Positive International Experience Research Articles

ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ПАРКІВ В СВІТІ ТА МОЖЛИВОСТІ ІМПЛЕМЕНТАЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ В ВОЄННИЙ ТА ПОВОЄННИЙ ПЕРІОД

Introduction. The development of innovative activity should be considered one of the strategic directions of the economic development of Ukraine in the war and post-war period. It ensures the transition of the country's economy to a higher technological level, and accordingly contributes to the increase of the country's competitiveness. The country's competitiveness depends on the level of development of technology parks, which can specialize in the development of one industry (specialized technology parks) or many industries (general technology parks), as well as develop several areas of specialization (semi-specialized technology parks). Their industry structure is represented by such directions as conducting research in the field of technologies; provision of information services; development of high-tech industry, trade in high-tech goods, technologies in the field of space and ocean exploration; production of new materials; training of highly qualified scientific personnel. When evaluating the activity of technology parks, we came to the conclusion that they should meet such parameters as territorial location, location depending on the size of the city, location in relation to the university, the total area occupied by the technology park, green areas, built-up area (the total area of all premises located in the technology park), the number of companies located in the technology park, the number of jobs created, basic and auxiliary services, areas of activity, ownership structure, etc. Materials and methods. The information base of the study was made up of statistical materials, regulatory and legal acts, national programs for the development of technology parks. Positive international experience in the development of technological parks can be used in Ukraine in the war and post-war periods for the purpose of economic recovery of the country. Results and discussion. As a result of the conducted research on the functioning of technological parks in the world, it was found that the main factors of their functioning (physical-geographical location, economic-geographical location) exist in the countries. Unlike the countries of the world, there are factors in Ukraine that restrain the development of technological parks, in particular, the presence of military actions in connection with Russia's attack on Ukraine. In this regard, proposals have been developed to improve the regulatory and legal framework in terms of the functioning of technology parks; development of network cooperation; attraction of funds from international financial organizations on program principles, etc. Conclusions. On the basis of the study of the peculiarities of the functioning of technological parks, proposals for their activation in Ukraine in the war and post-war periods have been developed. A significant development is the development of proposals in the direction of introducing the mechanism of public-private partnership in technological parks in Ukraine, taking into account the peculiarities of the experience of the countries of the world.

ВЗАЄМОДІЯ СУБ'ЄКТІВ У СИСТЕМІ ДЕМОКРАТИЧНОГО ЦИВІЛЬНОГО КОНТРОЛЮ НАД СИЛАМИ ОБОРОНИ : ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ

A scientific and legal study of the peculiarities of the legal regulation of the interaction of subjects in the system of democratic civilian control over the defense forces, as well as the current legislation and subordinate regulatory legal acts in the relevant field, was carried out. The concept of democratic civil control in the national legislation of Ukraine is studied. It was established that the presence of effective mechanisms of democratic civilian control is a guarantee of guaranteeing the constitutional foundations of a democratic, legal state in the field of national security and civilmilitary relations. Attention is focused on the fact that in the context of the general provisions of democratic civil control, without coordination and interaction it is not possible to ensure the mission of this activity. The category "interaction" was studied. Three main approaches to understanding the concept of interaction in legal science are distinguished, in particular: 1) functional; 2) communicative; 3) operational. Subjects in the system of democratic civilian control over the defense forces are singled out, which include: 1) President of Ukraine; 2) Supreme Rada of Ukraine; 3) National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine; 4) Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine; 5) bodies of executive power; 6) local self-government bodies; 7) courts; 8) public institutions. The issue of the meaning of control functions is highlighted. The control activity of the President of Ukraine and the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine is disclosed. The place of parliamentary control as a component of the mechanism of democratic civilian control over the defense forces is emphasized. The essence of the concept of public supervision as a type of civil control is revealed. Attention is focused on the need to ensure the interaction of subjects in the system of democratic civilian control over the defense forces. Emphasis is placed on the positive international experience of introducing the mechanism of democratic civil control.

FEATURES OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT ON INNOVATIVE BASIS

Introduction. In the war and post-war periods for Ukraine, the issue of socio-economic development on an innovative basis receives special attention. One of such important and promising directions in Ukraine today as an equal and competitive partnership in the system of international trade and economic relations can be the development of the aviation sector, in particular in the direction of airport operations. The foundation of the expanded reproduction of the potential of the airport and its infrastructural component in the wartime and postwar period is the timely implementation of advanced innovative technologies based on efficiency and systematicity. In the implementation of a successful innovative model of airport development, as evidenced by international experience, a decisive role is played by the system of state regulation, which operates with effective coordination-integration, administrative-fiscal financial-investment levers and tools of strategic, regulatory, legal and resource support of state economic policy. On the other hand, in Ukraine, as a result of the attack of the Russian Federation in the field of airport development on an innovative basis in the aviation field, the trends of critical deterioration of the technical and economic parameters of the functioning of the airport infrastructure are increasing. Under such circumstances, the state priority should be the solution of the extremely difficult task, which consists in ending the war, liberating the territories of Ukraine from the aggressor of the Russian Federation, restoring the socio-economic development of the regions of the country, restoring the activities of airports on the basis of innovative transformations, which require the development and implementation of adequate requirements and imperatives of public , scientific and technical progress of the integral concept of modernization of the state regulation of innovative development of the airport infrastructure. Materials and methods. Informational and statistical materials, normative legal acts, and national airport development programs made up the information base of the research. The positive international experience of airport development can be used in Ukraine in the war and post-war periods for the purpose of economic recovery of the country. Results and discussion. As a result of the research of international experience regarding the functioning of airports on an innovative basis, it was found that there are the main factors of their functioning in the countries. Unlike the countries of the world, there are factors in Ukraine that restrain their development, in particular, the presence of military actions in connection with Russia's attack on Ukraine. In this regard, the international experience of the operation of airports in the war and post-war periods was analyzed. Peculiarities of institutional support for the functioning of airports, development of cooperation, etc. are considered. Conclusions. Based on the study of the peculiarities of the functioning of airports, proposals have been developed for their activation in Ukraine during the war and post-war periods. A significant development is the development of proposals in the direction of the introduction of concession agreements in Ukraine, taking into account the peculiarities of the experience of the countries of the world.

НАУЧНАЯ ДИПЛОМАТИЯ. НАУКА И ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ КАК ВАЖНЕЙШИЕ ЦЕННОСТИ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the science diplomacy role as a value guide in the arena of international relations. The relevance of research is due to the fact that at present science and education are becoming the main sources, resources and, accordingly, opportunities for social development. In addition to the growing trend of learning, the educational and scientific space in geographical, social and political plans is expanding. At the moment, there is no country in which the education system is absent, because the processes of informatization influenced the dissemination and increasing intensity in popularization of knowledge. The issue of the study is the ambiguity in understanding the phenomenon of science iplomacy and the role of academic mobility in it. Academic mobility is traditionally perceived as an opportunity to gain new knowledge, experience, professional skills, but it can convey national interests, present the level and quality of national science, demonstrate the capabilities and potential of researchers. The methodological basis of the study was an interdisciplinary approach, consisting in the study of various possibilities and limitations affecting the development of science diplomacy of academic mobility Economic, political and social factors influence the formation of a single global concept of science diplomacy, relying on modern trends. The empirical basis of the study is based on the analysis of such sources as regulatory acts and documents at the national and international levels, current scientific articles and analytical materials presented on Internet resources, documents of official websites of international organizations and state bodies of the Russian Federation. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the generalization and systematization of the positive international experience in the development of science diplomacy and academic mobility on the basis of the adopted methodology. The practical significance of the article is that the results of the study can be used in the educational process by graduate students, teaching staff of the higher education organizations. Also, the work can be used in further studies, including from the position of confirming or refuting the conclusions made by the author.

Methodological Map as a New Element of the Diagnostic System of Personnel Training for Modern Economy

The article is devoted to the analysis of the possibilities and the description of the methodological map, which is the Russian analogue of the “individual cell” of the student and has proven itself well in the United States. The methodological map reflects the static profile of the trainee’s abilities and, when periodically filled in, represents a dynamically developing trajectory of a professional orientation, regardless of the profile.At present, the general need of the economy for high-quality specialists based on the selection of students capable of mastering complex, high-tech technologies that have a clear potential for professional growth and personal development. At the same time, we can state the absence of a developed relationship between the education system and the vocational guidance system, which strategically can lead to problems in providing the most technologically advanced segments of the economy with professional staff. At the same time, thereis a positive international experience in solving this problem, the elements of which can be adapted to the existing Russian system.The article presents the content and describes the capabilities of the methodological map developed by the staff of the M.V. Lomonosov, and is an analogue of the “individual cell” developed in the United States. The methodological map is information about the level of several types of competence of any student. To work with such a card, the teacher needs to expand his competence and become an expert testologist with a sufficient level of test competence. An obvious advantage of the methodological map is the ease of its digital processing, the accumulation of information about the student in centralized databases. The methodological map, after appropriate modernization, can be the basic option for training highly qualified specialists who have chosen the path of a scientist. The development of such a diagnostic system has significant positive features, the most obvious of which is the ability to ensure the connection between the content of education and the personnel needs of society and the state, and, as a result, to ensure their sustainable socio-economic development.

Безпека праці при виконанні робіт із пестицидами: стан правового забезпечення

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of legal protection of labor protection when performing work with pesticides, as well as the formulation on its basis of conclusions and proposals aimed at improving the current legislation in this area. It is established that the process of updating labor legislation is currently underway in Ukraine. In particular, through the adoption of regulations governing the rules of labor protection when working with certain types of chemicals (for example, ammonium nitrate). As a result of the study of current legislation in the field of labor protection when working with pesticides, it was concluded that the basic documents (State Sanitary Rules 8.8.1.2.001-98 «Transportation, storage and use of pesticides in the national economy» and State Sanitary Rules and Norms 8.8.1.2.3.4-000-2001 «Permissible doses, concentrations, quantities and levels of pesticides in agricultural raw materials, foodstuffs, air of the working area, atmospheric air, water of reservoirs, soil») are not able to regulate properly appropriate relations due to the obsolescence of their provisions. The main shortcomings of State Sanitary Rules 8.8.1.2.001-98 are determined: references in its content to already invalid regulations on labor protection, inconsistency with modern developments in the field of hygiene and toxicology of pesticides; unreasonably detailed regulation, which results in an excessive burden on business entities and leads to formalism in the implementation of the provisions of this document by employers; incorrect «rigid» regulation of the choice of personal protective equipment for work with pesticides. The directions of improvement of the legislation in the field of labor protection at performance of works with pesticides are defined. Among them: introduction of a risk-oriented approach to the organization of labor protection, including in the field of agriculture; borrowing positive international experience in the field of awareness of stakeholders on the hygienic regulation of pesticide use, the necessary safety measures for work with the use of such substances. Keywords: occupational safety, dangerous production factor, labor protection regulations, labor protection, pesticides, legal support, agriculture

Occupational safety when working with pesticides: The state of legal security

The article is devoted to the analysis of current state of the legal security of labor protection when working with pesticides, as well as the formulation of conclusions and proposals based on it, aimed at improving the current legislation in this area. It has been established that currently in Ukraine, there is a process of updating legislation in the area under study. In particular, through the adoption of regulatory acts governing the rules of labor protection when working with certain types of chemicals (for example, ammonium nitrate). As a result of a study of the current legislation in the field of labor protection when working with pesticides, it has been concluded that the basic documents (SSR 8.8.1.2.001-98 “Transportation, storage and use of pesticides in the national economy” and DSanPiN 8.8.1.2.3.4-000- 2001 “Permissible doses, concentrations, quantities and levels of pesticides in agricultural raw materials, food products, air of the working area, atmospheric air, water of water ponds, soil”) are not able to properly regulate the relevant relationships due to their outdated provisions. The main shortcomings of SSR 8.8.1.2.001-98 are identified: reference in its content to already inactive regulations on labor protection, non-compliance with modern developments in the field of hygiene and toxicology of pesticides; unreasonably detailed regulation, which entails an excessive burden on business entities and leads to formalism in the implementation of provisions of this document by employers; incorrectly “rigid” regulation of the choice of means of personal protection for work with pesticides. It has been determined the directions of improvement of legislation in the field of labor protection when working with pesticides. Among them: the introduction of a risk-based approach to the organization of labor protection, including in the field of agriculture; borrowing positive international experience in the field of awareness of interested parties about the hygienic regulation of the use of pesticides, the necessary safety measures for working with the use of such substances.

International experience in preventing intentional homicide by criminal police units

The objective of the article is to analyze the international experience of the operational and investigative prevention of intentional homicides by criminal police units, as well as the legislation that provides for the development of an effective system for the prevention of intentional homicides in Ukraine. The subject of the investigation is the foreign experience of operational prevention and the search for intentional homicides by criminal police units. The research methodology includes general and specific methods of legal science: dialectic, scientific abstraction, methods of systems analysis, formal and dogmatic, systemic, and structural, historical, and comparative, logical. Various intentional homicide prevention programs are considered, which are currently operating in different countries of the world. It analyzes the positive international experience of operational and investigative prevention of intentional homicides, which can become the basis for the development of the relevant legislation of Ukraine in this area. It is concluded that the conduct of a comparative analysis of the prevention of intentional homicides and various countries is the basis for the development of the most promising areas to improve domestic legislation in this area.

Legal regulation of practices of the police as an entity in charge of preventing and combating corruption in Ukraine

This article deals with the legal regulation of the practices of the police as an entity responsible for preventing and combating corruption. The study shows that corruption is becoming increasingly widespread, creating major obstacles to the comprehensive development of the economy and national security of any state. The objectives of this study were to clarify the problematic aspects of the legal regulation of police practices as an entity responsible for preventing corruption, to identify positive international experience in this area and to clarify its implementability in Ukraine. The corruption perceptions index regression analysis method was applied in 12 different countries around the world for 2018 and 2019. On the basis of the analysis, the authors propose to amend Ukrainian legislation with regard to the definition of the legal status of police practices as an entity responsible for preventing and combating corruption at the level of Ukrainian legislation, detailing the powers of the National Police as a specially authorized entity in the field of preventing and combating corruption in the Ukrainian Law "On the National Police".

State of the modern system of biosecurity and biosecurity of Ukraine and proposals for its improvement

The article offers the author’s vision for the creation of a system of biological safety and biological protection of the state in Ukraine, which will consist of the following elements, namely: the Biosafety Management and Bioprotection Management Authority of Ukraine; Law of Ukraine on Biosafety and Biological Protection of the State; Strategy for ensuring biological safety and biological protection on the principle of «single health» for the period up to 2025 with the approved action plan for its implementation; Interdepartmental Commission on Biosafety Management and Biological Protection and Management of Hazardous Biological Agents, Products of Their Life and Processing; National Bank of Genetic Resources of Ukraine; Subjects of ensuring biological safety and biological protection of the state; Advisory body on a voluntary basis ‒ the Commission on Biosafety and Biosecurity under the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine. It is concluded that Ukraine does not currently have an effective system of biological safety and biological protection to counter biological threats to the national security of Ukraine. It is proposed to use the positive international experience in the formation of a comprehensive program of biological safety and biological protection (for example, Germany, Denmark, Canada) in Ukraine in developing an appropriate domestic program that will help combat threats to national security of Ukraine. Key words: system, elements, commission, biological threats, biological risks, biological safety, biological protection, legal support.

THEORY AND PRACTICE OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION TO PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF ENTREPRENEURS

The article provides a theoretical and legal analysis of the genesis, regulatory basis of the International Commercial Arbitration at the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Ukraine in the direction of settling commercial disputes between businesses from different countries. Based on international agreements, which are part of the national legislation of Ukraine, the theoretical and legal author's investigation of the essence and significance of interstate instruments in the field of pre-trial settlement of trade disputes. Using the norms of current international trade law, as well as in view of numerous scientific studies in this field, the author presents different conclusions that may form the basis for improving existing regulations of Ukraine, especially the Laws of Ukraine "On Foreign Economic Activity" and "International Commercial arbitration". Due to a thorough economic and legal analysis of key concepts, such as "arbitration", "arbitration agreement", "international arbitration", "commercial arbitration", etc., the author's approach to the application of current legislation in the field of legal protection of rights and legally protected interests management. Particular attention is paid to those international legal instruments for settling economic disputes that best meet the interests of the domestic economy. The essence of autonomous, mixed contractual and procedural scientific theories on the legal essence of international commercial arbitration is analyzed, and their imperative filling with those legitimate instruments of coercion which are applied to violators of international commercial law and other normative legal acts which regulate legal relations is investigated. Particular attention is paid to the coverage of scientific and practical framing of issues related to the implementation of positive international and European experience in the legislation of Ukraine, primarily on the pre-trial settlement of commercial disputes.

The role of the world health organization in solving international public health problems: history, modernity and development prospects

Epidemics of smallpox, cholera, plague and other infectious diseases in the world in the past were accompanied by the deaths of millions of people and often threatened humanity with destruction as a biological species. Therefore, society was forced to join forces to create an organization that would provide health protection on a global scale. On April 7, 1948, 26 UN member states created the World Health Organization, the main goal of which was to help provide the protection of health of the population of all countries of the world. Purpose of the study - analysis of the historical data of the process of creating the World Health Organization, achievements for all the years of its existence, financing in last years and formation of the opinions of authors on the role of this organization in solving health problems of all humanity. Results. The article presents data on stages of the formation of the World Health Organization. Information about positive results for more than 70 years in solving reproductive health problems, maternal and child mortality, eradicating many infectious diseases in different parts of the world and other problems is detailed. Joint resolutions of the World Health Organization with the United Nations were adopted about general and complete disarmament, protection of humanity from atomic radiation, ban on the use of chemical and bacteriological weapons, defining of the role of doctors and other health workers in the preservation and strengthening of the world. Information on the World Health Organization funding is provided. The prospects for the development of the organization are described. Conclusions. The World Health Organization actively continues its work – maintains contact with international experts, governments and partners for quick collection of scientific data on a new virus, tracks its distribution and assesses its virulence, provides to countries and population recommendations on health protection measures and preventing the spread of infection. The global climatic crisis and the coronavirus infection pandemic showed that the role of the World Health Organization should increase to prevent cataclysms in some countries and globally. It is the World Health Organization that has a huge positive international experience in fighting various public health problems and it remains the only effective organization that consolidates the efforts of most countries of the world to overcome the problems of all humanity.

GREEN ECONOMY AS A TREND FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABLE CITY DEVELOPMENT: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

The article discusses environmental problems in the context of the Concept of Sustainable Development. It was considered discussions on the conceptualization of the “green economy” presented in the United Nations Environment Program. The author of the article, relying on the green economy strategy, believes that one of the key tasks of ecology is the development of a green urban infrastructure. The article substantiates the position that the greening of landscapes in urban space is one of the factors of sustainable environmental development. According to the author, in order to achieve the goal of sustainable development and growth, it is necessary to use positive international experience in national strategies for a green economy.

Evaluation of the efficiency of providing social and service services by the police of the countries of Western Europe and Ukraine

The authors have identified means and methods of assessing the effectiveness of the provision of social and service services by the police and the state of their legislative consolidation. The efficiency and expediency of their application are clarified in view of the positive international experience in the imple-mentation of control functions of civil society over the activities of the police. Taking into account the international experience of assessing the quality of police services, effective criteria for a comprehensive assessment of service activities of the National Police have been proposed, which are divided into four blocks.

Theoretical foundations of the improvement of public service in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The article discusses the theoretical foundations of an effective organization of public service, which is a system of modern knowledge about the formation and development of
 public service as a social phenomenon, its types, mission, principles, functions and models. A
 number of ideas that are appropriate to use in the process of reforming and further improving
 the country's public service are analyzed. An extended concept of public service is proposed
 as a system of social institutions: legal, social, organizational, political, economic and moral.
 Improvement of professional managerial activities is aimed at ensuring that public servants
 combine knowledge, skills and abilities in a specific professional area (economist, lawyer,
 engineer, etc.) with knowledge, skills and abilities of public administration. It is noted that further development of the theoretical foundations of public service requires using the achievements of all management-related sciences and their theoretical conceptualization. The basis
 of practical recommendations for improving public service in the Republic of Kazakhstan is an
 analysis of positive international experience concerning transition from traditional forms of
 public administration to “the new public administration” involving the delegation of some of its
 functions to market structures and a focus on key strategic issues. The development of a service approach to the provision of public services, an increase in efficiency, flexibility, and transparency of public administration and a closer connection with citizens who use public
 services are recommended. Practical implementation of “the new public administration” in our
 country is proposed to be implemented through the introduction of such models as “marketbased”, “participating”, “flexible” and “deregulated”. One of the fundamental principles for the
 development of Kazakhstan's public service should be meritocracy.

Partnership Biarritz: national context and international recognition

This article highlights the issues of equal women’s access to professions. The purpose of the study is to analyse Biarritz Partnership platform as an international gender equality initiative. Biarritz Partnership gives an opportunity to learn about positive international experience that can be a subject for imitation and use in national systems, including in Ukraine. At present, Ukraine has chosen a course to consolidate gender equality legislation, in particular, equal opportunities for women in profession. The confirmation of this is the initiation of Ukraine's accession to Biarritz Partnership. In the course of the study, it was analysed recommendations, mainly for the countries G7 regarding implementation of the progressive laws to ensure gender equality. Specifically, it was analysed such areas of combating discrimination against women, as: ending gender-based violence, ensuring inclusive, equitable, and quality education and health, promote the economic empowerment of women, and ensuring full gender equality in policies and in public life. The article focuses on the gender equality platform, which provides to countries the strategic opportunity to take a significant step toward equality through the adoption of laws and their implementation. In particular, the article analyses the Recommendation of the Gender Equality Advisory Council for advancing gender equality and the empowerment of girls and women and Call to Action. Recommendation of the Gender Equality Advisory Council contains illustrations of the laws of certain country, adoption of whose show positive developments in the area of women's rights. The platform of gender equality is created for discussion that allows leaders of G7 members and other countries to focus on gender equality, and in particular, on women's access to the profession. Biarritz Partnership draws countries' attention to urgent issues and encourages countries to dialogue to close gaps in gender legislation. The article focuses on the importance of studying, discussing and researching the international experience of countries where there is a positive practice of implementation legislation concerning women's access to the profession. This is the key to a quality settlement of the issue of protection of women's rights in Ukraine. The practical significance of this article is to explore the issue of women's free choice of profession. Such knowledge will help to remove barriers to women's access to economic opportunities. Scientific developments in this field can be used to ensure gender equality, to amend in the existing legislative of Ukraine in order to protect human rights to women's free choice of profession and place of work. Keywords: Biarritz partnership, gender equality, women's access to the profession, free choice of professions, protection of human rights

Деякі аспекти використання міжнародного досвіду під час розслідування насильницьких злочинів щодо дітей

В Україні відбуваються складні соціально-еко-номічні перетворення, які безпосередньо впливають на збільшення випадків потрапляння дитини у складні життєві обставини, вчинення жорстокого поводження щодо дитини, втягування дітей у кримінальні угрупо-вання, залучення до жебрацтва та скоєння відносно дітей насильницьких злочинів, як ніколи діти потребу-ють захисту та допомоги держави.В державі реалізуються підходи, визначені між-народним і вітчизняним законодавством стосовно за-хисту прав дітей, держава захищає інтереси дитини, удосконалює механізми контролю за дотриманням чинного законодавства в сфері охорони дитинства, роз-виває та вдосконалює інституції соціально-правового захисту дітей. Однак цього замало, існує безліч прога-лин у законодавстві, які потребують вирішення най-ближчим часом.Інтерпол наголошує: «Злочини проти малолітніх останнім часом починають набувати міжнародного ха-рактеру. Винні особи можуть переїжджати з держави в державу, зокрема у країни, які розвиваються, зва-жаючи на меншу суворість покарання». Сучасне пра-вове дослідженн умовах глобалізації та євроінтеграції не може не враховувати порівняльно-правового аспек-ту. Становлення і розвиток юридичної компаративіс-тики є важливим фактором удосконалення правозасто-совної діяльності органів державної влади, в тому числі і у сфері діяльності правоохоронних органів, зокрема протидії насильницьким злочинам проти дітей.Для більш ефективного розслідування насильниць-ких злочинів щодо дітей і використання позитивно-го міжнародного досвіду потрібно узагальнити деякі сучасні тенденції і стратегії протидії насильницькій злочинності щодо малолітніх, розглянути типові про-блеми у запобіганні злочинності, з якими стикаються в різних державах. Запозичення досвіду розвинутих країн, насамперед держав Європи, має певні проблемні аспекти, пов’язані з різним законодавчим регулюван-ням відповідних суспільних відносин.

International Experience in Assessing Economic Security: Basic Approaches and Opportunities for Ukraine

It has been stated that the implementation of state policy in the field of economic security of the country requires systematic monitoring and adjustment, taking into account the rapid changes in the global world and economic space. This monitoring of the state of economic security of the country should be carried out by obtaining and studying certain factual data that allows to make a conclusion about the effectiveness of joint efforts of the authorized state agencies in the direction of national economic security.
 The necessity of further study of the effectiveness of the activities of state agencies of foreign countries in the implementation of economic security policy, which would strongly influence the development of the national system for assessing such effectiveness.
 The author has considered scientific approaches to the definition of the term “economic security” in foreign scientific sources depending on the object of study (country, region, person), as well as indicators of its evaluation.
 International experience of assessing the economic condition and economic security of foreign countries has been analyzed, which is used both at the level of government and for compiling international ratings of the World Bank and the Bank for Reconstruction and Development. The World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development carry out several comprehensive studies of the economic development of the world countries, covering both the assessment of the current state of its main industries and possible security threats arising from the current global tendencies in public life. It is interesting fact in the researched methods that along to purely economic data, experts study related areas, in particular the level of corruption, crime, efficiency of government agencies, the quality of the regulatory base and the level of state intervention in economic processes and business structures. It is also important in these studies that qualitative indicators are used along with quantitative ones, which consist of studying the opinions of the business environment, entrepreneurs and other business entities.
 The main directions of the implementation of positive international experience in assessing the level of economic security to national practice have been suggested. It has been concluded that the national method of calculating the level of economic security of Ukraine needs to be improved by introducing into its system the indicators of state agencies’ work in the relevant area, defining criteria and indicators for combating economic crime and corruption, improving the mechanism of collecting primary data by adding sociological research, expert assessments and research of foreign financial institutions.

International Experience of Legal Regulation of Social Vacations

The author of the article has studied international and legal acts that envisage the norms that provide social vacations for employees. The author has analyzed experience of legal regulation of social vacations in the USA, the countries of the European Union, the countries of the former Soviet Union, etc.
 It has been noted that the current period of development of the state and society makes new demands on the socialization of labor legislation, especially for employees with family responsibilities, taking into account the positive international experience. It is very important aspect of the welfare state, society must provide such persons with certain social protection and assistance, as well as labor benefits in connection with the responsibilities of raising children and other circumstances, because employees with family responsibilities have the possibility to combine their professional activities with family responsibilities without the damage for their own health, the interests of children and society. Social protection in a modern democratically organized society is the sphere of intersection of vital interests of citizens related to the realization of their socio-economic rights. It is the sphere of reflection of such universal values as equality, social justice, humanism and other moral principles of civilized society. Proper realization of the right to social protection helps to increase the individual status of a person and further the development of democratic principles of society.
 Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the positive international experience in the legal regulation of social vacations in the period of reforming the labor legislation of Ukraine. The author of the article has provided scientifically substantiated conclusions on the borrowing positive international experience of legal regulation of social vacations and implementing into national legislation.

Кримінальна відповідальність за підкуп виборця та учасника референдуму: міжнародний досвід

This purpose article is concerning on comparative study of criminal legal provisions on responsibility for bribery of a voter, a referendum participant in post-Soviet and European countries in order to identify advantages and disadvantages, to accumulate positive international experience and to establish prospects for its use in Ukrainian legislation. The place of criminal legal norm on bribery of a voter, a participant of the referendum in the system of Special part of criminal legislation of foreign countries as well as the existence of a relevant separate article in the legislation of countries which established responsibility for these crimes have been determined. Actions that constitute the objective side of bribery of a voter, a referendum participant in accordance with foreign legislation, main measures of criminal response to such crimes and conditions of exemption from criminal responsibility have been outlined. Methodology. To achieve this goal, general and special scientific methods have been used. The common dialectical method of scientific cognition was the methodological basis of the study and made possible to analyze various aspects of legislation on criminal responsibility for bribery of a voter, a referendum participant in their development, interconnection and interinfluence. Among The following specific scientific methods have been employed: historical and legal (to clarify some aspects of formation and development of criminalization of bribery of a voter, a referendum participant); system-structural (to establish the place of the norm in question in the structure of Special part of Criminal Code of foreign countries); comparative legal (for comparative analysis of criminal liability regulation for investigated crimes in the legislation of different countries). The scientific novelty of the obtained results is in improvement of theoretical understanding of international experience of criminal legal regulation of responsibility for bribery of a voter, a referendum participant, as well as in carrying out the comparative legal analysis of modern world models of such regulation in order to utilize positive international experience in the development of national legislation. Conclusions. A comparative legal analysis of the criminal legal norms of certain foreign countries, where responsibility for bribery of a voter, a participant of a referendum is established, has been carried out with regard to a number of criteria. As a result of the research, it was found that Ukrainian legislation is consistent with the vast majority of those in European countries that stipulated criminal responsibility for such crimes within a separate norm of the Criminal Code. In addition, such an analogy is also evident in the classification of this body of crime in the domestic legislation as crime against the constitutional (electoral, political) rights of citizens in the context of study of structure of Special Part of Criminal Code. At the same time, Ukrainian and European legislation discrepancies have been revealed namely concerning nature of the main measures of criminal legal response to crime in question. European practice mainly operates with penalties, which may to some extent be caused by the absence of a social need to choose more severe punishment. It was found reasonable, given the high latency of bribery of a voter, a referendum participant, to introduce the norm of exemption from criminal responsibility on special grounds in many European countries, in particular concerning voters and referendum participants who voluntarily revealed such acts to law enforcement agencies