Positive Peroxidase Reaction Research Articles

Recent Results of the German Thorotrast Study - Pathoanatomical Changes in Animal Experiments and Comparison to Human Thorotrastosis

A survival experiment is described in which 1920 Wistar rats were used. These rats were injected intravenously with different quantities and different alpha-doses of Thorotrast. The following observations were made: The distribution of Thorotrast in the liver of the experimental animals is similar to that in human livers. Liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis are rarely seen in experimental animals. The liver cell carcinomas, intrahepatic bile duct carcinomas and haemangiosarcomas that developed in the liver of the rats showed an identical biology and morphology with those seen in corresponding Thorotrast tumours in human patients. One particular tumour type that occurred in the liver of the rats probably represents a Kupffer cell sarcoma; the tumour cells show a positive peroxidase reaction and the metastases contained Thorotrast. Unlike human Thorotrast liver tumours, rat liver tumours include benign tumours such as liver cell adenomas and intrahepatic bile duct adenomas. The animals of the control group did not develop these benign liver tumours. The total frequency of the liver and spleen tumours in the trial groups receiving 230Th enriched Thorotrast was dependent on the dose given. The relationship between dose and effect was almost linear. The volume of the injected Thorotrast quantity, given a constant dose rate, seems to have only a slight influence on the number of tumours.

Recent Results of the German Thorotrast Study-pathoanatomical Changes in Animal Experiments and Comparison to Human Thorotrastosis

A survival experiment is described in which 1920 Wistar rats were used. These rats were injected intravenously with different quantities and different alpha-doses of Thorotrast. The following observations were made: The distribution of Thorotrast in the liver of the experimental animals is similar to that in human livers. Liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis are rarely seen in experimental animals. The liver cell carcinomas, intrahepatic bile duct carcinomas and haemangiosarcomas that developed in the liver of the rats showed an identical biology and morphology with those seen in corresponding Thorotrast tumours in human patients. One particular tumour type that occurred in the liver of the rats probably represents a Kupffer cell sarcoma: the tumour cells show a positive peroxidase reaction and the metastases contained Thorotrast. Unlike human Thorotrast liver tumours, rat liver tumours include benign tumours such as liver cell adenomas and intrahepatic bile duct adenomas. The animals of the control group did not develop these benign liver tumours. The total frequency of the liver and spleen tumours in the trial groups receiving 230Th enriched Thorotrast was dependent on the dose given. The relationship between dose and effect was almost linear. The volume of the injected Thorotrast quantity, given a constant dose rate, seems to have only a slight influence on the number of tumours.

Standortskundliche Studien zum Tannensterben: Kronen- und Stammerkmale von Probebäumen aus fünf bayerischen Beständen

Site related studies of silver-fir dying. Crown and stem characteristics of sample trees from five Bavarian stands. Trees affected by “fir-dying” are characterized by: - low mean number of needle age classes, little relation between length of the green crown and total length of the stem, the ocurrence of pathological wetwood with positive peroxidase reaction and a persistent reduction of the growth ring width beginning in the late nineteen forties.

Peroxidase in Cytoplasm and Cell Wall of Germinating Lily Pollen

Peroxidase activity is distributed throughout the older regions of intact pollen tubes, not within the growing tip and the region immediately subjacent to it. Following osmotic shock, extruded tube cytoplasm exhibited a cytochemically positive peroxidase reaction. Spectrophotometric assay revealed peroxidase activity in the 38,000 g cytoplasmic pellet and supernatant. Supernatant activity was nine to 13 times that of the pellet. Both pellet and supernatant peroxidase activities decreased during the first 2 h of germination and increased over the next 6 h. Peroxidase activity could not be detected cytochemically in either phosphate buffer-Triton X-100 washed-wall fractions or in tube walls following osmotically induced cytoplasmic extrusion. However, spectrophotometric assay of phosphate and Triton X-100 washed-wall fractions indicated a low level of peroxidase activity which increased with time of germination. Wall fractions contained both ionically and covalently bound peroxidase activities. The level of ionically bound peroxidase activity was three to nine times that of covalently bound.

The appearance of transition forms between monocytes and Kupffer cells in the liver of rats treated with glucan. A cytochemical and ultrastructural study.

A massive accumulation of mononuclear phagocytes in the rat liver was found after the injection of glucan, a beta-1,3-polyglucose. Portal vessels and central veins contained large numbers of rounded and elongated cells which were adherent to the endothelium. By scanning electron microscopy most of these cells exhibited prominent lemellopodia, raised ridge-like profiles and blebs, the typical features of mononuclear phagocytes. Peroxidase cytochemistry revealed that whereas most cells in portal vessels were monocytes with peroxidase positive and negative granules, the majority of cells in central veins were macrophages exhibiting peroxidase activity in nuclear envelope (NE) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In sinusoids monocytes and macrophages were seen side by side. The major finding of the present study was that some cells, adherent to the endothelium or portal vessels or to the lining of sinusoids, exhibited a peroxidase pattern intermediate between monocytes and Kupffer cells, i.e. strong peroxidase activity in cytoplasmic granules, as well as a weak to moderately positive peroxidase reaction in NE and ER. These intermediate cells also contained peroxidase-negative granules with halo, which are usually seen in monocytes. Furthermore, examination of serial ultrathin sections of typical Kupffer cells revealed numerous peroxidase-positive granules and peroxidase-negative granules with halo in their cytoplasm. Finally, dividing Kupffer cells with positive peroxidase reaction in ER were found. These in vivo observations provide ultrastructural and cytochemical evidence in support of the concept of derivation of Kupffer cells from monocytes, demonstrating in addition that Kupffer cells are capable of self-replication in situ.

Characteristics of hematopoietic cell line established from human myelomonocytic leukemia.

The peripheral blood of an acute myelomonocytic leukemia patient has been cultured for 16 months. The culture is at present at the 140th population doupling level. The cultured cells have the characteristics of so-called lymphoblastoid cells and proliferate actively as individual cells in small clusters, or in large clumps consisting of large mononuclear cells. Some of these cells appeare to be lymphoid, but the majority are immature mononuclear cells with a tendency to lobulate. They gave a weakly positive peroxidase reaction at the beginning of cultivation, and have given a strongly positive esterase reaction persistently. The cytoplasm shows ciliary or tail-like projections as the cell matures. Complement (C3) receptor and IgG receptors are found on the cell surface, and active phagocytosis is mannifest. Colloidal iron particles or viable red blood cells attached to the cell membrane suggesting possible differentiation to reticulum cells or macrophages. The cultured cells are mostly diploid but some cells show chromosome abnormality. Herpes type virus was foun in the nucleus, cytoplasma and on the cell membrane. The transplanatation of cultured cells to the cheek pouch of hamsters produced small tumors with histological findings resembling reticulum cell sarcoma.

Ultrastructural localization of influenza virus antigens in infected chick embryo cells as revealed by a peroxidase-labelled antibody method

The indirect immunoenzymatic technique was employed to study the ultrastructural localization of influenza virus antigens in infected chick embryo cells. After virus adsorption onto cells, a positive peroxidase reaction is observed on the surface of the cellular membrane. Four hours after infection, ribosomes associated with rough membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum showed an extensive peroxidase reaction. During the period of virions maturation (6–8 hours after infection) a positive peroxidase reaction on the cell membrane and the surface of budding viral particles could be detected. Simultaneously, a positive peroxidase reaction occurred in the region of smooth membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and on smooth membranes of small vesicles which migrated to the cell membrane.

Peroxidase from Meloidogyne incognita

Peroxidase activity in extracts of adult female Meloidogyne incognita was influenced by the host plant on which the nematode was propagated. Extracts of nematodes propagated on tobacco contained only 56% as much peroxidase activity as extracts from nematodes propagated on tomato. Two peroxidase isoenzymes separated by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis from extracts of adult female nematodes propagated on tomato had the capacity to oxidize several aromatic amines and phenols. A positive reaction for peroxidase in stylet exudates of adult female nematodes was obtained cytochemically with o-dianisidine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. This reaction was inhibited by 5 m m-potassium cyanide.

Mononuclear phagocytes (Kupffer cells) and endothelial cells. Identification of two functional cell types in rat liver sinusoids by endogenous peroxidase activity.

The fine structural characteristics and phagocytic properties of peroxidase-positive and peroxidase-negative cells in rat hepatic sinusoids were investigated. Cells with a positive peroxidase reaction in the endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear envelope make up approximately 40% of cells in rat hepatic sinusoids and have abundant cytoplasm containing numerous granules and vacuoles, and occasional tubular, vermiform invaginations. After intravenous injection of colloidal carbon, the luminal plasma membrane of these cells shows continuous sticking of carbon, and there is evidence of avid phagocytosis of colloidal carbon particles. Peroxidase-positive cells are the only cells in hepatic sinusoids which phagocytize large (0.8 micro in diameter) latex particles. In contrast, the peroxidase-negative endothelial cells, which make up 48% of cells, have scanty perinuclear cytoplasm and organelles, and their long cytoplasmic extensions that form the lining of the hepatic sinusoids have fenestrations; these cells ingest small amounts of colloidal carbon, principally by micropinocytosis, exhibit no sticking of carbon particles to their plasma membranes, and do not ingest the larger (latex) particles. The so-called fat-storing cells are peroxidase negative and totally nonphagocytic. The peroxidase reaction thus distinguishes the typical mononuclear phagocytes or Kupffer cells of rat liver from the endothelial-lining cells.