Positive Interactions Research Articles

Social support for cancer patients and alcohol and tobacco use: an integrative review

Objective: to assess the knowledge about social support and mental health of people diagnosed with cancer, smokers, and alcohol users, and the implications of these behaviors for cancer treatment. Methods: integrative review using the following databases: CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science, without restriction of period and language. The data was analyzed descriptively. Results: 3,010 documents were identified, 14 studies were eligible. The different types of social support received by people with cancer and a history of alcohol and tobacco use stand out: emotional (n=5), informational (n=4), family and material (n=2 each), religious, sexual-affective partner, tangible, affective, positive social interaction, instrumental and social companionship (n=1 each). Conclusion: targeted social support that is sensitive to the particularities of the history of substance use can significantly improve the way people cope with the disease and treatment. Contributions to practice: providing integrated social support for this population is essential for thinking about quality of life throughout treatment and recovery.

Self-esteem and social interactions in daily life: An experience sampling study

Theory and empirical evidence suggest that self-esteem and the quality of social relationships are mutually related, however, little is known about the dynamic short-term association in daily life. Experience sampling data of 232 Dutch Master’s students ( M age = 24.6, SD age = 2.7) was collected across four waves; each consisting of 14 days of four daily assessments (23,107 data points). We applied Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling to study the within-day associations between momentary self-esteem (assessed in the morning and evening) and social interactions (anticipated and experienced). First, results showed that quality of social interactions during the day was associated with evening, but not morning self-esteem. Second, positive anticipation of social interactions was associated with morning, but not with evening self-esteem. Third, trait self-esteem did not moderate the within-day associations. Together, results suggest that when having higher self-esteem, people anticipate more positive social interactions at the same time, but they do not experience more positive social interactions later on. Having but not anticipating more positive social interactions seems to contribute to higher self-esteem later on. Differentiating between anticipated and experienced interactions and using multiple daily assessments helps obtain a more fine-grained understanding of the dynamic processes between self-esteem and social interactions.

Disruptions in Transportation and Medical Care Experienced by Handlers of Assistance Dogs in Australia

ABSTRACT Anecdotal reports and limited available empirical evidence indicate that assistance-dog handlers are often denied access to places they are legally entitled to take their assistance dog. However, the frequency and contexts of access denials in Australia have not been established, and the emotional impacts of these denials are not well described. Furthermore, qualitative findings suggest that impromptu interactions with other people and dogs within the community can have both positive and negative impacts on the handler and assistance dog; larger-scale, quantitative research is needed. The aim of this study was to characterize the frequency and contexts, and emotional impacts, of assistance-dog access denials among handlers in Australia, as well as handler interactions with people and dogs. Handlers (n = 77) throughout Australia completed an online survey. Commercial passenger vehicles (CPVs, e.g., Uber/taxi) were the most commonly reported context for access denials, reportedly occurring about half the time, followed by hotels, restaurants, and cafés. Bystander support was rare in any setting. Some participants reported avoiding CPVs (52%), restaurants (13%), and medical/dental centers (13%) owing to prior access denials. The emotional impacts of the denials were very negative (e.g., annoyed, excluded, anxious, hurt). Having a visible or invisible disability had no bearing on the frequency of access denials, nor did having a conventional (e.g., Labrador Retriever) versus unconventional (e.g., Pug) breed of assistance dog. Unexpected interactions with people and other dogs were common; participants reported having a positive social interaction as a good outcome, and the dog becoming temporarily distracted as a common negative outcome. Unfortunately, eight participants (10%) had to retire a dog as an outcome of a negative interaction. Some free-text responses indicated that the reporting process for access denials is onerous and ineffective. Future research should seek to understand whether this can be remedied.

Selection for agronomic traits in intermediate wheatgrass increases responsiveness to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Societal Impact StatementAgricultural practices have had a negative impact on the physical, chemical, and biological components of soil. Perennial cropping systems that facilitate positive soil microbial interactions could not only rebuild soils but also sustain productivity through expected variations in environmental conditions. Here, we show the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, soil symbionts that can improve host performance and soil health, increased the growth of intermediate wheatgrass, a novel perennial grain crop, in populations that have been increasingly bred for desirable agricultural characteristics. The right pairing of intermediate wheatgrass and a beneficial AM fungal community could lead to more sustainable agroecosystems.Summary Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) is a novel perennial grain that can provide many soil health benefits in agroecosystems; however, little is known about how selection for agronomic traits has impacted interactions with soil biota. Here, we assess how the selection for agronomic traits in IWG has impacted its relationship with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. First, growth response to AM fungi was compared across five generations of IWG with varying degrees of selection. Second, variation in AM fungal responsiveness was compared among genets of IWG individuals within a more advanced generation. Finally, a meta‐analysis was performed on all published studies exploring AM fungal inocula effects on IWG performance to increase understanding of selection effects. AM fungal responsiveness increased with selection for agronomic traits, responsiveness varied among genets in the advanced generation, and a majority of genets performed better in the presence of AM fungi. The meta‐analysis supported the findings that AM fungal responsiveness has increased with selection in IWG. Further studies are needed to realize the combined potential soil health and sustainability benefits of IWG and AM fungi, including assessment of symbiotic benefits beyond biomass production, identification of IWG traits correlated with responsiveness, and characterization of AM fungal community response to IWG.

Social Enrichment Improves Affective State and Foraging Behavior Compared to Physical Enrichment, While Maintaining Growth Performance in Broiler Chickens

Environmental enrichment is key for improving the broiler welfare in intensive production systems. This study lasted for 43 days and evaluated the effects of physical and social enrichment on broiler welfare. A total of 96 one-day-old male broilers were divided into two treatments: control treatment, provided with physical enrichment (n = 48) including perches, platforms, and straw bales; and social treatment (n = 48), involving regular positive interactions with a human. The behavioral repertoire, footpad health, taste preferences for sweet and umami compounds, affective states (through tonic immobility and attention bias tests), and growth performance were evaluated. No effects were found for feeding, drinking, locomotion, lying, or standing behaviors, although differences were observed at specific time points: the Social group had more feeding time on day 21 (p = 0.046), while physical treatment showed reductions on days 28 and 35 (p < 0.001). The Social group showed increased drinking on day 42 (p < 0.001), reduced locomotion (p = 0.022), and increased lying (p = 0.046) on day 42. Foraging was higher in the Social group (p = 0.027), but preening showed no differences. Footpad lesions showed no significant differences. The Control group preferred sucrose 100 mM (p = 0.022), but no preference for MSG 300 mM was observed. With regard to tonic immobility, the Control group showed a tendency towards larger durations (p = 0.078), indicating a potential increase in fearfulness. In the attention bias test, although the freezing behavior increased, the latency to begin feeding was shorter in the Social group (p < 0.001), suggesting an improved affective state. Lastly, no significant differences were observed for any of the growth parameters, including average daily feed intake, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, or final body weight, indicating that the Social group maintained productivity. This approach provides a practical solution for improving the quality of life for broilers in intensive systems.

Igniting the fire and seeing through the smoke: Enabling medical students to see themselves as future clinical academics

Purpose Lack of recruitment to clinical academic careers is of concern, and may be linked to lack of awareness and promotion of this pathway in undergraduate medical education. Our study explored undergraduate experiences which support academic career progression and potential barriers to pursuing Specialised Foundation roles in the United Kingdom. Methods We adopted a constructivist lens and conducted interviews with specialised foundation programme (SFP) doctors and final year students who had applied for SFP positions. We analysed interview transcripts using reflexive thematic analysis. Results We recognised four key stages which stimulated and supported students in pursuing a clinical academic career: (1) Lighting the inner spark; (2) Igniting the fire; (3) Feeding the fire; and (4) Seeing through the smoke. Although students showed a strong inner drive, meaningful undergraduate experiences and positive interactions with academics were crucial for sparking academic interests. Participants were more often inspired by their extra-curricular activities than core undergraduate education. Conclusions Early positive experiences are needed for students to overcome stereotypes and consider clinical academic careers. Medical schools should raise awareness of clinical academic careers early on, ensure all students have opportunities to participate in relevant activities with academic teams, and develop medical educators and researchers who can engage and inspire others.

A fully automated social interaction chamber for studying social threat learning in mice

Social interactions are fundamental for our survival as a predominately social species. We need and seek positive social interactions to navigate the world. However, when social interactions are negative, and occur in the presence of an aversive event, learning occurs to associate such social interactions as threatening. Gaining insight into the neural circuits that drive social threat learning is crucial for understanding social interactions. Animal models can be leveraged to employ technologies that allow us to track neuronal processes with very high resolution to obtain a better understanding of the neural circuits involved. To accomplish this, we need robust behavioral models that are replicable and high throughput. Here, we present an open-source social interaction chamber that detects social interaction and automatically pairs it with foot shock. The social interaction chamber is designed to easily integrate into modular chambers commonly used for auditory and context threat learning. It contains an array of optical gates that precisely track mouse-to-mouse interactions in real time with digital triggers that can communicate with external devices to deliver a foot shock. We find that pairing social interactions with electric foot shock using our fully automated social interaction chamber is optimal for social threat associations. We further demonstrate that timing of social contact with foot shock produces optimal learning.

Single-atom Barium Promoter Enormously Enhanced Non-noble Metal Catalyst for Ammonia Decomposition.

As a well-established topic, single-atom catalyst has drawn growing interest for its high utilization of metal. However, researchers prefer to develop various active metals with single-atom form, the intrinsic roles of single-atom promoters are usually underrated, which are significant in boosting reaction activity. In this work, Ba single atoms were in situ prepared in the Co-Ba/Y2O3 catalyst with crystallized BaCO3 as the precursor under the ammonia decomposition reaction condition. The optimized Co-Ba/Y2O3 catalyst achieves extremely high H2 production rate of 138.3 mmolH2·gcat-1·min-1 at very low temperature (500 °C, GHSV = 840,000 mL·g-1·h-1) and Co-Ba/Y2O3 exhibits excellent durability during the 350 h test, which realizes the highest activity among all non-noble catalysts, and reaches or even exceeds numerous reported Ru-based catalysts. Both Y2O3 and Co demonstrate positive interactions with Ba, which significantly facilitates the dispersion of Ba species at high temperatures (≥ 600 °C). Ba single atoms significantly enhance the charge density of Co and form additionally active Co-O-Ba-Y2O3 interfacial sites, which alleviates hydrogen poisoning and decreases the reaction barrier of the N-H bond activation of *NH. The exploration of atomically dispersed promoters is groundbreaking in heterogeneous catalysis, which opens up a whole new domain of catalytic material.

Single‐atom Barium Promoter Enormously Enhanced Non‐noble Metal Catalyst for Ammonia Decomposition

As a well‐established topic, single‐atom catalyst has drawn growing interest for its high utilization of metal. However, researchers prefer to develop various active metals with single‐atom form, the intrinsic roles of single‐atom promoters are usually underrated, which are significant in boosting reaction activity. In this work, Ba single atoms were in situ prepared in the Co‐Ba/Y2O3 catalyst with crystallized BaCO3 as the precursor under the ammonia decomposition reaction condition. The optimized Co‐Ba/Y2O3 catalyst achieves extremely high H2 production rate of 138.3 mmolH2·gcat−1·min−1 at very low temperature (500 °C, GHSV = 840,000 mL·g−1·h−1) and Co‐Ba/Y2O3 exhibits excellent durability during the 350 h test, which realizes the highest activity among all non‐noble catalysts, and reaches or even exceeds numerous reported Ru‐based catalysts. Both Y2O3 and Co demonstrate positive interactions with Ba, which significantly facilitates the dispersion of Ba species at high temperatures (≥ 600 °C). Ba single atoms significantly enhance the charge density of Co and form additionally active Co‐O‐Ba‐Y2O3 interfacial sites, which alleviates hydrogen poisoning and decreases the reaction barrier of the N‐H bond activation of *NH. The exploration of atomically dispersed promoters is groundbreaking in heterogeneous catalysis, which opens up a whole new domain of catalytic material.

“I will get out of this” - The patients’ experiences of early mobilisation in intensive care. A hermeneutic study

BackgroundThe significance of early mobilisation in intensive care has become increasingly apparent along with a growing understanding of patient experiences within this critical setting. However, there is still a need for more knowledge regarding the complex experiences of the patients. Therefore, this study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the significance and deeper meaning of early mobilisation in patients recently treated in intensive care. MethodsA qualitative study with a hermeneutic, interpretive approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 participants recently treated in the intensive care units, in two different hospitals. FindingsThe analysis yielded three themes: ‘Struggling to regain independence and normal life’, ‘Interaction with healthcare professionals’ and ’Early mobilisation in a chaotic, confused context without control’. The first theme captures the participants’ experiences, motivations, and the deeper significance of early mobilisation, which was hope, the beginning of recovery and a willingness to fight. The other themes describe the context and circumstances surrounding the participants’ mobilisation including the collaboration with healthcare professionals. ConclusionEarly mobilisation’s significance and deeper meaning in intensive care were understood as the starting point of recovery. It had the ability to evoke hope and strengthen the fighting spirit, especially when it included leaving bed. The patients’ pre-existing understanding that resilience and persistence were crucial for regaining strength and mobility contributed, as well as positive interactions with healthcare professionals that restored human dignity and facilitated involvement and participation contributed. Implications for practiceEarly mobilisation should be used to inspire hope and a willingness to fight for recovery in patients treated in intensive care. Efforts should be made to engage patients in positive interactions with healthcare professionals that encourage this fighting spirit and active participation in early mobilisation. Mobilisations involving patients getting up and leaving bed should be used as much as possible.

Growth Performance and Microbial Activity Positively Responded to Interactive Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Young Holstein Dairy Calves.

We hypothesized that nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), as two pivotal nutrients that contributed to the growth of growing animals, may have interactive effect on growth performance and microbial development in young calves. For this purpose, feeding two starter protein contents (20% [20CP] vs. 24% [24CP], DM basis) and two phosphorus supplementation levels (0.35% [0.35P] and 0.70% [0.7P], DM basis) was evaluated on growth performance, health indicators, digestibility of nutrients and microbial protein synthesis (MPS), the latter estimated from urinary purine derivatives (PDs). Forty-eight female Holstein calves (3 days of age) were assigned randomly to the following treatments: 20CP-0.35P, 20CP-0.7P, 24CP-0.35P and 24CP-0.7P (n = 12, each). Milk feeding schedule was identical among treatments until weaning (d 59), but study lasted until d 73. Feeding 24CP compared to 20CP diet tended to improve starter intake, increased average daily gain (ADG) during pre-weaning period (p < 0.05), and final body weight (p = 0.01). Higher P supplementation has marginal effect on starter intake but improved ADG (pre-weaning; p = 0.02) and microbial activity by greater MPS (p = 0.02) compared to 0.35P. The greatest starter intake, the most favourable general appearance score, the highest withers height, the highest hip height, the greatest organic matter and neutral detergent digestibility, and the greatest MPS were found when calves fed diets contained 24CP along with 0.7P in starter. Based on the current study results, N and P have separate effects on the growth performance of young calves; however, their positive interaction can be attributable to growth performance and microbial development, especially during the pre-weaning period.

Interaction Effects Between Low Self-Control and Meaning in Life on Internet Gaming Disorder Symptoms and Functioning in Chinese Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Latent Moderated Structural Equation Modeling Study.

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is an emerging behavioral addiction with mental health implications among adolescents. Low self-control is an established risk factor of IGD. Few studies have, however, examined the moderating role of meaning in life (MIL) on the relationships between low self-control and IGD symptoms and functioning. This study aimed to examine the effects of low self-control and MIL and their interaction effects on IGD symptoms and family and school functioning in a structural equation model. A sample of 2064 adolescents (967, 46.9% male; mean age 14.6 years) was recruited by multistage cluster random sampling from 5 middle schools in Sichuan, China, in 2022. The participants completed a self-report questionnaire with validated measures on low self-control, presence of MIL, search for MIL, IGD symptoms, school commitment, and family functioning. Construct validity, measurement invariance, and structural invariance of the measures were evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis across sex. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the indirect effects of low self-control and MIL on family and school functioning through IGD symptoms. Latent moderated structural equation modeling was performed to examine the interaction effects between low self-control and MIL on IGD symptoms, school commitment, and family functioning. All scales showed satisfactory model fit and scalar measurement invariance by sex. Males showed significantly greater IGD symptoms and lower levels of self-control (Cohen d=0.25-1.20, P<.001) than females. IGD symptoms were significantly and positively associated with impulsivity (β=.20, P=.01), temper (β=.25, P<.001), and search for meaning (β=.11, P=.048) and significantly and negatively associated with presence of meaning (β=-.21, P<.001). Presence of MIL and impulsivity showed a significant and negative interaction effect (β=-.11, SE .05; P=.03) on IGD symptoms. The positive effect of impulsivity on IGD symptoms was stronger among adolescents with low presence of MIL than those with high presence of MIL. Temper showed significant and positive interaction effects with presence of MIL (β=.08, SE .04; P=.03) and search for MIL (β=.08, SE .04; P=.04) on family functioning. The negative effects of temper on family functioning were stronger among adolescents with low levels of MIL than among those with high levels of MIL. This study provides the first findings on the interaction effects between low self-control and presence of MIL and search for MIL on IGD symptoms and functioning among a large sample of adolescents in rural China. The results have implications for targeted interventions to help male adolescents with lower self-control and presence of meaning.

Integration of Technological Tools in English Literature Pedagogy: Enhancing the Teaching-Learning Experience

Digital technology has transformed English Language anad Literature pedagogy. The use of digital technology in English Literature pedagogy represents a significant advancement in Literature and Language learning, significantly enhancing both teaching and learning processes. Technology helps students learn more effectively, which helps educators improve their instruction. The method keeps developing to help teachers acquire a language more quickly for their students. Teachers choose software-based instructional systems that enhance students' positive interactions with their instructors and promote the acquisition of the English language in its entirety. This research aims to explore the integration of digital technological tools in English Literature and Language teaching and it endorses various methods to encourage the best possible instruction. It also investigates a variety of facets of teaching and technological resources that gives educators access to cutting-edge tools for effective and high-quality instruction. For this study, an explanatory qualitative methodod is opted (Creswell &amp; Poth, 2018). For the survey of the literature, a linguistic and traditional description of the technology, and a thorough analysis of its relevance to currently used teaching techniques have all been conducted. The findings address key challenges by emphasizing the potential of digital and contemporary tools to enhance language education. The study advocates for the use of digital technological tools tools to improve Enlish language learning.

Deradicalization Through Multicultural Islamic Religious Education at The Islamic University

In the context of preventing radicalism, it is important to research educational institutions that have implemented multicultural Islamic education. This article explains how deradicalization is pursued through Multicultural Islamic Education at Universitas Islam Malang (UNISMA. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach to understand the role of Islamic religious education in shaping students' multicultural attitudes. Data were collected through observations, interviews with 15 alumni from three cohorts, and documentation, focusing on the integration of multiculturalism concepts in the course materials. The findings indicate that the Multicultural PAI doctoral program at UNISMA significantly contributes to preventing radicalism by promoting tolerance and inclusive religious education. The program encompasses both theological and socio-cultural aspects, which help transform students' mindsets to become more open and reinforce the values of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika and Pancasila within the framework of Islamic education. The curriculum serves as a deradicalization tool by deepening the understanding of diversity and encouraging positive interactions within and between religious communities. However, its effectiveness is influenced by students' subjective factors, such as their attitudes, and external factors like the sociopolitical context. Further research is needed to assess the program's long-term impact and refine the curriculum based on student feedback.

Social Cognitive Predictors of Health Promotion Self-Efficacy Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

To examine the relative importance of social cognitive predictors (ie, performance accomplishment, vicarious learning, verbal persuasion, affective state) on health promotion self-efficacy among older adults during COVID-19. Cross-sectional. Data collected online from participants in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Seventy-five adults (n = 75) aged ≥65years. Health promotion self-efficacy was measured using the Self-Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale. Performance accomplishment was assessed using the health directed behavior subscale of the Health Education Impact Questionnaire; vicarious learning was measured using the positive social interaction subscale of the Medical Outcomes Survey - Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS); verbal persuasion was assessed using the informational support subscale from the MOS-SSS; and affective state was assessed using the depression subscale from the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the relative importance of each social cognitive predictor on self-efficacy, after controlling for age. Our analyses revealed statistically significant associations between self-efficacy and performance accomplishment (health-directed behavior; β = .20), verbal persuasion (informational support; β = .41), and affective state (depressive symptoms; β = -.44) at P < .05. Vicarious learning (β = -.15) did not significantly predict self-efficacy. The model was statistically significant (P < .001) explaining 43% of the self-efficacy variance. Performance accomplishment experiences, verbal persuasion strategies, and affective states may be the target of interventions to modify health promotion self-efficacy among older adults, in environments that require physical and social distancing.

Effectiveness of refined nursing intervention on postoperative recovery and respiratory function in lung cancer patients after thoracic surgery.

To evaluate the effectiveness of refined nursing intervention versus routine nursing care in improving respiratory function and facilitating their recovery in lung cancer patients after thoracic surgery. Total 75 primary lung cancer patients (average age: 55.3 ± 10.8 years) who underwent thoracic surgery at Tangshan People's Hospital from February 2024 to July 2024 were included in the study. According to the different postoperative nursing intervention, patients were randomized into control group (CG) and observational group (OG) for evaluating the effects of refined nursing intervention on pain relief, postoperative recovery and respiratory function. Tidal volume, vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, peak expiratory flow, and maximal voluntary ventilation were used to evaluate pulmonary function. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey and Nursing Intensive-Care Satisfaction Scale were administered at the minimum of 30 days of nursing interventions after thoracic surgery to assess quality of life and satisfaction with nursing care respectively. Bivariate correlation analysis and chi-square test (χ2) were used to analyze significant changes by using SPSS (version 27.0). About 61% (n = 46) of the patients were female. Routine nursing care was conducted in both CG and OG patients, while in OG simultaneously received refined nursing care. After a period of nursing intervention, recovery rate of heart and pulmonary was significantly higher than CG (92.31% vs 72.22%, P = .022) with a lower incidence of postoperative complications (12.82% vs 30.56%, P = .049). Pulmonary function test results revealed a significant improvement in OG patients' tidal volume (0.43 ± 0.06 vs 0.39 ± 0.07, P = .014), vital capacity (3.53 ± 0.30 vs 3.34 ± 0.32, P = .020), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (4.67 ± 0.67 vs 4.23 ± 0.58, P = .003), peak expiratory flow (4.76 ± 0.51 vs 4.36 ± 0.51, P = .001) and maximal voluntary ventilation (58.22 ± 7.86 vs 53.70 ± 6.89, P = .010) compared to CG. Postoperative moderate-to-worst pain duration in OG was significantly shortened (4.36 ± 1.56 vs 5.81 ± 1.94, P < .001), while health status value was higher (60.87 ± 5.89 vs 56.53 ± 6.22, P = .003). Moreover, OG expressed higher satisfaction with nursing care compared to CG (P = .002). Patients experienced reduced respiratory function after thoracic surgery. Refined nursing intervention might facilitate patients' postoperative recovery and improve their respiratory function and general well-being, which would be beneficial for achieving patients' satisfaction and promoting positive interaction between patients and multidisciplinary team members.

The Influence of Self Cofidence in Public Speaking

This journal article discusses the influence of self-confidence on public speaking skills in adolescents. This article finds interesting facts that social interaction with the environment and even includes support from peers, family, and teachers, plays an important role of one's self in shaping and increasing one's self-confidence. From the results of the interviews and questionnaires that we distributed, it can be concluded that for someone to improve their public speaking skills, efforts are also needed to strengthen and increase their confidence through positive social interaction and also support from the surrounding environment. From this article, it is hoped that it can contribute even to the development of educational strategies as well as effective interventions to improve public speaking skills in everyone. The research methods used include interviews and questionnaire distribution. The questionnaire was distributed to collect quantitative data on the level of confidence and its influence on public speaking skills. The results of our study show that self-confidence has a significant role in determining a person's success in public speaking. A person with a high level of confidence tends to be better able to overcome fear and anxiety, and is more effective in conveying their message to the audience. The hope of the discussion in this article is that we can all learn and even understand that there are causes and effects experienced by others that are certainly different from what we experience. So that we can also learn to see someone's reasoning from another point of view.

Suggestions on Grassroots Fire Safety Management for Smart City Construction

In this context, China has proposed "adhering to the overall concept of national security" and "adhering to the positive interaction between high-quality development and high-level security" to ensure the safety of life and property of the people in their pursuit of a better life. In the field of safety in China, fire safety has always been the top priority, and its impact has been widely reflected in the social, scientific and technological and economic fields, but there are still large shortcomings in the grass-roots fire safety management in China, so it is particularly important to find a suitable management approach. Based on this, this paper synthesizes the views of various scholars, summarizes and analyzes the exploration of grass-roots fire safety governance and the existing problems, and finds the appropriate governance approach, in order to provide a certain reference for China's grass-roots fire safety governance

Video-feedback intervention to promote positive parenting and sensitive discipline in early elementary education (VIPP-School): a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT The VIPP-SD (Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline) program has been shown to promote positive interactions between parents and children with behavior problems. This study evaluated an adapted version for teachers (VIPP-School) through a parallel-group randomized controlled trial involving 58 teacher–child dyads from kindergarten to second grade. Teacher–child dyads were randomly assigned to VIPP-School (n = 28) or an active control group (n = 30). Intention-to-treat analyses showed improvements in teacher sensitivity (d = 0.87) and supportive teacher classroom interactions (d = 0.53) in the VIPP-School condition compared to the control condition. VIPP-School had no significant effect on teachers’ observed sensitive discipline (although changes were in the expected direction), nor on reported child externalizing behavior, overall relationship quality, school happiness or teacher self-efficacy. These findings show that the intervention, originally developed for families, could be effectively applied to early elementary education. The limited number of sessions increases the feasibility of VIPP-School.

Effective Classroom Management as a Quick Solution to Improve Student Participation and Motivation in the Learning Process

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of classroom management in increasing student participation and motivation at MI Darul Akhlak, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. This study observes how the implementation of good classroom management can create a conducive learning environment and encourage students to be more active in learning. The results of the study indicate that effective classroom management, including careful planning, flexible seating arrangements, the use of relevant learning media, and positive interactions between teachers and students, can increase student focus and involvement in the learning process. Some obstacles in the implementation of classroom management include low student awareness of learning responsibilities, and the existence of disruptive extracurricular activities. In conclusion, good classroom management plays an important role in creating a conducive learning atmosphere and increasing student motivation. It is recommended that teachers maximize classroom management strategies and involve students in the learning process. Students are also expected to be able to increase awareness of the importance of active participation in teaching and learning activities.