Positive Norms Research Articles

Penyelesaian Permasalahan Tenaga Kerja Di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara

Finding legal solutions for labor disputes in North Minahasa Regency (Minuta), particularly at the Manpower Office, is the goal of the study. The use of normative juridical research involves understanding the law as a set of rules or positive norms, as well as laws in addition to interviews and observations, and then reviewing or analyzing secondary data in the form of legal materials, particularly primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The findings indicate that fewer labor cases—five—than in 2020 and 2021 were submitted to the Minuta of Manpower Office. Upon submission of the instances, the involved parties voluntarily decided to address the issue after they had instructions from the Manpower Office representatives.

Food delivery platform and food waste: Deciphering the role of promotions, knowledge, and subjective norms among Indonesian generation Z

With the popularity of food delivery applications in Indonesia, there is a need to promote responsible consumption habits, specifically in mitigating food waste. This study examined the influence of promotion, knowledge, and subjective norms on sustainable food waste behaviour among Generation Z individuals in Indonesia. The study involved an online survey of 561 Generation Z users of meal delivery platforms, with data analysis conducted using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) through SMART-PLS 4 software. The study contradicted that promotion and knowledge directly affect food waste reduction behaviour. Promotion can positively impact responsible food waste behaviour when mediated by price consciousness and perceived behavioural control. Knowledge requires attitude and perceived behavioural control to influence responsible food-wasting. It became apparent that subjective norms directly affected responsible food waste and were mediated by attitude. The antecedent variables examined in this study explained a 63.7% variance of sustainable behaviour towards food waste, indicating moderate explanatory power. Promotion conducted by food delivery service applications, accompanied by information and practical strategies to enhance consumers' perceived behavioural control, can increase the likelihood of sustainable food waste behaviour among Generation Z consumers, particularly price-conscious consumers. To foster positive attitudes and subjective norms towards sustainable food waste behaviour, policymakers can incentivize academic institutions, culinary businesses, and influencers to promote food waste reduction.

Global existence and the time decay estimates of solutions to the compressible quantum Navier–Stokes–Maxwell system in R3$\mathbb {R}^3$

AbstractWe consider the Cauchy problem of the compressible quantum Navier–Stokes–Maxwell equations with the linear damping in the isentropic case under the small perturbation of the constant equilibrium state in three dimensions. Based on the refined energy method, we establish the classical solution globally in time in Sobolev space. By the combination of the energy estimates with the interpolation between the positive Sobolev norms and the negative Sobolev norms with , we also obtain the algebraic decay rates of the classical solution. What is more, the –L2 types of the time decay rates of the solution are obtained without small assumption on the initial data in L1 norm.

IMPLEMENTASI MATERI NORMA DAN HUKUM UNTUK PENCEGAHAN BULLYING DI SMPN 5 MUARO JAMBI

This study aims to provide an overview of efforts to implement norm and law materials for bullying prevention at SMP N 5 Muaro Jambi and, To determine the supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of norm and law materials for bullying prevention at SMP N 5 Muaro Jambi. This research was carried out at SMPN 5 Muaro Jambi, located on Jl. lintas Sumatra No.RT.09, Sekernan, Kec. Sekernan, Muaro Jambi regency, when the research was carried out in the even semester of the 2022/2023 academic year. The research approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. The type of research used in this study is Case study The data collected in this study is descriptive. The results showed that in an effort to implement norms and laws for the prevention of bullying at SMP N 5 Muaro Jambi which was carried out through learning activities in the classroom and activities outside the classroom using the following methods or strategies: a) Exemplary To shape the character of students who obey norms and non-violence through the example ofteachers b) Spontaneous activities Including disciplinary activities c) Conditioning, in the nature of implementing norms and laws for the prevention of bullying in schools in order to form civic knowledge it occurs because there aresupporting factors and inhibiting factors.Supporting factors consist of awareness of school residents to apply positive norms on various occasions, inhibiting factors consist of student conditions that are still unstable.

Whose Job Is It Anyway? Parents' Perspectives of Responsibilities for Educating Their Children About Sex.

Parents who do not feel responsible for parent-child sexual communication (PCSC) may be missing out on opportunities to engage in PCSC that has protective effects on children's sexual well-being. Using the theory of planned behavior and feminist theory, we explore how parents' PCSC attitudes and demographics are associated with perceptions of who is responsible for PCSC. Using data collected in December 2019 through January 2020 from parents of 6-11-year-olds, we ran chi-square tests, ANOVAs, and logistic regressions to determine how parent PCSC attitudes and other parental factors are associated with parent perceptions of who is responsible for PCSC. The majority of parents saw themselves and/or a co-parent as primarily responsible for PCSC about facts and values. Bivariately, parents with higher scores of perceived positive PCSC outcomes, subjective norms, and self-efficacy were more likely to believe that they were solely responsible or shared an equal responsibility for PCSC. Multivariately, mothers and genderqueer parents, parents with the same gender as their child, and parents whose co-parent was less involved in parenting were more likely to report being solely responsible for PCSC. Most parents saw themselves or a partner as most responsible for PCSC; parent and child gender were the strongest determinants of parents' perceptions of PCSC responsibility. These results suggest that it may be more effective for parent education to challenge and deconstruct traditional gender roles versus focusing on self-efficacy, norms, and perceived outcomes if we want to increase parents' perceived PCSC responsibility, especially within different-gender parent-child dyads.

Exploring the positive factors supporting women's decisions to study undergraduate engineering

ABSTRACT This study, the second phase of a two-part investigation, employs the Reasoned Action Approach (Ajzen and Fishbein 2015) to analyse women's intentions to pursue undergraduate engineering—an approach not previously applied to address the gender disparity in engineering disciplines (Ajzen and Fishbein 2015). Through three focus groups comprising women at various stages and disciplines of undergraduate engineering studies at University College Dublin, the research identifies unique motivations and common themes. The primary findings reveal that two key factors influenced female participants' decisions to pursue undergraduate engineering: the presence of positive injunctive norms and a gender-based confidence gap in mathematics, identified in stage 1, impacting perceived behavioural control. Women with strong mathematical confidence were more likely to choose engineering. The role of mathematical confidence has been found in this study to impact the decision to study undergraduate engineering among women. As such, improving women's mathematical confidence should increase the number of women who choose to study undergraduate engineering. Furthermore, the impact of specific individual encouragement on the decision to choose to study undergraduate engineering among the group of young women who do hold high levels of perceived behavioural control is a new insight of research in this area.

Mental health therapy for veterans with PTSD as a family affair: A qualitative inquiry into how family support and social norms influence veteran engagement in care.

Social support is important for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) recovery and emerging literature indicate that social support could increase engagement in PTSD therapy. However, there is a need to understand how and why family involvement can increase treatment engagement to inform strategies used in clinical practice. This study explores how individuals with PTSD and family members of individuals with PTSD experience therapy and how social interactions help or hinder therapy engagement. We interviewed 18 U.S. military veterans who had been referred for psychotherapy for PTSD in the Veterans Health Administration and 13 family members and used rapid content analysis to identify themes. We found that engaging in therapy was a family-level decision that participants expected to improve family life. Veterans were motivated to seek treatment to protect their relationships with loved ones. Family members generally encouraged veterans to seek treatment. Specifically, family members who viewed PTSD as a treatable illness versus a static aspect of the veteran's personality expressed positive attitudes about the effectiveness of therapy for reducing symptoms. Veterans whose social networks included individuals with prior military or trauma-related experiences reported that their loved ones possessed more understanding of PTSD and described positive subjective norms around therapy. Family members are often embedded in the therapy process because PTSD has a profound impact on the family. Positive subjective norms for therapy are created by family encouragement and may influence veteran perceptions about the value of treatment. Family members should be engaged early in mental health therapy and to the extent desired by the patient and family member. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Reading Circles: Triggers for Increased Engagement of EFL Learners in Extensive Reading

While reading circles have been utilized to promote extensive reading in many educational settings, studies on higher levels of reading engagement in under-researched, English-as-a-foreign-language contexts are still in their infancy. Therefore, the current study examines the factors that increase learners’ levels of engagement in extensive reading tasks. I used learner diaries to collect data from 60 undergraduate students (ages 19–23) learning English as a foreign language in Mali. The findings suggested that cohesive groups with positive norms, behavioral changes during the task (e.g., investing an exceptional effort to achieve a significant learning goal, such as reading an entire story or a novel), and enjoyment after completing a reading task corresponded with these learners’ high engagement levels in extensive reading. Although the findings of this study are specific to one group of language learners, they can still be applied to plan classroom interventions in other EFL contexts to promote learners’ reading engagement.

The Importance of Brand Registration to Reduce Unfair Competition in the World of Trade

Objective: The purpose of this study is to find out the legal solution to the importance of trademark registration to reduce the occurrence of unfair competition in the world of trade and provide sanctions for parties who imitate and copy marks. Method: The Research methods carried out in a systematic way in carrying out analysis and data collection activities in striving for certain goals to be achieved are definitions for research, For the realization of this research, the method applied is the analytical descriptive method. The purpose of this method is intended to be able to deliver a bright picture as a whole, carry out an assessment of positive legal norms and dig deeper into legal facts. The type of research that is then also applied in this research is normative juridical. Results: With a multitude of product brands in the market, it often confuses consumers when making choices. Sometimes, consumers choose products based on their budget, leading to the circulation of many counterfeit brands with significantly lower prices but identical names and appearances to genuine products. This is what is referred to as a violation of trademark rights. Therefore, for a trademark to be valid, it needs to be registered. Registration is carried out to provide valid proof of ownership of the trademark, to challenge counterfeit brands in circulation, and to reject trademarks with identical appearances registered by others. Thus, trademark registration is conducted to obtain protection and legal certainty for a brand.

Enablers and barriers of male involvement in the use of modern family planning methods in Eastern Uganda: a qualitative study

BackgroundMale involvement plays a critical role in the utilization of various sexual and reproductive health services. We explored enablers and barriers of male involvement in the use of modern family planning methods in Eastern Uganda.MethodsThis was a qualitative study in Mbale, Eastern Uganda done between November and December 2022. We conducted three group discussions comprising of four participants each, with male partners and eight key informant interviews with midwives. We followed a group discussion guide during the group discussions and an interview guide during the key informant interviews to explore enablers and barriers of male involvement in the use of modern family planning methods. All the interviews and group discussions were audio-recorded with permission from the participants, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed following thematic content analysis approach.ResultsTwo sub-themes emerged from the analysis; perceived enablers and barriers. The perceived enablers included positive attitude, subjective norms, need to support the woman, mutual consent, limited resources and expected benefits of reducing gender-based violence and sexually transmitted infections. Lack of male partner consent, busy work engagement, social stigma, religious prohibition, desire for many children and gender roles incompatibility hindered male partner involvement in family planning. Fear of side effects and misconceptions, unconducive hospital environment in form of mistreatment, family planning considered a female’s issue, and lack of consideration of male partner needs in family planning clinic were additional barriers to male involvement.ConclusionMale involvement in family planning was related to positive attitude and subjective norms towards family planning, mutual consent, and recognition for limited resources to support a large family size. Lack of male partner approval, fear of side effects and misconceptions, unconducive hospital environment and social, cultural and religious prohibitions discouraged male partner involvement in family planning. Community based approaches to family planning sensitization, such as community education campaigns, may be an important step toward reducing barriers to male involvement in the use of modern family planning methods.

How does fairness promote innovative behavior in organizational change?: The importance of social context

AbstractThis study examined how and when employee perceptions of change fairness increase their engagement in innovative behavior during organizational change. Drawing upon fairness heuristic theory, we suggest that change fairness plays a pivotal role as a key heuristic about trustworthiness of leaders and managers in motivating employees to engage in innovative behavior. We also suggest that this change fairness effect becomes stronger or weaker depending on social contexts (change norms, change norm strength, and status differentiation) within a group. Our findings from survey data (N = 318; 35 teams) supported our hypotheses, showing that change fairness is positively related to innovative behavior and that this relationship becomes weaker when (a) group members demonstrate supportive behaviors for the planned change on average (positive change norms), (b) all group members uniformly demonstrate change‐supportive behaviors (strong change norms), and (c) group members' social status perceptions are similar (low status differentiation). We provide insights into theory development and change implementation in practice by highlighting the crucial role of fairness as a key decision heuristic about the trustworthiness of management and demonstrating how social contexts substitute the fairness effect on innovative behavior.

The effects of the theory of planned behaviour on the switching propensity of retail banking customers at different critical switching incidents

PurposeThe paper aims to explore the effects of the behavioural antecedents suggested by the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) (i.e. positive subjective norms, high perceived behavioural control and positive attitudes towards switching) on the switching propensity of retail banking customers at several critical switching incidents (CSIs) (i.e. events of unfavourable reputation concerning their current bank or favourable reputation concerning competitor banks, service failures, problems with charges and interest rates, herding behaviour, inconvenience, alternative banks' attractiveness and unethical bank practices).Design/methodology/approachA self-completed online survey was conducted among 324 Cypriot retail banking customers. For the data analysis, the researchers used principal component analysis (PCA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM).FindingsThe study revealed that the behavioural antecedents specified by TPB play different roles in various CSIs. Positive subjective norms may drive bank customers to switch at critical incidents such as: service failure, unfavourable bank reputation, alternative banks' attractiveness, inconvenience, favourable reputation of other banks and herding behaviour. High perceived behavioural control can lead to switching, only in the case of other banks' favourable reputation. Finally, positive attitudes towards switching may affect bank clients to switch in cases of service failure, unfavourable bank reputation, alternative attractiveness and inconvenience.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, no other previous research work has examined the interaction between the antecedents of switching behaviour (as specified by TPB) and switching propensity at different CSIs. The study addresses the gap of explaining the reasons for which, at similar incidents, some bank customers choose to switch to other banks, whereas others do not.

Norms of Inquiry

AbstractThis article provides an overview of recent work on norms of inquiry. After some preliminaries about inquiry in §1, I discuss in §2 the ignorance norm for inquiry, presenting arguments for and against, as well as some alternatives. In §3, I consider its relation to the aim of inquiry. In §4, I discuss positive norms on inquiry: norms that require having rather than lacking certain states. Finally, in §5, I look at questions about the place of norms of inquiry within normative epistemology.

Application of Notarial Deed in E-Commerce Transaction

The development of times and technology in the digitalization era is currently happening so rapidly, especially developments in the digital world. The development of technology has a significant impact on various aspects of human life. One of the aspects affected is in the legal field, especially in the field of Cyber notary. One of the options for service facilities related to information development is electronic transactions. Along with technological advances, there are still those who do not know and fully understand the notary profession in conducting electronic transactions. The need to adjust to the dynamics of society regarding the application of electronic notaries (e-Notary) in conducting electronic transactions (e-Commerce). Starting from this, the question arises: How does a notary implement an electronic agreement?. This research was conducted using normative legal research methods that are descriptive analytical in nature. The research data sources collected and used are reviewing and analyzing secondary data by understanding the law as a device or positive norms in the legislative system that regulates the norms of human life. Data collection techniques with steps to research, review and systematically process existing library materials based on law as norms or regulations in the legislative system that regulate human behavior and life. as well as related documents. The data analysis technique used is library research which is presented descriptively. Based on this research, the role of Notary in implementing the agreement is actually carried out in line with the authority given. Notary authority is the power granted by law to Notaries to make authentic deeds and other powers in accordance with Article 15 of the Notary Office Law, which concerns two things, namely certification (Certification Authority) and authentication (Registration Authority) in electronic transactions. The regulation can be reviewed from the ITE Law (Electronic Transaction Information Law) as a legal standing for the application of e-Notary in conducting electronic transactions.

Complete Systematic Land Registration

Land registration is a series of activities carried out by the Government continuously, sustainably and regularly, including collecting, processing, bookkeeping, and presenting and maintaining physical data and juridical data. In land registration, it can happen that the object of land registration is encumbered by other rights such as: ownership rights, business use rights, building use rights, use rights, ownership rights over apartment units are used as collateral for debts and are encumbered with mortgage rights. The research method used is through a normative juridical approach, namely by inventorying, reviewing and analyzing and understanding the law as a set of positive norms in the legal system that regulates land registration issues in Indonesia. The results of this research explain that, based on the research results above, it can be concluded that, complete systematic land registration was carried out in the Majalengka Regency area. In 2019 Majalengka Regency distributed 26 thousand complete systematic land registration certificates spread across 2 sub-districts, namely Sindang Sub-district and Lemahsugih Sub-district. Then in 2020 Majalengka Regency again received a quota of 40 thousand complete systematic land registration certificates spread across several sub-districts. Problems of complete systematic land registration in Majalengka Regency, differentiated by time. Legal protection for complete systematic land registration in Majalengka Regency has been carried out well. In particular, regarding the rights of Majalengka residents to use the surface of the earth, along with the body of the earth, and the water and air space above it only as needed for purposes directly related to the use of the land in question.

PERWUDUJAN UPAYA PENEGAKAN HUKUM UNGGUL MENJADI IUS CONSTITUENDUM: BERKARAKTER BELA NEGARA DAN RELIGIUSITAS

Law Enforcement is a small part of legal development that continues to be pursued. This research uses qualitative data analysis method. The results of the study are then directed at the form of efforts to contribute to superior law enforcement towards ius constituendum and religiosity. The contribution of legal education is able to produce professional and virtuous jurists so as to realize superior Human Resources in the field of law to answer what has become a problem formulation in this study. This research uses a juridical-normative approach. Therefore, it emphasizes the study of library materials and the disclosure of the meaning of a positive legal norm. The data source used is secondary data, conducted through library research. In Islam, there are many statements about the rights and obligations of a Muslim in defending the homeland. On this basis, every Muslim defends the sovereign rights of his nation to achieve a country that is baldatun thoyyibatun wa robin ghofur. Continuous efforts to develop the legal system are needed so that the law can play its role and function as a guide to behavior in living together

Corporal Punishment in Educational Context: Criminal Law Regulatory Framework


 Teachers may impose sanctions or Corporal Punishment on students for educational purposes. In several cases, the Corporal Punishment action taken by the teacher resulted in the imposition of criminal sanctions on the teacher. This paper describes the perspective of criminal law settlement in Corporal Punishment cases. This paper uses the normative juridical research method, which examines the application of positive legal norms. Hence, this paper interprets the corresponding law in the means of textually. Furthermore, researchers use a conceptual framework to illustrate a teacher’s professional duties and Corporal Punishment. Finally, this research uses qualitative descriptive analysis supported by a case approach. This research found that applying life skill-based and contextual learning methods may prevent the aftermath of teachers’ Corporal Punishment. Teachers, carrying out their professional duties, may avoid criminal charges for Corporal Punishment if these actions do not exceed reasonable limits, which result in student losses, both physically and psychologically. The functionalization of criminal law may be prevented using ultimum remedium in resolving Corporal Punishment cases. This may occur in settlement through restorative justice, which involves various parties in the educational process. Alternatively, criminal law settlement may be used in Corporal Punishment cases. Judges may apply the concept of individualized punishment in imposing sanctions on teachers who are proven guilty of Corporal Punishment. Finally, this paper recommends a psychological intervention to assess educators’ mental capacity. This may take form through periodic assessments to determine the competence of teachers as educators.

Planning home energy retrofit in a social environment: The role of perceived descriptive and injunctive social norms

In the built environment, improving the energy efficiency of existing building stock through retrofitting is the top pillar to mitigate climate change. Despite the efforts made by local authorities to provide technical and financial supports, the home energy retrofit rate remains low. This study aims to improve the understanding of how homeowners make their energy retrofit plans in a social environment, thereby informing behavioural policy (re)design. Using a sample of inexperienced retrofitters among Dutch homeowners (N = 556), we investigate the relationship between perceived social norms and energy retrofit plans. The results show that homeowners who perceive a positive injunctive norm have an 11.8 percentage point higher probability of making a home energy retrofit plan compared to those with a non-positive perception. Perceived injunctive norms are also significantly associated with the number of planned retrofit measures and aligned with multiple direct barriers and motivations for retrofitting. However, perceived descriptive norms are only associated with the number of planned retrofit measures, and are even correlated with stronger perceived barriers. We conclude by discussing different social influence pathways of descriptive and injunctive norms, as well as the potential of leveraging social norms as a behavioural policy intervention to promote home energy retrofit.

Psychological Safety for Mental Health in Elite Sport: A Theoretically Informed Model

Elite sports contexts are highly pressurised and frequently enforce a win-at-all-costs approach. This narrow focus on performance outcomes can potentially contribute in negative ways to the mental health of those within these environments. In this Current Opinion paper, we propose a model that outlines how key elements contributing to psychologically safe or unsafe environments may contribute to better or worse mental health outcomes, respectively. In an environment in which individuals feel safe to show their authentic selves rather than ‘wear a mask’, different experiences of mental health are likely to be normalised, help-seeking behaviour increased, and thus, mental health outcomes enhanced. We outline how sports teams and organisations can contribute to this through the creation of appropriate policies and procedures, in addition to leaders modelling and reinforcing positive cultural norms. It is intended that the theoretical model can inform stakeholders in elite sport as well as future research directions.

Addressing Barriers to Action: Increasing Cat Guardians’ Compliance with Professional Environmental Enrichment Advice

ABSTRACT Guardians of domestic cats may seek advice from a veterinarian or professional cat behavior advisor to address problematic cat behaviors. This advice typically involves a degree of environmental enrichment, which guardians sometimes experience as an encroachment on their personal lives and living environment. This may explain why compliance with enrichment advice is often poor and problem behaviors persist. The aim of this study was to investigate how advice compliance can be increased by addressing guardians’ barriers to action. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior as a theoretical foundation, we differentiated between motivational- and capacity-related perceived behavioral control (PBC) to better understand the root of guardians’ implementation resistance. We argue that motivational PBC is a more malleable construct than capacity PBC and tested the hypothesis that motivational PBC can increase when guardians experience social pressure when other guardians hold positive beliefs about environmental enrichment (subjective norm). We conducted a survey of 221 cat guardians who were asked to imagine they had sought and received enrichment advice to address their cat’s behavioral problems. The positive or negative beliefs and actions of other cat guardians with respect to environmental enrichment were varied experimentally as a means of influencing the subjective norm. Results confirmed the prediction that exposure to others’ positive enrichment beliefs (versus negative enrichment beliefs) results in a more positive subjective norm with respect to enrichment, which subsequently increases motivational PBC and compliance intention. Although compliance intention was also predicted by capacity PBC, capacity PBC was not influenced by subjective norm, as expected. This study is the first to differentiate between motivational- and capacity-related PBC as barriers to action, which proved fruitful. Understanding the nature of clients’ implementation resistance helps practitioners select the most appropriate technique to address barriers to action. We offer several practical recommendations to this end.