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code. This questionnaire also included standardized instruments, such as Brief Family Relationship Scale (BFRS), Experience of Caregiving Inventory (ECI-66), Mental Health Inventory(MHI-5) and Inner Resource Scale (SAS-I). Among the participants, 147 were women caregivers and 47 were male caregivers. In the qualitative part, a focus group interview with 8 randomly selected caregiver participants were invited to talk about their caregiving experiences and their understanding of schizophrenia.ResultsThe dominant metaphors for schizophrenia were reported as unexpected visitors, the Anakin Skywalker, a time bomb, and a fire alarm. These metaphors vividly describe the unexpectedness of episodes that schizophrenia outpatients experienced as well as the explosive damages that schizophrenia caused their families. 73.2% participants used “climbing up the mountain” to describe their caregiver experiences and emphasize on the necessity of overcoming difficulties during the caregiving process. 67.5% caregivers preferred to use the “rescue work of firefighters” to describe the nature of their caregiving. 50% participants indicated the caregiving work as a burden that they chose not to lay down no matter how heavy it is, whereas 17.5% caregivers regarded it as a burden that they cannot shake off and always restricts their freedom. The independent t-tests showed that adult children caregivers reported statistically significantly more positive personal experiences t (94) = -2.423, p < .05, d = .26, readiness to seek for information t (94) = -2.860, p < .01, d = .61, and positive communication t(94) = -2.625, p < .01, d = .56 than spouse caregivers.DiscussionThe metaphorical conceptualization for schizophrenia and the meaning of the caregiving process from the caregivers’ perspectives have strong implications for schizophrenia family recovery work. They could help to frame psychotherapy sessions for caregiver group works. According to the narrative psychotherapy approach, the metaphor of “unexpected visitors” could help caregivers to externalize the problem of schizophrenia and gain a space to describe and deal with schizophrenia in alliance with their family members.AcknowledgementThe reported study was funded by the Research Grant Council of HKSAR (UGC/FDS15/M01/15). However, the opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the positions of the funding agency. We want to acknowledge our great gratitude to Kwai Chung hospital for their support in multiple aspects and all caregiver participants for their active participation in our research.

Barriers and Facilitators to the Deprescribing of Nonbenzodiazepine Sedative Medications Among Older Adults.

Nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic medications, or "Z-drugs," are commonly used to treat insomnia among older adults (≥ 65 years), despite a lack of evidence of long-term effectiveness and evidence linking long-term use with poor outcomes. To understand patient and clinician barriers and facilitators to deprescribing, or discontinuation, of Z-drugs. We conducted a qualitative interview study among older adults who received a deprescribing intervention and among their clinicians at Kaiser Permanente Northwest. Semistructured interviews explored perceived barriers and facilitators to successful deprescribing of Z-drugs. Interviews were audiorecorded with participant permission. Content was analyzed using QSR NVivo 10 software. From the perspectives of patients, the greatest challenges to deprescribing are factors related to their insomnia, including the need for effective treatment of their insomnia; health care system factors, including a desire for personalized approaches to care; and their own positive personal experiences with sedative medication use. From the clinician perspective, a lack of institutional structures and resources to support deprescribing, the attitudes and practices of previous clinicians, and patient-related factors such as dependence and a lack of alternatives to treat insomnia were the most important barriers to deprescribing. Health care systems must provide individualized care that supports patient goals for restful sleep and quality of life while also providing evidence-based care that takes patient safety into account. To accomplish this, systems must support patients and clinicians and provide a multidisciplinary approach that addresses insomnia treatment, provides patient education about sedative medication use, and supports the discontinuation process.

Barriers and facilitators to adherence to secondary stroke prevention medications after stroke: analysis of survivors and caregivers views from an online stroke forum

ObjectiveTo identify barriers and facilitators of medication adherence in patients with stroke along with their caregivers.DesignQualitative thematic analysis of posts about secondary prevention medications, informed by Perceptions and Practicalities Approach.SettingPosts...

2016 ASIS&amp;T Annual Meeting: Diversity and Inclusion Luncheon: Report and Recommendations

EDITOR'S SUMMARYASIS&amp;T has continuously worked to enhance diversity and inclusion over its long history, including the formation of the Special Interest Group/International Information Issues and the name change from the American Society for Information Science and Technology to the Association for Information Science and Technology. During the 2016 ASIS&amp;T Annual Meeting (AM), a Diversity and Inclusion Luncheon was held to promote discussion and ideas of new ways for ASIS&amp;T to promote diversity. Attendees of the luncheon were asked to share positive personal experiences with diversity, as well as share ideas for how to bolster diversity and inclusion in future AMs and for ASIS&amp;T as an organization. Suggestions include the meeting being held outside of North America more frequently, inclusion of mentor programs for papers and new attendees of AMs, removing North American‐centric language from communications and more ASIS&amp;T board members from other continents. The suggestions were recommended to the ASIS&amp;T Board for further discussion.

Being out Matters for Lesbian Faculty: Personal Identities Influence Professional Experiences

Five lesbian faculty who were out in the workplace had positive personal and professional experiences in relation to how they negotiated family, campus culture, community, and personal fulfillment. This phenomenological qualitative study offers an alternative to deficit model research by exploring the participants’ lived-experiences using a feminist constructivist framework to highlight the shared consensus of the participants’ experiences. Based on these experiences, higher education administration can support positive intersections of work and personal life in order to maintain or create a healthy environment for lesbian and diverse faculty. Some recommendations are: develop and promote events and programs specifically for LGBT faculty and staff, merge the overall LGBT community with the campus LGBT community to address quality of life concerns, provide opportunities for all of campus to educate themselves on LGBT issues, and ensure that information for and about LGBT faculty and staff is readily available.

Using YouTube to Disseminate Effective Vaccination Pain Treatment for Babies.

BackgroundInfant vaccinations are necessary for public health, but are painful, causing distress to the infant and caregivers. Breastfeeding and sucrose effectively reduce infants’ pain during vaccinations, and these strategies are recommended in health care provider (HCP)-targeted education and vaccination pain guidelines. However studies show these strategies are infrequently used. YouTube is a popular medium to publicly share and watch videos, and many consumer posted YouTube videos show distressed infants being vaccinated with no pain treatment. The aims of this study were to evaluate the reach and impact of a consumer-targeted YouTube video demonstrating use of effective pain reduction strategies during infant vaccinations.MethodsA brief consumer-targeted video showing two infants being vaccinated was posted onto YouTube on October 2013. One infant was breastfed and another infant received sucrose by mouth before and during the injection. A link to a viewer survey was visible on a banner near the end of the video. An intensive strategically planned knowledge dissemination strategy using the media, social media and messages to professional organizations took place to promote the video. Data analysis of the viewer survey, YouTube analytics of the reach of the video in terms of number of views, country of viewers, and comments relating to the video took place 12 months after the video was posted.ResultsTwelve months after posting, the video had 65,478views, 68 comments, 245 likes, 17 dislikes, and 90 shares. Average duration of viewer time was 65% of the video. The viewer survey was completed by 156 (0.24%) viewers; 90 (58%) answered as HCPs and 66 (42%) as parents. Survey results showed that the video was persuasive; intent to use or support breastfeeding or sucrose was high in both parents and HCPs after viewing the video. Comments posted were often emotional in nature, and were related to anti-vaccination (n = 26, 38%); effectiveness or positive personal experiences (n = 21, 32%); research team comments or promotion (n = 12, 18%); pro-vaccination (n = 6, 8%) and barriers to using breastfeeding or sucrose during vaccinations (n = 3, 4%).ConclusionThe video posted onto YouTube demonstrating effective pain treatment during infant vaccinations was viewed by large numbers of people around the world, however the response rate to the linked survey was extremely low. Using YouTube videos for knowledge dissemination has an extensive reach, however it is difficult to evaluate impact on behaviours and practices.

Experience of Caregiving and Coping in Caregivers of Schizophrenia

Caregivers of schizophrenia play a major role in community-based care of patients. Recent studies have shed light on positive aspects of caregiving, in contrast to caregiving burden. There is limited research in this area in India. To assess the "experience of caregiving" and "coping strategies" in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia, and to study associations, if any, between them. 102 caregivers of out- and in-patients with schizophrenia were assessed on the "Experience of Caregiving Inventory" (ECI) and "COPE Inventory" (COPE). Sociodemographic profiles of patients and caregivers, and clinical histories of patients were also collected. Maximum perceived negative experience of caregiving was "effects on family" while "stigma" was the lowest. Other domains had moderate scores. Among positive experiences, "good aspects of relationship" scored higher than "positive personal experiences." A wide range of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies were used. Statistically significant positive correlations emerged between positive experiences of caregiving and adaptive coping strategies, and between negative experiences of caregiving and maladaptive coping strategies. The association between experiences of caregiving and coping strategies suggests that caregiving experiences are influenced not only by the illness but also by the coping methods employed. Helping caregivers cope better might improve caregiving experience.

How perceptions and personal contact matter: The individual-level determinants of trust in police in Hungary

In established democracies perceptions about police effectiveness and procedural fairness are the main individual-level determinants of trust in police. However, very little is known about whether this is also the case in different circumstances. By analysing trust in police in Hungary, in an East Central European context, the paper finds that the same micro-level factors have a similar relationship with trust in police there as in established democracies. Both the perceptions of police performance and fairness are significant contributors to trust as well as individual judgements about the country's current affairs. However, people attribute different salience to distinct aspects of procedural fairness: Hungarians are sensitive to police corruption, but less so to discriminative police behaviour. Finally, the overall effect of personal contact with the police on trust is negative, but distinguishing those who reported negative personal experiences from those who were satisfied with how the police treated them shows that only bad contacts have a detrimental effect on trust. Our findings suggest that while positive personal experiences with the police do not improve trust judgements, negative ones damage people's perceptions about the police in virtually every dimension.

Formation of European identity: ethnic minority groups in Central and Eastern Europe in generational perspective

Research into European identity has mostly focused on majority populations in Western European countries, neglecting new member states in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) as well as ethnic minority groups. This paper contributes to filling this gap by exploring and investigating processes of European identity formation of five ethnic minority groups in four CEE countries. A generational perspective was applied by conducting qualitative in-depth interviews with three generations of ethnic minority group members. The results support the instrumental approach of identity construction. In all minority groups researched, the young generation, due to more positive personal experiences and perceived benefits from the European Union, have developed more positive images and perceptions of Europe and a greater sense of European identity than older generations. Furthermore, ethnic group-specific processes of identity formation were found.

A concept analysis of 'Meaning in work' and its implications for nursing.

To report an analysis of the concept of 'meaning in work'. Associated with initiatives to improve the quality of working life and the emerging movement of positive organizations, 'meaning in work' has been studied as a positive individual-level state. 'Meaning in work' has potential benefits that will improve the nursing workforce if this concept is embraced in nursing. However, the concept is not clearly defined because it has been approached from diverse theoretical perspectives and used interchangeably with analogous terms. A concept analysis. Three key terms (using 'work', 'meaning' or 'meaningful', 'meaning of work', 'logotherapy') were searched in the CINAHL, PsycINFO, Business Source Complete and ABI/INFORM Global online databases from January 1940-March 2015. Among 346 articles retrieved, 28 studies were included for this concept analysis. The procedure of concept analysis developed by Walker and Avant (2011) was used. Four critical attributes are identified: (1) experienced positive emotion at work; (2) meaning from work itself; (3) meaningful purpose and goals of work; and (4) work as a part of life that contributes towards meaningful existence. The identified antecedent of 'meaning in work' was a cognitive shift and the identified consequences were positive personal experience and positive impact on peers and organizations. This article provides a clear definition of 'meaning in work'. The resulting coherent definition will facilitate the use of 'meaning in work' in nursing research.

Exploratory Comparative Study on the Diffusion of Synthetic Cannabinoids and Synthetic Cathinones

The use of synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones in southeastern Michigan was explored using Roger’s Diffusion of Innovation theory. A mixed methods approach after specific synthetic cannabinoids and cathinone compounds were scheduled was used that included analysis of treatment admissions for two years, surveys of 15 substance abuse treatment providers, and qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of 24 participants. The participant system norm supported trying new drugs, and both drugs were confirmed to have been easier to access than traditional drugs. The participants had negative views of synthetic cathinones due to one sensational news story without counterbalancing positive experiences in their social environment. Although synthetic cannabinoids were also linked to a sensational news story, it was counterbalanced by positive personal experiences. These differences contributed to greater use of synthetic cannabinoids compared to synthetic cathinones as evidenced by admissions, providers’ reports, and participants’ reports. All participants expressed a preference for traditional drugs, indicating that novel drugs had no relative advantage over other drugs of abuse. Diffusion of Innovation theory can provide a framework for understanding the differential use of novel drugs.

Women's social communication about IUDs: a qualitative analysis.

Few U.S. women use an IUD, despite the method's efficacy and ease of use. While studies have found that misconceptions about IUDs are prevalent, few have examined the influence of women's social networks on perceptions of the method. Twenty-four interviews and three focus groups (comprising 14 participants) were conducted in 2013 with a diverse sample of women aged 15-45 recruited from family planning clinics and the community in San Francisco. Half of participants had used IUDs. Women were asked about their social communication concerning contraceptives, particularly IUDs, and about the content of the information they had received or given. Transcripts were analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach to identify themes of interest. Women reported that communication with female friends and family members was a valued means of obtaining information about contraceptives, and that negative information (which often was incorrect) was more prevalent and memorable than positive information in such communication. Women heard about negative experiences with IUDs from social contacts and television commercials; clinicians were a major source of positive information. Women who had never used IUDs expressed interest in learning about potential side effects and how IUDs feel, while users reported emphasizing to friends and family the method's efficacy and ease of use. Misinformation and negative information about IUDs are prevalent in social communication, and the information transmitted through social networks differs from the information never-users wish to receive. Findings support the creation of peer-led interventions to encourage IUD users to share positive personal experiences and evidence-based information.