Positive Orientation Research Articles

Толерантность к неопределенности и суеверность как личностные ресурсы решения социальных проблем учащейся молодежью

<p>The phenomena of tolerance/intolerance to uncertainty and belief in the paranormal as personal resources for solving social problems by students were examined. The relevance of the topic is due to an attempt to identify the necessary personal determinants that help to effectively cope with life difficulties in the face of the uncertainty and multitasking in the modern world. Hypotheses about the inverse correlation between tolerance to uncertainty and superstition, as well as the direct correlation between tolerance and a rational style and positive orientation, belief in the paranormal with a negative orientation, an avoidant and impulsive style of solving social problems have been put forward. The results of an empirical study conducted among university students studying at the social science, humanities and medical faculties are presented (N=252), aged 18 to 21 years. A set of diagnostic techniques was used: the questionnaire for solving social problems by M.M. Danina et al., the "Paranormal Belief Scale" by J. Tobacyk (adaptation by D.S. Grigoriev), the modified questionnaire of tolerance to uncertainty by S. Badner (adaptation by T.V. Kornilova, M.A. Chumakova). According to the results of the study, it was found that students have a low tendency towards superstition and more often use a rational style when solving social problems. They are also characterized by a predominantly positive problem orientation. The direct correlations of tolerance to uncertainty with a rational style and positive problem orientation, as well as negative connections with avoidant and impulsive styles, a negative problem orientation were found.</p>

Relationship between Time Perspective, Psychological Capital, and Work Performance

Abstract: The relationship between Time Perspective (TP), Psychological Capital (PsyCap), and Work Performance (WP) among employees in diverse private and service sector organizations was looked into. A quantitative cross-sectional approach was adopted, with 214 participants meticulously selected through purposive sampling. Advanced statistical tools in SPSS, such as Spearman's rho and linear regression, were utilized to rigorously examine the relationships and influences between TP, PsyCap, and WP. The findings of this study challenged traditional notions by rejecting two null hypotheses, thereby uncovering significant correlations and impacts among the variables under investigation. Notably, the research underscored the pivotal role of specific TP dimensions, particularly Past Positive and Future orientations, in shaping PsyCap's influence on WP. This nuanced understanding sheds light on the multifaceted nature of employee behaviour and performance within organizational contexts, highlighting the need for tailored interventions and strategies to enhance employee well-being and productivity.

Nostalgia Promotes Positive Beliefs about College Belonging and Success among First-Generation College Students

First-generation college students often develop negative thoughts and expectations about whether they belong in college and whether they can be successful in college, and these negative thoughts play a major role in college retention and success. Nostalgia, a mixed but mostly positive emotional experience that involves reflecting on personally meaningful events from one’s life, has been found to promote an optimistic future orientation. We tested the applied value of nostalgia’s future-orienting capacity for fostering positive beliefs about college belonging and success among first-generation college students in 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, first-generation students who reflected on a nostalgic event from their past reported more positive beliefs about their potential to discover a sense of belonging in their college community, compared to first-generation students who reflected on an ordinary event. In Experiment 2, nostalgic reflection once again increased positive expectations for belonging in first-generation college students as well as optimism for academic success. We conclude that the power of nostalgia to promote a positive future orientation may be harnessed by institutions and programs looking to encourage belonging and optimism to help first-generation college students adjust to and succeed in college.

Organizational Communication Patterns as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Citizenship Motives

Organizational communication patterns were used to predict the extent to which employees engaged in organizational citizenship behaviors. Both job satisfaction and citizenship motives were examined as potential mediators in the relationship between organizational communication patterns and organizational citizenship behaviors. Using a census-matched nationally representative sample ( N = 378) data were collected from participants from a variety of industries and organizations. As predicted, the conversation and positive conformity orientations positively predicted organizational citizenship behaviors. The negative conformity dimension negatively predicted in-role and organizational citizenship behaviors but counter to the prediction was a positive predictor of individual citizenship behaviors in the path analysis. Citizenship motives served as a full or partial mediator for both the positive conformity and conversation orientations relationship with organizational citizenship behaviors; however, job satisfaction did not act as a mediator for any of the relationships between organizational communication patterns and organizational citizenship behaviors.

Problem orientation as a moderator of the relation between discrimination and passive suicidal ideation

BackgroundPassive suicidal ideation (i.e., the desire to be dead) may be an important, yet understudied, risk factor for suicidal behavior. Experiences of discrimination have been linked to greater severity of suicidal ideation though less work has examined factors that influence this relation. Though not explicitly tested, prior work suggests that problem orientation, defined as an individual's general beliefs about problems in daily life, may be an important moderator of this relation. In the present study, positive and negative problem orientation were hypothesized to moderate the relation between everyday discrimination and past month frequency of passive suicidal ideation. MethodThe study consisted of a diverse (62.4 % non-White; 21.4 % Latino/a/x; 27 % sexual minority) adult sample (N = 392; Mage = 20.24, SD = 2.49, 67.3 % female) recruited from a U.S. Mid-Atlantic college campus. Discrimination, problem orientation, past-month depressive symptoms, and past-month frequency of passive suicidal ideation were assessed using self-report measures. A single path model with Bayesian estimation was used to evaluate concurrent relations among study variables. ResultsAfter controlling for depressive symptoms, sex, sexual identity, and age, positive problem orientation buffered the impact of lifetime discrimination on past month passive suicidal ideation (b = -0.01, 95 % credibility interval [CI]: [-0.008, -0.001]). Negative problem orientation did not moderate this relation (b = 0.00, 95 % CI: [-0.002, 0.003]). LimitationsStudy design was cross-sectional in nature. ConclusionsResults suggest that bolstering positive problem orientation in treatment with young adults who have experienced discrimination may help reduce suicide risk.

Children’s vulnerabilities and pathways to conflict with the law: Insights from Swatantra Clinic, a specialised mental health service at a tertiary care centre in India

'Swatantra-Clinic' at NIMHANS, India, provides mental healthcare to vulnerable children. This study describes the clinical profile, vulnerability and protective factors of 77 adolescents in conflict with the law (CICL). 90.9 % (n=70) reported Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), 58.4 % (n=45) had school-related difficulties, 68.9 % (n=53) reported child labour experiences, 64.9 % (n=50) had deviant peer associations, and 40 % (n=31) experimented with substance use. Despite vulnerabilities, 72.7 %(n=56) had a positive future orientation, 45.5 % (n=35) had supportive caregivers and exhibited prosocial skills. only 12 % (n=9) followed up on recommendations, highlighting the need for collaborative and transdisciplinary care to promote CICL rehabilitation and community integration.

Mellostalgia: looking forward to looking back

ABSTRACT Nostalgia has predominantly been situated as a positive orientation to the past – a function of either personal or vicarious rose – tinted memory, triggered by circumstances in the present – a past/present dichotomy. Yet, nostalgia has no counterpart, a concept to explain a longing for the future, anchored in the present and determined by actions taken in the present. This paper details such an emotion by proposing the concept of “Mellostalgia.” Drawing on a study of visitors to the site of a British TV drama, the process of experiencing mellostalgia through a series of triggers and actions is examined. These include; stimulating mellostalgia; mellostalgia, the present and the future, and, capturing the mellostalgic experience, or “looking forward to looking back.”

An enhancement methodology for predicting transaction amounts for freelancers on freelance platforms: Based on sentiment analysis

Freelancing is a type of labor arrangement in which independent freelancers use their discretionary time to perform ad hoc tasks, usually of a single nature, with the aim of getting paid. This study proposes an augmented method for predicting the amount of freelance transactions using textual sentiment analysis. First, a unique feature labeled Freelancer Sentiment was selected to summarize the positive or negative sentiment orientation of freelancers. Subsequently, Naive Bayes algorithm is applied to process the text data from the freelancers platform to finally develop a Model for Computing Word Sentiment Values. The model helps to accurately calculate the sentiment values associated with emotional words. Finally, the Word Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) algorithm is used to construct the Text Sentiment Value Calculation Model, so as to accurately calculate the sentiment values of freelancers. The results of the comparison experiments of the five commonly used prediction models show that the mean squared error (MSE) of the model that includes the freelancer sentiment feature is significantly reduced by 6%-11% compared with the model that does not include the freelancer sentiment feature. This study contains theoretical explorations and practical implications. First, the proposed approach of extracting features from textual data to build predictive models provides a valuable reference for future enhancement of predictive modeling on freelance platforms, especially those that rely on unstructured data. Second, incorporating textual sentiment value features relevant to freelancers can significantly improve the accuracy of predicting transaction amounts. Third, the calculation of word and text sentiment values employs a series of algorithms that target specific features of the freelancer platforms text data. This approach is important for improving the accuracy of feature value calculation.

The relationship between meaning in life, forgiveness, and gratitude among Polish adults: the mediating role of time perspective

ABSTRACT Two cross-sectional studies were performed to test two competing models in which time perspective orientation mediated the relationship between meaning in life (MIL) and positive resources, such as forgiveness and gratitude, in Polish adults. The results of the first study (N = 170) show that past negative time mediates the relationship between MIL and forgiveness. The second study (N = 218) found MIL to have a significant effect, direct and indirect, on gratitude via a past positive and present fatalistic time perspective. The alternative models were tested, MIL was the outcome variable, and forgiveness and gratitude were independent variables. Our findings show the mediating role of past negative between forgiveness and the presence of meaning, and the role of both positive and negative temporal orientations in the relationship between MIL and gratitude. The multidimensional approach to forgiveness and gratitude and the mediator role of positive and negative time perspectives in MIL can be widely used in psychoeducation and psychotherapy.

Foster parenting in old age as a crisis. Baseline hope, generalised self-efficacy, and positive orientation of foster parents in late adulthood

The article presents the results of own research presenting differences in the level of basic hope, the sense of generalized self-efficacy and positive orientation depending on the function of a foster parent for one’s grandchildren. For this purpose, the Basic Hope Questionnaire (BHI-12), the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Positive Orientation Scale (P Scale) and the self-survey were used. 160 people took part in the study. The study group consisted of 80 foster parents in late adulthood. The control group consisted of 80 elderly people who did not perform this function.
 Statistical analysis showed statistically significant differences in the level of all the studied variables. It turned out that foster parents are characterized by a higher level of basic hope (this effect is strong), a higher level of a sense of generalized self-efficacy, and a lower level of positive orientation. In the case of the last variable, the effect was very strong. On this basis, it can be concluded that elderly people acting as foster parents, in the situation of a crisis occurring in the family, consisting in the disintegration of the previous way of its functioning, having a sense of agency and conviction that it is possible to build a new order, i.e. a strong basic hope, decide to take over the care of their grandchildren. At the same time, the results of research in the field of positive orientation indicate that it is a difficult situation for them related to the experience of lower satisfaction with themselves and their lives.
 Surrogate parenting in late adulthood has been shown as a difficult situation in which the family and human life cycle are disrupted. The psychological situation of elderly people acting as foster parents for their grandchildren is particularly interesting, because the natural developmental crisis resulting from the aging process is superimposed by an additional situational crisis consisting in the loss of the care of the biological parents by the minors and the assumption of this responsibility by the grandparents

Volunteering as a social and psychological phenomenon

The article provides a theoretical reflection on the interpretations of the concepts of volunteering and volunteer activity in terms of their use in regulatory documents, as well as in the scientific discourse of foreign and domestic research. Two approaches to understanding volunteering are identified: institutional and social. It is substantiated that the institutional approach is based on the principles of integrity, organic solidarity, a combination of objective and subjective, and focuses on the involvement of organisations, governments and institutions in the promotion and support of volunteering. It is argued that volunteering as a social approach is implemented through the independent interconnection (social community) of people as subjects of volunteer activity, who have formed social values, interests, attitudes as the basis for the formation of the social identity of the community, demonstrate a responsible attitude and satisfaction with volunteering.It is established that the main functions of volunteering include mobilisation, social stabilisation, formation and development of civil society, regulatory, stimulating, communicative, as well as socialisation functions of self-knowledge, self-affirmation and professionalisation. Volunteering is seen as a type of activity based on the principles of freedom from external coercion, the possibility of choosing an action option, altruism, and activities outside of family and friendship. The features of volunteering as an activity are its procedural nature and positive orientation, as well as the implementation of this work in free time. The structure of volunteering is revealed through the motivational, cognitive, emotional and volitional components. Volunteer activity can be aimed at implementing three multidirectional aspects: ensuring the impact of active people on the specific historical situation in society; ensuring the impact of the most important activity on the personal properties of the person involved in this activity; obtaining significant competencies and specific knowledge, skills and abilities by the person involved in this activity.

The role of momentary emotions in promoting error learning orientation among lower secondary school students: An intervention study embedded in a short visual programming course.

Students make many errors in visual programming. In order to learn from these, it is important that students regulate their emotions and view errors as learning opportunities. This study aimed to explore to what extent momentary emotions, specifically enjoyment, anxiety and boredom, as well as the error learning orientation of students, interacted during a 1-day course on visual programming in an out-of-school learning environment. The sample consisted of 269 lower secondary school students (grades 7-9). The data were collected in an intervention study, with questionnaires applied directly before and after the course, and with four measurements of state emotions during the course. The results showed that error learning orientation had an expected effect on the students' emotions at the beginning of the course. The emotions changed positively over the course of the workshop, while the error learning orientation remained stable. No differences in error learning orientation were found between the control and intervention groups. An expected, reciprocal effect of students' emotions on their error learning orientation at the end of the course day could not be found. Changes in error learning orientation are difficult to achieve during 1-day courses. Nevertheless, through targeted, pedagogical approaches, which aim to minimize the influence of unfavourable emotions that occur in problem-oriented learning situations, teachers could help students develop a positive error learning orientation in the long term, whereby errors are viewed as an opportunity for learning.

Historical Analysis of the Effects of Drought on Rice and Maize Yields in Southeast Asia

This study performs an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to study the relationship between rice and maize productivities and the different time scales of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), including 1-month, 6-month, and 12-month time scales in Southeast Asia during the years 1970–2019. For the 1-month time scale, the averaged SPEI values are in the range of −1.0 to 1.0, indicating a moderate degree of dryness and humidity. Both 6-month and 12-month time scales suggest that many countries in Southeast Asia are experiencing mostly wet conditions, with SPEI values reaching up to 1.5. The relationship analysis by using EOF was indicated by the first and second principal components (PC1 and PC2) suggesting that drought events exhibit a positive orientation to crop productivity, especially maize in Southeast Asia. The pattern of climate oscillations, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), is likely related to crop productivity in Southeast Asia. The findings emphasize the importance of considering temporal climatic patterns in agricultural decision-making, with implications for enhancing regional climate resilience and ensuring sustainable food security in the face of global climate change.

Developmental assets in emerging adulthood—Systematic review

Characterizing emerging adulthood as a period of the life course has proven to be relevant in understanding development and intervention with a focus on a positive orientation in the life course trajectory. Characterized by individualization, this period implies that people are increasingly compelled to depend on their own resources to build their life course trajectory. Identifying which resources place the person on a positive developmental trajectory becomes more relevant. Within the field of the Positive Youth Development, the Developmental Assets® model specifically focuses on which resources, that is, which personal and contextual characteristics of emerging adults can favor a positive orientation in the trajectory of the life course. The objective of this investigation is to analyze the utilization of the Developmental Assets model in the emerging adult population. In the review process, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) protocol was applied. Research was conducted in July 2023 in electronic databases, namely: Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, ERIC, PsycArticles, SciELO and B-on. In this review, 13 articles published between 1999 and 2023 were included. Results indicate diversity in adopted methods, both on conceptualization of the concept and its operationalization. Results of the analysis of studies included indicate the relevance of applying the Developmental Assets model in emerging adults and the importance of its exploration in future investigations. The utilization of the model in the population of emerging adults is suggested as a strategy focusing on a positive developmental trajectory.

Social problem-solving in intimate partner violence victims: Exploring the relative contributions of shame and PTSD symptoms.

This study examined the contributions of shame and posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) symptoms to two dimensions of social problem-solving. A sample of 426 women who were seeking mental health assistance following experiences of intimate partner violencecompleted self-report and clinician measures. Separate path analyses were conducted for problem orientation and problem-solving styles. In the model examining problem orientation, higher levels of shame were significantly associated with lower levels of positive problem orientation (f2 = 0.32) and higher levels of negative problem orientation (f2 = 0.92), with large effects noted. PTSD symptoms were significantly, positively associated with negative problem orientation (f2 = 0.3, large effect). When examining problem-solving styles, shame showed a significant negative association with rational style (f2 = 0.08, small effect) and significant positive associations with impulsive style (f2 = 0.45, large effect) and avoidant style (f2 = 0.48, large effect). PTSD symptoms did not return significant associations with any of the three problem-solving styles. Results indicate that shame holds notable associations with both dimensions of social problem-solving, relative to PTSD symptoms, and are discussed in light of current models of post-trauma functioning. Implications for clinical care and early intervention efforts are highlighted.

Adolescent Mental Health and Resilience Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

PurposeWe aimed to assess levels of depression, anxiety, and resilience factors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a school sample of adolescents. We also aimed to examine the compensatory and protective effects of individual, family, and school resilience factors on adolescent mental health. MethodsWe used fall 2019 and fall 2020 survey responses from a cluster randomized controlled trial implemented in 20 schools in a Midwestern county. The sample consisted of 3,085 responses from students in grades 5 and 6. Multilevel mixed-effects models with cluster robust standard errors were used to investigate the associations between exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health (anxiety, depression), and resilience factors (future orientation, family engagement, and having a caring school adult). ResultsAnxiety, but not depression, was higher in fall 2020 compared to fall 2019. Family engagement increased during the pandemic, while future orientation of the student body was lower during that time and the prevalence of having a caring adult at school was unchanged. A positive future orientation was associated with lower levels of anxiety and depression, while having a caring school adult was associated with lower depression. Adolescents with less positive future orientations, low family engagement, and no caring school adults experienced the greatest increases in anxiety. DiscussionPositive future orientations, family engagement, and supportive nonparental adult relationships had compensatory and protective effects on adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adding these measures to the inventory of modifiable resilience factors during natural disasters may promote healthy adaptation among adolescents.

Trends in Positive Life Orientation Among 70-Year-Olds: A Comparison of Two Finnish Cohorts Born 20 Years Apart

ABSTRACT Objectives We assessed if positive life orientation (PLO) has increased among older individuals and explored gender disparities in PLO changes. Methods Two cohorts of 70-year-olds from Turku, Finland were included: the 1920 birth cohort (examined in 1991; n = 1,032) and the 1940 birth cohort (examined in 2011; n = 956). Participants completed an identical questionnaire assessing life satisfaction, feeling needed, future plans, zest for life, depression, and loneliness. A composite PLO score (range 0–1) was computed. Results The 2011 cohort had a higher mean PLO score than the 1991 cohort (.87 vs. .83, p < .001). The 2011 cohort reported higher sense of being needed, more future plans, and reduced loneliness (all p < .001). No significant differences were found in life satisfaction, zest for life, or depression. Gender disparities in PLO persisted across both cohorts, with men scoring slightly higher but following similar trends as women. Discussion PLO appears to have increased among older individuals. Clinical Implications Recognizing the rising trend of PLO in recent decades may influence the development of societal and healthcare policies to further improve overall well-being among older individuals.

Pasca-Apokaliptik: Hubungan Alam dan Manusia pada Anime Gin’iro No Kami No Agito Karya Keiichi Sugiyama

The title of this research is "Post-Apocalyptic: The Relationship Between Nature and Humanity in the Anime 'Gin'iro No Kami No Agito' by Keiichi Sugiyama." The purpose of this study is to describe the portrayal of post-apocalyptic life, environmental values, and the relationship between nature and humanity in the anime 'Gin'iro No Kami No Agito.' The research methodology in this study is the qualitative descriptive method. For the theoretical framework, the study draws from the field of literary ecocriticism, as formulated by Glotfelty. Based on the research findings and analysis conducted, the relationship between nature and humanity in the anime 'Gin'iro no Kami no Agito' leans toward a more positive orientation in the post-apocalyptic era. In this context, humanity places a strong emphasis on fostering harmony with nature, which is reflected in their behavior that consistently takes into account the well-being of the environment. However, the repercussions of the apocalyptic event also give rise to negative interactions, such as the anxiety experienced by humans due to the pressure exerted by the forest and the actions of Laguna City, which employ force to subdue nature. Consequently, the anime depicts how humans, in general, experience a sense of being burdened by the natural world, leading to anxiety and resistance. This results in an unstable relationship between humanity and nature, ultimately dividing the human population into two groups: Neutral City and Laguna City.

Principal Accompaniment in Australian Faith-Based Schools: A Salutogenesis Approach.

A program designed to provide accompaniment reflects a salutogenesis emphasis aimed at sustaining the professional well-being of experienced principals. A mixed methods pilot study focused on participant (N = 12) orientation, principles of accompaniment, mission-aligned processes, leadership agency, structured conversations, and nominated outcomes. Data were collected over twelve months at three stages using online survey. Australian Catholicprincipals reported a positive orientation experience, professional well-being, the comprehensiveness of the program, and the manageability of its implementation. Discussion confirmed design elements contributed to the wholistic nature of accompaniment linking body, mind, and spirit in conversational processes and the transformative effects of these exchanges on professional practice and well-being.

ASSESSING THE ATTITUDE OF TEACHER EDUCATORS TOWARDS THE INTEGRATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS

The purpose of the present study is to assess the attitude of teacher educators in relation to gender, qualification and experience towards the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching learning process. The survey was conducted in 10 Government and Private Teacher Education Institutions of Kashmir Division (UT of J&amp;K, India). Descriptive survey method was employed for the present investigation. Stratified sampling technique was used to select the sample of 100 teacher educators teaching in government and private institutions. Data collection technique employed in this present study was Attitude Scale towards Information Technology for Teachers (ASTITT-IN) by Nasrin and Islahi (2012). The data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics such as Mean, Standard Deviation, percentage and t-test. The study reveals that there was no significant difference in the attitudes between male and female teacher educators. However, a notable distinction emerged in the attitudes of teacher educators from government and private institutions was that the teacher educators from government institutions were found to possess higher level of favourable attitude towards ICT. The study also delved into the impact of professional experience on teacher educators' attitudes towards ICT integration and the findings indicate a noticeable difference based on the participants' experience levels. A small subset of educators exhibited a highly positive attitude towards ICT integration while the majority displayed a generally positive orientation. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into the nuanced perspectives of teacher educators in both government and private institutions regarding ICT integration. The identified variations based on institutional affiliation and experience levels underscore the need for tailored strategies and interventions to foster a more widespread positive attitude towards the incorporation of ICT tools in the education sector and prepare teachers to teach effectively with technology.