Positive Parenting Behaviors Research Articles

Turkish adaptation of the mindful parenting inventories for parents and children

AbstractMindful parenting is a burgeoning global research interest. This study adapted the existing 18‐item parallel mindful parenting inventories for parents and children (MPIP/MPIC) into Turkish, examining their psychometric properties and validation in 154 mothers living in Türkiye (Mage = 42.74 years, SDage = 5.06 years) and their typically developing children (n = 154, Mage = 13.19 years, SDage = 1.64 years). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed to validate the existing factor structure of the MPIP/MPIC for the Turkish version. Multiple‐group CFA was used to test the measurement invariance between mothers and children. Pearson correlations and regression analyses were used to assess the validity of the MPIP/MPIC against established measures of mindfulness and positive parenting (testing convergent validity) and child behaviours (testing concurrent and predictive validity). CFA supported that the Turkish MPIP/MPIC structure was similar to that in the UK, consisting of four dimensions: Self‐Regulation in Parenting, Acceptance and Compassion towards Child, Being in the Moment with Child, and Awareness of Child, each with satisfactory internal consistency. Partial measurement invariance was found between parents and children, with mothers reporting somewhat higher scores for the Being in the Moment with Child and Awareness of Child than children. Overall, the convergent and concurrent validity of the Turkish MPIP/MPIC was supported. In addition, MPIP predicted mother‐reported child behaviours, and MPIC predicted child‐reported child behaviours over and above mothers’ dispositional mindfulness and positive parenting (predictive validity). The Turkish parallel MPIP/MPIC show promise for use with mothers in Türkiye and children to assess mindful parenting.

Evaluation of Eltern-Aktiv – A Culture-Sensitive Parenting Program for Refugee Families in Germany

This study reports data on the effectiveness of Eltern-Aktiv, a culture-sensitive parenting program developed for refugee parents. We used a mixed-method approach, namely standardized questionnaire-based interview with refugee parents (Npre = 39, Npost = 21) and qualitative interviews with five trainers. Results indicated the effectiveness of the program for positive parenting behaviors (i.e., positive conflict behavior, support, and structuring), but not for attitudes (i.e., awareness of parenting norms and values, parenting efficacy, acculturation orientation and fears regarding cultural differences). Implications of our findings are discussed as well as the question of how to access the vulnerable group of refugee families.

What Promotes Positive Parenting During Breast Cancer? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Social Support, Emotion Regulation, and Meaning in Life

BackgroundMotherhood and maintaining the child-parent relationship are top priorities for mothers with breast cancer (BC). The current study aimed to assess the positive intra- and inter-personal resources related to positive parenting among mothers with BC, as these may be promotive factors for positive parenting. Specifically, we examined whether social support (family, friend, spiritual), emotion regulation, and a sense of meaning in life are related to positive parenting among mothers undergoing BC treatments.MethodsThe sample consisted of 100 Israeli mothers (mean age = 46.02 years, SD = 6.06 years) who were undergoing treatment for BC. Participating mothers had at least one child aged 6–17 years. Participants were recruited via closed social media groups to complete a questionnaire containing: the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire, Cancer Perceived Agents of Social Support tool, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Meaning in Life Questionnaire, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), and sociodemographic and clinical questions. We used structural equation modeling to regress the study variables on positive parenting.ResultsFriend support (β = .35, p = .009) and meaning in life (β = .30, p = .012) were significantly related to positive parenting. Family support, spiritual support, cognitive reappraisal, and the sociodemographic and clinical variables were not related to positive parenting.ConclusionsOur study suggests that promoting meaning in life and friend support may be key to helping mothers to sustain positive parenting behaviors throughout their cancer treatment. Future research may examine whether psychosocial interventions which foster meaning in life and friend support impact positive parenting among mothers with BC.

A Resilience Process Model of Parenting in the Context of Poverty

Poverty is associated with multiple contextual stressors, which may exacerbate child-rearing stress and interfere with positive parenting. However, many parents successfully navigate seemingly insurmountable obstacles and engage in positive parenting, which may allow parents to minimize the impact of poverty on child development by exerting control in responding to child-rearing challenges and focusing on parenting as a source of agency and competence. This paper provides a resilience process model of parenting based on the literature from multiple disciplines, including socio-cognitive processes, decision-making, and coping, to identify risk and protective factors that contribute to positive parenting. Parents’ adaptive mindsets and more active, problem-oriented coping strategies may strengthen parents’ cognitive and emotion regulation, which, in turn, may lead to more positive parenting behaviors. This conceptual model may contribute to a more nuanced appreciation of how parents living in poverty successfully manage child-rearing challenges. By understanding the resilience process of parenting, we may inform family practice and interventions to better support well-being among families living in poverty.

Parenting Program Implementation to Increase Positive Parenting Behavior

This research is motivated by the problem of the lack of positive parenting knowledge from every parent at Tulip Early Childhood Education. Every parent has a different parenting background but has the same parenting problems by having positive goals. This happens because of the lack of knowledge that every parent in PAUD has in educating children who aim towards positive parenting. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach, with interview and observation techniques. The subjects in this study were five people, namely three parenting participants, one PAUD manager, and one resource person. The results of the study show that: 1) the process of implementing the parenting program involves the presence of parents in parenting activities so that they always follow the material presented, such as skills, spiritual teachings, cooking, and so on. 2) The attitude of parents after participating in the parenting program shows positive parenting behavior. 3) The inhibiting factor of parenting program behavior is in the form of economic difficulties, and the main factor that is felt to be hindering is the presence of parents and children who still need time to adapt in applying positive things in everyday life, and there are still many parents who cannot attend or arrive late so that not all information can be conveyed by the speaker. While the supporting factors are in the form of the arrangement of committee activities, positive responses from parents, and facilities and infrastructure that support the smooth running of these parenting activities. In addition, there is cooperation with posyandu partners, BKB, puskesmas, experts in the field of education. Suggestions for parents parents should be firm when educating and caring for children so that children get used to the application of positive parenting.

A tale of two cities: Chinese mothers' parental burnout and parenting behaviors in Shanghai and Nanning.

Parental burnout is a psychological syndrome that develops in response to the chronic stressors in one's role as a parent. It can be detrimental to the health and wellbeing of both parents and children and has been empirically proven to result in more negative parenting behaviours. Based on recent research, parental burnout is more prevalent in individualistic cultures. Considering that parenting norms and practices vary greatly across cultures, there could be different effects of parental burnout on parenting practices in different areas. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between parental burnout and parenting behaviours in Shanghai and Nanning, two cities in China that differ in the extent to which they have been exposed to the cultural influence of Western individualism, and to examine the moderating effect of city on these relationship patterns. Three hundred and sixty-eight mothers in Shanghai and 180 mothers in Nanning took part in the survey. On average, mothers in Shanghai had more severe parental burnout than their counterparts in Nanning. Furthermore, parental burnout was associated with positive parenting behaviours (i.e., parental warmth) and negative parenting behaviours (i.e., parental hostility and neglect), and the associations between parental burnout and negative parenting behaviours in Nanning were greater than in Shanghai. These results can be explained by cultural differences in individualism and collectivism between Shanghai and Nanning. This study extends the knowledge on the role of culture in shaping parental roles.

Parenting and Self-Criticism among Offspring: A Systematic Review

Self-criticism involves negatively evaluating oneself and being critical of self-contemplations, beliefs, and actions, leading to dysfunction. Studies suggest that parenting plays a role in an individual's level of self-criticism. As primary caregivers, parents greatly influence their children's well-being, humility, distress, and self-criticism. To assess this relationship, a systematic review was conducted using various databases from 2003 to 2019. Out of 47 articles identified, 10 were excluded based on their abstracts and titles, and 23 were excluded after full-text assessment. The remaining 17 articles showed a significant association between parenting and self-criticism, with parental rejection being a stronger predictor of intense self-criticism. The systematic review identified limitations in the included studies' variables and outcomes, internal limitations, and a small number of research papers. To address these limitations, future studies should explore the relationship between parenting styles and self-criticism in different dimensions and investigate potential moderating factors such as environmental, psychological, and biological factors. Identifying such factors is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention efforts to help adolescents manage their self-criticism and related mental health issues. In practical terms, the findings of the systematic review highlight the importance of parents, educators, and mental health professionals being mindful of how parenting styles may affect children's development of self-criticism. To reduce the risk of self-criticism and improve adolescents' emotional well-being, promoting positive parenting styles and behaviors, as well as identifying potential moderating factors, could be beneficial.

Combining attachment-based family therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy to improve outcomes for adolescents with anxiety.

Increases in adolescent anxiety over the past several years suggest a need for trauma-informed, culturally responsive interventions that help teens cope with environmental stressors like those associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Although abundant evidence supports the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating adolescent anxiety, not all teens respond positively to CBT. CBT does not typically include strategies that address important family factors that may be impacting the teen's functioning, such as the attachment relationship. Attachment-based family therapy (ABFT) addresses the attachment relationship and other factors that contribute to the adolescent's anxiety and related distress. By enhancing positive parenting behaviors, such as acceptance and validation of the adolescent's distress and promotion of their autonomy, ABFT sessions may repair the attachment relationship and increase the family's ability and willingness to engage in CBT tasks aimed at reducing anxiety. This theoretical paper describes the ABFT model and proposes that implementing ABFT sessions prior to CBT could result in better clinical outcomes for adolescents with anxiety disorders by improving the context within which the anxiety symptoms and treatment are experienced. Given that ABFT is sensitive and responsive to family and other contextual factors, adolescents from marginalized communities and those from less individualistic cultures may find the model to be more acceptable and appropriate for addressing factors related to their anxiety. Thus, a combined ABFT+CBT model might result in better outcomes for adolescents who have not historically responded well to CBT alone.

Maternal executive function, authoritarian attitudes, and hostile attribution bias as interacting predictors of harsh parenting.

Executive function (EF) plays a key role in healthy development and human functioning across multiple domains, including socially, behaviorally, and in the self-regulation of cognition and emotion. Prior research has associated lower levels of maternal EF with harsher and more reactive parenting, and mothers' social cognitive attributes like authoritarian child-rearing attitudes and hostile attribution biases also contribute to harsh parenting practices. There have been few studies that explore the intersection of maternal EF and social cognitions. The present study addresses this gap by testing whether the relationship between individual differences in maternal EF and harsh parenting behaviors is statistically moderated separately by maternal authoritarian attitudes and hostile attribution bias. Participants were 156 mothers in a socioeconomically diverse sample. Multi-informant and multimethod assessments of harsh parenting and EF were utilized, and mothers self-reported on their child-rearing attitudes and attribution bias. Harsh parenting was negatively associated with maternal EF and hostile attribution bias. Authoritarian attitudes significantly interacted with EF (and the attribution bias interaction was marginally significant) in prediction of variance in harsh parenting behaviors. Commensurate with social information processing theory, EF and social cognitive attributes play critical and distinct roles in the causes of harsh caregiving practices. Findings elucidate that reforming parental social cognitions, in addition to targeting EF, may be effective prevention and intervention methods for yielding more positive parenting behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

어머니의 긍정적 양육행동이 아동의 공동체의식에 미치는 경로연구

Objectives This study was conducted to find out the differences between genders in the path of dual mediating children's self-esteem and peer attachment in the effects of mothers' positive parenting behavior on children's sense of community. Methods The subjects of this study were the 11th-year data of the Korean Children's Panel provided by the Research Institute for Parenting Policy. The subjects were 615 boys and 591 girls, and their mothers. Data were collected using the SPSS 26.0 Program and PROCESS macro 3.5, and the dual mediating effect was analyzed by applying model 6. The results of examining the correlation between children's sense of community. Results mothers' positive parenting behavior, children's self-esteem, and peer attachment are as follows. First, there was a positive correlation between each variable. Second, the more positive parenting behavior the mother showed in both girls and boys, the higher the child's self-esteem, and the higher the sense of community in children with high self-esteem. Third, it was confirmed that the mediating relationship of peer attachment in the relationship between the mother's positive parenting behavior and the child's sense of community differs according to gender. For girls, the mediating effect of peer attachment was not significant, but for boys, the mother's positive parenting behavior led to the formation of a child's community consciousness through peer attachment. Fourth, in both girls and boys, self-esteem and peer attachment were found to dual mediate the relationship between mothers' positive parenting behavior and children's sense of community. Furthermore, it was confirmed that boys are fully mediated by the dual mediation of self-esteem and peer attachment. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that the dual mediating effects of self-esteem and peer attachment show different pathways according to gender in the effects of positive parenting behaviors of mothers on children's sense of community.

Effects of Maternal Economic Stress on Preschoolers’ Problem Behaviors: Mediating Effects of Maternal Depression, Marital Conflict, and Positive Parenting

본 본 연구에서는 만 3~5세 유아 491명과 이들의 어머니를 대상으로 어머니가 지각하는 경제적 스트레스가 어머니의 우울, 부부갈등 및 긍정적인 양육행동을 통해 유아의 문제행동에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어머니의 경제적 스트레스는 유아의 문제행동에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않았다. 둘째, 간접적인 영향의 경우, 어머니의 경제적인 스트레스가 우울을 통해 유아의 문제행동에 이르는 경로, 부부갈등과 긍정적인 양육행동을 통해 유아의 문제행동에 이르는 경로, 어머니의 경제적인 스트레스가 우울, 부부갈등 및 긍정적인 양육행동을 통해 유아의 문제행동에 이르는 경로가 유의하였다. 하지만 어머니의 경제적인 스트레스가 부부갈등과 긍정적 양육행동 각각을 통해 유아의 문제행동에 영향을 주는 경로와 우울과 부부갈등을 통해 유아의 문제행동에 영향을 주는 경로는 유의하지 않았다. 본 연구는 유아의 문제행동에 미치는 가정환경 요인, 특히 어머니 우울의 영향력을 확인하였다는 데 의의가 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 경제적 스트레스를 경험할 경우 이로 인해 우울 수준이 높아지는 것을 차단할 필요성을 강조하며, 유아기 문제행동의 예방 혹은 감소를 위해서는 부부관계 및 양육행동을 포함한 가정환경적인 변인도 중요하지만 어머니의 우울을 예방하고 감소시키기 위한 개입 방안을 마련할 필요가 있음을 제안한다.The purpose of this study was to examine the direct effect of maternal perceptions of economic stress on preschoolers’ problem behaviors and the indirect effects through maternal depression, marital conflict, and maternal positive parenting behavior. A total of 491 mothers of 3- to 5-year-old preschoolers participated in this study, and data were collected through the mother’s report. Using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 23.0, data were analyzed using the t-test, correlations, and structural equation modeling (SEM). The main results are summarized as follows. First, maternal economic stress did not directly affect preschoolers’ problem behaviors. Second, maternal economic stress had an indirect effect on preschoolers’ problem behaviors through maternal depression, and through marital conflict and positive parenting behavior, and through depression, marital conflict, and positive parenting behavior. In other words, the economic stress that mothers recognized had indirect effects on preschoolers’ problem behaviors through maternal depression, marital conflict, and positive parenting behaviors. Our study findings emphasize the importance of maternal depression in preschoolers’ problem behaviors. The results of this study are expected to be used as an empirical foundation for developing programs to prevent preschoolers’ problem behaviors.

Driving and Inhibiting Factors of Stunting Child Care Behavior in Padang Lawas District

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em><em>One of the nutritional problems experienced by children in Indonesia is stunting. Stunting itself is a condition of poor child growth and development. The researcher aims to explore the driving factors and inhibitors of stunting parenting behavior in Padang Lawas Regency. The type of research used in the study was qualitative research with a descriptive phenomenological approach. This research was conducted at three health centers: Sibuhuan Health Center, Tanjung Botung Health Center, and Ujung Batu Health Center in July 2022-January 2023. In this study, the number of participants was ten people consisting of mothers, community leaders, and regional heads. The data analysis in this study was carried out by content analysis immediately after each interview process, namely at the same time as the data transcript was made. The results of interviews about mothers' knowledge in fulfilling children's nutrition found that the majority of mothers have good knowledge in fulfilling nutrition in general, where mothers know about the definition of exclusive breast milk and its benefits, know the right time to give complementary foods for breast milk and the types of foods that must be present in the child's plate in fulfilling their nutrition. This study concludes that positive parenting behavior occurs when there is a driving force for positive behavior; the driving factors found in this study are knowledge, access to information, and support from health workers. At the same time, the mother's parenting behavior is negative if there are restraining forces that prevent her from positive behavior. It is recommended to the Ujung Batu, Tanjung Botung and Sibuhuan Community Health Centers to provide health education on exclusive breastfeeding and appropriate complementary foods for toddlers and to collaborate with cross-sectors in preventing stunting through changing behavior in fulfilling child nutrition.</em> </em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><strong><em>Keyword: </em></strong> <strong><em>Breast Milk, Behavior, Complementary Foods, Parenting, Stunting</em></strong>

Parental future orientation and parenting outcomes: Development and validation of an adapted measure of parental decision making

Parenting practices, especially those characterized by harsh and neglectful behaviors, have a significant impact on child development. Despite the importance of parenting, little attention has been paid to personality-linked constructs that may guide how parents make decisions regarding their interactions with their children. For instance, parents who focus on getting their child to do something immediately may engage in behaviors that yield rapid compliance (e.g., hitting, yelling) at the expense of longer-term parent-child relationship quality. Building on literatures examining the effects of time horizon on behavior, this series of studies examined the development of a measure of parental time horizon to evaluate whether parents who focus on short-term (immediate) consequences of their actions experience higher rates of parenting distress and engage in more negative parenting behaviors. Study 1 examined the psychometric properties of a parenting-adapted Consideration of Future Consequences Scale, finding that more immediate time orientation was associated with greater parenting stress. Study 2 replicated these results and relations to parenting distress, suggesting that time orientation was associated with positive and negative parenting behaviors in a socioeconomically distressed sample. Together, these studies demonstrate support for further evaluating parental time orientation and its effects on parent and child outcomes.

Relations between Positive Parenting Behavior during Play and Child Language Development at Early Ages

Parental behavior in interactions with children has been related to child language development. Our study contributes to the literature about relations between the characteristics of parent-child interactions during play and a child's language development in typically developing children at early ages, with data from mothers and fathers from the same families in Spain. Our aim was to analyze the relation between positive parenting behaviors assessed with the Spanish version of the Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO) and child language development assessed with the Bayley-III scales. We controlled for some sociodemographic variables. The participants were 90 children aged 15-31 months and their mothers and fathers. Bivariate analysis showed significant positive relations between mothers' responsive, encouraging and teaching behaviors and a child's language scores. Relations were found between fathers' encouraging and teaching behaviors and a child's language. Regression models indicate that maternal and paternal encouraging behaviors predicted 18% of the variability in the child's receptive language, and maternal responsive and teaching behaviors predicted 16% of the variability in the child's expressive language and total language scores. The study provides new data that support the relevance of positive parental behaviors to improve a child's linguistic development.

An exploration of parenting styles, cultural values, and infant development in a sample of Latin American immigrants in Canada.

The objectiveofthecurrent research wastoinvestigate the relationship between parenting style, culture, and infant development in a sample of Latin American mother-infant dyads in Toronto, Canada. We examined associations between mothers' self-reported parenting style and infantcognitive and socioemotional development, which we compared to results from mothers belonging to two other Canadian immigrant populations. We further examined whether specific cultural correlates, includingaffiliationwithtraditional Latinx cultural beliefs familism and fatalism and acculturation, were associated with positive parenting behaviors in the Latin American sample. Across all three cultural groups, authoritative parenting predictedadaptivesocio-emotionaldevelopment , an effect which differed in magnitude across groups, providing support for the hypothesis that the effect of parenting behaviors on infant development are moderated by culture. Within the Latin American sample, affiliation with the value of familism was associated with higher scores of authoritative parenting, butfamilism decreased as acculturation to the host culture increased. This research adds to our understanding of factors that contribute to the well-being of Latin American familiesinCanada. Findings carry implications for provision of infant mental health services to Latin American immigrant families by identifying cultural variables which should be considered when providing parenting interventions to make such interventions more culturally relevant.

Association between maternal job burnout and adolescent depression: the chain mediating effect of maternal depression and parenting style

To investigate the association between maternal job burnout and adolescent depression and the mediating effect of maternal depression and parenting style. A cross-sectional study was conducted. The cluster random sampling method was used to select 2 572 adolescents from 7 middle schools in Shanghai, China, from April to May, 2021. A survey was performed for these adolescents and their mothers. The research tools included a general information questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, short-form of Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran, and Children's Depression Inventory. A structural equation model was established, and the Bootstrap method was used to investigate the mediating effect. The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 12.71% (327/2 572) among the adolescents. The scores of maternal job burnout, maternal depression, and negative parenting style were positively correlated with the score of adolescent depression (P<0.05), and the score of positive parenting style was negatively correlated with the score of adolescent depression (P<0.05). Maternal depression and parenting style played a mediating role between maternal job burnout and adolescent depression, including the individual mediating effect of maternal depression, the individual mediating effect of positive parenting style, and the chain mediating effect of maternal depression-negative/positive parenting style. Maternal job burnout may affect adolescent depression through the mediating effect of depression, parenting style, and depression-parenting style, suggesting that the symptoms of adolescent depression can be reduced by alleviating maternal job burnout, improving maternal depression, increasing positive parenting behaviors, and reducing negative parenting behaviors.

유아기 부모의 양육불안과 스트레스가 심리 및 행동 통제에 미치는 영향

Background/Objectives: This study the effects of parenting anxiety on psychological and behavioral control mediated by parenting stress.&#x0D; Methods: The total of 208 father and mother of 3-5 year-old children across the country participated in this study. A path model was tested using the AMOS 22.0 program. Bootstrapping methods were used to determine the statistical significance of the indirect effects of the parameters.&#x0D; Results: First, it appeared that as the parents’ anxiety increased, the mother’s parental distress, stress regarding a difficult child increased moreover, as the father’s relationship anxiety increased, all subfactors of the father’s parenting stress increased. In contrast, as the mother’s relationship anxiety increased, the mother’s parent-child dysfunctional interaction, stress regarding a difficult child increased. Second, it appeared that as father’s ability anxiety increased, the father’s behavioral control decreased. However the mother’s ability anxiety did not have a direct impact on mother’s psychological control and behavioral control. Third, it appeared that the parental distress of the parents did not directly impact their psychological and behavioral control. Fourth, it appeared that parenting stress had a mediating effect on the impact of parenting anxiety on the parents’ psychological and behavioral control. Finally, it appeared that the mother’s ability anxiety enhanced the mother’s psychological control because of the stress regarding difficult child.&#x0D; Conclusion/Implications: This study proves that parent’s parenting anxiety and parenting stress are important factors that can influence the psychological and behavioral controls. Thus, developing counseling programs for reducing parenting anxiety and parenting stress tailored to and parents raising infants and to developing parent education programs, including warranted discipline method for promoting positive parenting behaviors, is necessary.

Potential Points of Intervention to Minimize the Impact of Parents' Adverse Childhood Experiences on Child Mental Health.

Children of parents who experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are at elevated risk for mental health (MH) issues. The goal of this study was to explore the relationships between parent ACEs and child MH and to identify potential mediators and points of psychosocial intervention. Participants were 1307 children aged 5 to 9 years from diverse backgrounds and their primary caregivers. Using cross-sectional questionnaire data, we used structural equation modeling to examine the research questions. Parent ACEs were directly related to child MH issues (β = 0.189, p < 0.001). This relationship was fully mediated by parent MH (β = 0.374, p < 0.001; β = 0.246, p < 0.001) and positive parenting behaviors (β = -0.237, p < 0.001; β = -0.556, p < 0.001). High parent ACEs were negatively associated with parent MH (β = 0.374, p < 0.001), which was then negatively associated with parenting behaviors (β = -0.500, p < 0.001), which was then negatively associated with child MH (β = -0.600, p < 0.001). Parent MH maintained a significant, though attenuated, direct relationship with child MH (β = 0.102, p < 0.05). Parents with high ACEs but who have good mental health and positive parenting behaviors demonstrated no impact of their ACEs on their children's mental health. Providing MH care to parents and parenting programs may be strategies for improving children's MH. Parenting behavior assessment is recommended for clinicians when pediatric patients present with MH concerns.

Sequencing drinking events and use of punitive, nonpunitive, and positive parenting behaviors with ecological momentary assessment

BackgroundThe relationship between alcohol use and parenting is primarily predicated on use of both past year drinking and parenting behaviors, making it difficult to develop prevention and intervention efforts that target alcohol-related maltreatment. Here, we assess the sequencing of parenting behaviors in relation to alcohol use (e.g., whether punitive parenting and alcohol use occur simultaneously). MethodsUsing Ecological Momentary Assessment, a convenience sample of parents was asked to take three brief surveys daily (at 10 a.m., 3 p.m., and 9 p.m.) for 14 days. If the parent was with the focal child, they were asked to identify whether they had used one of six randomly assigned parenting behaviors (punitive, nonpunitive, or positive). Alcohol use was queried at the 9 p.m. survey on days 7 and 14. Logistic multilevel models were used to analyze the data. FindingsParents reported less nonpunitive parenting during the time in which they reported drinking, and less positive parenting behaviors on the morning after the drinking occurred. ConclusionsParents may be less attentive to children’s behavior while drinking, or they may be less inclined to find that behavior needing correction. Drinking may reduce the likelihood of positive parenting the next day if parents are feeling hungover or have negative aftereffects from drinking. These parents may want to explicitly have another adult provide caregiving duties during the drinking event or plan drinking when it is less likely to cause the least amount of harm (e.g., when children are in bed).

Dual-mediation effect of cognitive emotion regulation and marital intimacy in the relationship between self-differentiation and positive parenting behaviors of mother

연구목적: 어머니의 자기 분화가 인지적 정서 조절과 부부친밀감을 매개로 어머니의 긍정적 양육 행동에 직, 간접적으로 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 방법: 설문 조사로 얻어진 299부의 자료에 대하여 Hayes process 6번 모형을 이용하여회귀분석 및 부트스트랩 검정을 진행하였다. 결과: 어머니의 자기 분화는 긍정적인 양육 행동에 직접적인 영향을 미치고 있었으며, 적응적인 인지적 정서 조절과 부부친밀감을 이중 매개로 하여 간접적인 영향을 미치는것으로 나타났다. 결론: 긍정적 양육 행동을 증진시키기 위해서는 어머니의 자기 분화 수준이 높아질 수있도록 하며, 가족 내 다양한 역동이 어머니의 긍정적인 양육 행동을 이끌어내는 지지역할을 할 수 있도록 지원할 필요가 있다.Objectives: This study aims to verify the dual-mediation effect of cognitive emotion regulation and marital intimacy in the relationship between mothers’ self-differentiation and their positive parenting behaviors. Methods: The subjects were 229 mothers. Hayes process macro (Model 6) was used to demonstrate the correlation and dual-mediating effect among relevant variables. Results: The relationship between mothers’ self-differentiation and their positive parenting behaviors was mediated by cognitive emotion regulation and marital intimacy. Conclusions: The results suggest the need for intervention to promote mothers’ self-differentiation so that familysub-systems support mothers’ parenting behaviors.