Positive Ethnic Identity Research Articles

Empirical Assessment of Ethnic Identity and Ethnic Attitudes of the Russian Students (Case Study of Humanities Degree Programmes taught at National Research Mordovia State University)

Introduction. Currently, there is a tendency of steady decline in the value of ethnic identity in the self-consciousness of young people. The assessment and study of the dynamics of ethnic self-awareness are related to the need for a comprehensive approach to the problem of patriotism development of modern Russian youth. The purpose of this article is to analyze the ethnic self-consciousness and ethnic attitudes among Russian youth enrolled in humanities degree programmes at the National Research Mordovia State University. Materials and Methods. 150 junior students took part in the empirical research. The following methods were used: the 16PF questionnaire by R. Cattell (form C), the “Types of Ethnic Identity” method by G. U. Soldatova and S. V. Ryzhova, the Method for assessing the positivity and uncertainty of ethnic identity by A. N. Tatarko, N. M. Lebedeva, ethnic affiliation questionnaire by G. U. Soldatova, S. V. Ryzhova. The authors used methods of correlation and factor analysis. Results. The study revealed a high level of positive ethnic identity in the majority of Russian students. The greater part of students have an average level of ethnic identity. The results of correlation analysis showed the presence of significant relationships between types of ethnic identity and ethnic attitudes. As a result of factor analysis, five groups of factors reflecting the relationship between types of ethnic identity and personal qualities of students were identified. Discussion and Conclusion. The authorsʼ findings contribute to the study of the problem of ethnic identity and its relationship with ethnic attitudes and personality traits of Russian students. The materials of the article can be useful for specialists in the field of ethnic psychology to study and develop studentsʼ deep understanding of their own ethnic identity.

Интеграция этнокультурного компонента в процесс обучения иностранному языку студентов неязыковых факультетов в региональном вузе

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to introduce an ethnocultural component into the process of teaching a foreign language to students of non-linguistic faculties of a regional university in accordance with the principles of modern foreign-language vocational education as a way to harmonize interethnic and interpersonal relations in a multicultural region. The article examines the didactic potential of the discipline "Foreign language" in the formation of intercultural competence of students of non-linguistic faculties, the development of ethnic identity based on the integration of an ethnocultural component. The scientific novelty lies in the development of theoretical and practical principles, conclusions, and recommendations related to organizing the process of teaching foreign languages to students in a non-linguistic university in a multicultural region. This is based on the integration of an ethnocultural-oriented exercise system into the educational process. As a result of the study, it was found that practical classes in a foreign language in a non-linguistic university have significant opportunities in expanding the educational horizons of students of a non-linguistic university and preparing them for life in a multinational, multilingual, multicultural world. The integration of the ethno-cultural component into the educational process stimulates motivation to learn foreign languages, promotes awareness of the specifics and peculiarities of native culture as part of world culture, and the development of such important personality qualities for intercultural interaction as positive ethnic identity, empathy, and tolerance.

РОЛЬ ЭТНИЧЕСКОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ В СТАНОВЛЕНИИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ГРАЖДАНСКОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ ЛИЧНОСТИ В ПОЛИКУЛЬТУРНОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ

The article studies and compares the views of researchers on the relationship between ethnic and state civic identity. Arguments in favor of the position that assumes an important role of positive ethnic identity of a person in the process of formation of the state civil identity of a person in a multicultural space are presented. Ethnic identity is interpreted in the scientific article from socio-psychological positions as a dynamic and multidimensional formation, which characterizes the feeling (implicit component) and awareness (explicit component) of a person as a member of a certain ethnic group/community. State civic identity, in turn, is the result of a complex process of identifying oneself with the state, with the civil society of one's country. The formation of ethnic identity is based on ethnic self-consciousness, while the state civil identity is about national self-consciousness. The opinion about the natural nature of the process of ethnic self-identification is argued: ethnic identity is always present in self-consciousness as a more or less vague feeling of attraction to the elements of one's ethno-culture. At the same time, the process of national self-identification is to a greater extent a regulated process that presupposes the presence of more complex preconditions and a higher level of meaningfulness. The assumption of close interrelation between the considered concepts, their consistency is put forward. The process of formation of ethnic identity and state civil identity in the context of ontogenesis is considered. The opinion about the primacy (chronological) of ethnic identity in multicultural pro- space is substantiated. Different points of view are compared and conclusions are drawn about the possibility of managing the process of formation of the state civil identity, education of patriotism in a multicultural region.

Personal Characteristics of Russian Students with Different Types of Ethnic Identity

Introduction. The article deals with the problem of the relationship between personality traits and the type of ethnic identity in Russian students. The existing theoretical approaches to the concept and properties of ethnic identity are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of ethnic identity types. Materials and Methods. An empirical study was carried out on the basis of National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University. 105 students became participants in the study. The following methods were used: the 16 PF questionnaire by R. Cattell (form C), the “Types of Ethnic Identity” method by G. U. Soldatova and S. V. Ryzhova, The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) – Jean S. Phinney, the Method for assessing the positivity and uncertainty of ethnic identity (A. N. Tatarko, N. M. Lebedeva). Mathematical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the correlation analysis of Pearson’s r-test and the Mann – Whitney U-test. Results. As a result of the study, positive correlations were revealed between personal characteristics and ethnic identity types of Russian students. Most students have a positive ethnic identity. They recognize themselves as representatives of their ethnic group, have positive feelings towards representatives of their nationality. At the same time, they adequately relating to other ethnic groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the features of the ethnic identity of Russian and Mordovian students. Discussion and Conclusion. Features of ethnic identity are largely due to the personal qualities of students. Students with a high level of conformism have a positive ethical identity, strive to combine a positive attitude towards their own and other ethnic groups. Students with pronounced personal dominance have a negative attitude towards representatives of other ethnic groups, prefer to communicate with people of their own ethnic group. Individuals striving for independence are more prone to ethnic isolationism, the recognition of the superiority of their people over other ethnic groups. Emotionally unstable students have a low level of ethnic nihilism, strive to reduce tension in relations with others, and seek more stable relationships with people outside of ethnic characteristics. Ethnic indifference is characteristic of persons with a high level of intelligence.

Association of racism and substance use treatment with belief in the myth of an American Indian/Alaska Native biological vulnerability to alcohol problems.

Belief in an American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) specific biological vulnerability (BV) to alcohol problems is associated with worse alcohol outcomes among AIANs. Despite a notable lack of evidence that biogenetic factors play a greater role in the development of alcohol problems among AIANs than other groups, many people still believe this myth. Consistent with theory and evidence that greater experiences with discrimination leads to the internalization of stereotypes and oppression, we hypothesized that greater perceived racial discrimination (racism) would be associated with greater BV belief, but that having a stronger ethnic identity would weaken this association. We also examined whether previous substance use treatment as well as participation in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) or Narcotics Anonymous (NA) was associated with BV belief. Participants were 198 reservation-dwelling AI adults with a substance use problem who completed a survey as part of a larger community-based participatory study. A multiple regression analysis revealed that greater systemic racism was associated with greater belief in a BV; this association was not moderated by ethnic identity. Greater interpersonal racism was also associated with greater BV belief-but only among those low in ethnic identity. A regression analysis revealed that previous treatment, AA, and NA participation were not associated with BV belief. Greater systemic and interpersonal racism were associated with belief in a BV, and greater ethnic identity buffered the association between interpersonal racism and BV belief. This suggests that both combatting racism and fostering positive ethnic identity may help to lessen BV belief. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Beyond home language: Heritage language maintenance practices of Yorùbá–English bilingual immigrants

Purpose:This research investigates the heritage language (HL) as a core value of first-generation Yorùbá English bilingual immigrants in the United States and explicates HL maintenance practices among them.Methodology:It uses observation and semi-structured interviews with first-generation Yorùbá–English bilingual immigrants residing in New York, Texas and Maryland.Data and analysis:Transcripts from the interviews and field notes from the observation were analysed and coded using Reflexive Thematic Analysis (RTA) and some features of the Interlinear Morpheme Glossing (IMG) rules which are conventions useful for transliterations and translations.Findings:The heritage language is the distinctive identity of first-generation Yorùbá–English bilingual immigrants in the United States. Hence, they adopt maintenance strategies similar to those of other immigrants identified in previous studies (home language, language of familiarity, language as code and language for admonition) and devise ingenious strategies to ensure maintenance including language for setting intergroup boundaries, language for maintaining connectedness and language for naming realities.Originality:Previous studies have examined HL maintenance among Asian, Hispanic and European immigrants who have HLs with high numeric strength, but this study examines immigrants of African descent and an HL with low numeric strength. It also presents unobserved HL maintenance strategies which are peculiar to first-generation Yorùbá–English bilingual immigrants in the United States.Implications:Despite English monism, immigrants/ethnic minorities can go beyond common HL maintenance strategies and create unique ones that will ensure the continued use of their languages. The ability to do this advances a positive ethnic identity, guarantees an improved lifespan for HLs in host communities and reduces instances of identity crisis among immigrants.

Ethnic identity and tolerance of foreign students in the multicultural environment of a military higher education institution

The article is devoted to determining the level of ethnic identity and the manifestation of tolerance among foreign military students of a Russian military higher education institution in the context of intercultural interaction; it is noted that the environment of a military educational institution is characterised by deprivation. The article presents the results of the study. The sample consisted of 38 students from the countries far enough from Russia, studying on the preparatory, first and second years, at the Military Academy of Radiation, Chemical & Biological Protection named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko, in the City of Kostroma. Dynamics was revealed in the studied indicators among students of different courses. Positive dynamics was revealed in terms of ethnic indifference, positive ethnic identity, ethno-egoism, ethno-fanaticism, with negative dynamics noted in terms of ethnic and social tolerance, ethno-nihilism, ethno-isolationism. On the one hand, the level of tolerance, respect for other nations, readiness for cooperation enhances; on the other hand, there is a risk of conflicts, autonomisation. It is thus necessary to create special pedagogic conditions for the development of intercultural tolerance and ethnic identity to the educational multicultural environment, based on taking into account national, socio-psychological, military service factors, as well as using the possibilities of the discipline ‟The Russian language”.

Uso de língua étnica e identidade étnica de estudantes universitários na Malásia

ABSTRACT: The study examined the extent to which ethnic language use is influenced by strength of ethnic identity among university students in Malaysia. In the study, 100 university students from Malay, Chinese, Indian, and Indigenous ethnic backgrounds filled in a questionnaire on language use in six domains, and their ethnic identity was measured using Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM). English and Malay dominated in the mass media and education domains, and in intergroup and formal interactions, but ethnic languages were mainly used with family, friends and for religious practices. The results showed a moderate level of ethnic language use among the Malay (58.37%) and Chinese participants (59.21%), and a lower level among the Indigenous (49.55%) and Indian participants (42.11%). All four ethnic groups showed a positive ethnic identity. There is a significant positive relationship between the extent of ethnic language use and the strength of ethnic identity.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ЭТНИЧЕСКОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ: КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ

Ethnic identity as a phenomenon of human nature has a mobile nature, which depends on various factors that accompany a person's life. The author analyses this aspect of ethnic identity, which is closely related to the term "transformation". It is analysed this term in order to further substantiate the significance of the process of transformation of ethnic identity into an all-Russian civic identity. The study is based on the analysis of the relationship of ethnic identity with such factors as the natural and biological maturation of the individual, the emotional and evaluative attitude of the individual to his identity, external historical and cultural events. These factors, as the analysis showed, determine two key scenarios for the transformation of ethnic identity. The first scenario is associated with the process of transformation of ethnic identity with respect to positive ethnic identity, recognized as the norm of interethnic interaction. This process is realized within one form of identity, in particular ethnic. The second scenario assumes the participation of a different form of identity, in particular the all-Russian one. Much attention is paid by the author to the correlation of these forms of identities, different points of view of individual scientists on this issue are given. The significance of such a form of identity, which combines both the values of ethnic identity and the all-Russian civic identity, is substantiated. Such a process of transformation of ethnic identity into an all-Russian civic identity involves the generation of a new supra- ethnic identity, in which the traditional ethnic identity does not disappear anywhere, but becomes the basis for the adoption of other, in particular civic all-Russian values.

IS ETHNIC HERITAGE MEANINGFUL IN ADULTHOOD? ETHNIC IDENTITY AND WELL-BEING IN MEXICAN-ORIGIN FEMALE ADULTS

Abstract Being the largest immigrant group in the U.S., the process of exploring, forming, and retaining ethnic identity is a critical component to Mexican immigrants’ successful adaptation and wellbeing. Despite recognizing the dynamic nature of ethnic identity development, extant research has predominantly focused on adolescence, overlooking the development and impact of ethnic identity in adulthood, when individuals’ experiences are continuously shaped by critical life events (e.g., moving to a new country). Additionally, there is a lack of longitudinal research on mid-late adulthood. Filling these gaps, this study utilized a three-wave longitudinal dataset of 595 Mexican-origin female adults (Mage.wave1 = 38.39) to examine their initial levels and trajectories of ethnic identity development (i.e., exploration, centrality, and resolution) and understand how these individuals’ initial levels and trajectories of ethnic identity are associated with their wellbeing (i.e., life meaning, resilience, and depressive symptoms) at Wave 3. Using latent growth curve modeling, unconditional models revealed that initial levels of ethnic identity in Mexican-origin female adults were moderately high, and that their centrality and resolution of ethnic identity remained stable while their exploration of heritage identity increased over time. The conditional model also showed that Mexican-origin female adults’ higher initial levels of centrality and resolution were associated with a greater sense of life meaning (and resiliency, only true for resolution levels) but not with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that ethnic heritage is associated with more positive perception in life and may inform interventions on developing a positive ethnic identity that is related to better wellbeing.

Development of Students’ Positive Ethnic Identity and Culture of Interethnic Communication in Foreign Language Lessons

The article highlights the theoretical issues of the categories of ethnic identity, interethnic communication. The authors consider the issues of theoretical prerequisites for the study of the students’ ethnic identity in domestic and foreign science. The indicators and properties of ethnic identity are considered in detail. Particular attention is paid to the issues of mutual influence and interdependence of a student's positive ethnic identity and the culture of his interethnic communication. The authors substantiate the thesis about the role of the discipline «Foreign language» in the development of students’ ethnic identity and in improving the culture of interethnic communication. The article proposes various methods, forms and techniques of work on the development of students' ethnic identity. This research widely presents the methodological tools of teachers - foreign language teachers: problem-based learning methods, students’ research activities, work with audio, video, etc. An important role in the development of ethnic identity and interethnic communication belongs to work with small genres of oral folk art, and with translations of famous works into English. The results of the study of students’ ethnic self-identification, the change in the students’ attitude towards representatives of other ethnic groups are presented as a result of purposeful activity in this aspect. Positive self-identification of students is considered as a prerequisite and guarantee of positive interethnic communication.

Associative Field of Ethnonym-Stimulus ‘Teleuts’ in Ethnic Self-Identification Modeling of Bachat Teleuts

The ethnic component, represented in the linguistic consciousness of the teleuts, a small indigenous people living on the territory of the Kemerovo region — Kuzbass, is considered. The associative field, built on the basis of reactions to the ethnonymstimulus ‘teleuts’, was analyzed using partofspeech and attributive methods and the method of associative ethnic portraits proposed by T. A. Ershova. The data obtained supplement the available information of anthropologists, local historians and cultural scientists about the national selfconsciousness of the teleuts. It is proved that the teleuts have a positive ethnic identity. The dominant number of associates for the wordethnonym ‘teleuts’ have a complex of positive additional emotional, evaluative and expressive meanings. For the participants in the experiment, it turned out to be important commonality based on family kinship, reassessment of their ethnic group, the significance and uniqueness of which are the result of not only the presence of a developed system of original customs and traditions, but also its small number. The teleuts define themselves as a small indigenous people living on the territory of the Kemerovo region, whose representatives are carriers of a wide range of positive qualities and their own unique culture. Modeling of the ethnic selfidentification of the Bachat teleuts on the basis of a comparison of associative fields, actualized by the ethnonym and endoethnonyms, seems promising.

Internal Feelings of Hijab: The Lived Experiences of Chinese Young Muslim Women in Guangzhou

Ethnic identity is considered a fundamental aspect that provides an individual with a sense of belonging and commitment to a particular ethnic group. Wearing Hijab, for example, is a major consensus and obligation for Muslim women. This article focuses on the status of the hijab among young Muslim women in Guangzhou, China. Living in one of the world's socialist states, they are struggling with their identity and faith as a minority. This paper study of how they negotiate their ethnic identities within and outside their families. The study draws data gathered from semi-structured interviews with nine young Muslim women. The findings suggest (1) Ethnic identity is a dynamic process. (2) Social and cultural contexts have great effects on an individual’s ethnic identity development. (3) Ethnic identity is multidimensional: family, friends, gender, and religion play vital roles in the process of achieving a positive ethnic identity. Prior to this, Muslim women find Hijab as one of the major barriers to living in mainstream society. They choose to wear Hijab or not, based on the above reasons. They may find out more possible ways of educating their members to consider religion as a potential source of empowerment and strength in their identity.

Stigma and Relationship Quality: The Relevance of Racial-Ethnic Worldview in Interracial Relationships in the United States.

The current study explored the associations between relationship stigma, Racial-ethnic Worldview (REW; a construct developed as a comprehensive assessment of individual's perceptions of race and ethnicity), and relationship quality among those in interracial relationships (i. e., participants indicated their race was different than the race of their partner). One type of REW (Color-blind Achieved) was especially susceptible to the negative consequences of stigma from family members. Other significant differences in relationship quality and relationship stigma were found based on REW. Most notable is that individuals who acknowledge institutional racism, have positive intergroup attitudes, and a positive ethnic identity reported better relationship quality than those who denied institutional racism and/or had less positive attitudes toward their own ethnic group. These results demonstrate the utility of REW in contextualizing the experiences of individuals in interracial relationships as it relates to perceived stigma and relationship quality. The study offers a critical account of how individuals understanding of the racial and ethnic social context shapes relationship outcomes for those in interracial relationships in the United States.

Ethnic identity, stress, and personal recovery outcomes among young adults with serious mental health conditions.

Serious mental illnesses (SMI) often occur during early adulthood, just as young people are developing important aspects of their identity that can affect their recovery. Positive ethnic identity development is associated with stress coping and psychological well-being in young people. But, there is limited research to indicate how individual experiences of belonging and attachment to one's ethnic group influence personal recovery processes among young adults living with SMI. Young adults living with SMI (95% identified as ethnic/racial minorities) were recruited from four outpatient psychiatric rehabilitation programs (N = 83). Multivariate regressions were used to examine relationships between predictors (demographics, psychiatric symptomatology, ethnic identity) and the dependent variables (perceived stress and personal recovery). A stronger, more developed ethnic identity and fewer depressive symptoms were associated with higher ratings of personal recovery. Increases in psychiatric symptoms predicted increased perceived stress. Post hoc analyses showed that Black, Latino/a, and multiracial study participants' ethnic identity ratings were similar to those of same ethnic/racial group of young adults without SMI. Ethnic identity development could be a significant psychosocial factor shaping mental health recovery among minority young people living with SMI. Several factors associated with psychological well-being among ethnic and racial minority youth may account for this, including adaptive coping, social support, and a buffering effect against racism. Our findings indicate that assessing and developing a young person's ethnic identity-related strengths and resources as a means for improving the personalization of recovery services and enhancing the quality of care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Peculiarities of interethnic perception of the gagauz and bulgarians in the Republic of Moldova

Moldova is a multi-ethnic state. One third of the country’s population is national minorities, including the Gagauz and Bulgarians. There is material evidence in history that negative stereotypes and conflicts existed between two ethnic groups in the region in the early 19th century. But over time, relations between the Gagauz and Bulgarians lost their former acuteness. The article substantiates the need to study ethnic heterostereotypes of the Gagauz and Bulgarians as a brandtheir ethnic identity. The results of the conducted empirical study of ethnic heterostereotypes of the Bulgarian and Gagauz youth prove that in the sphere of intergroup perception, these ethnic groups have a problem - distance from each other. There is a certain tension in the relationship between the Gagauz and Bulgarians, which manifests itself in a hidden, smoldering form. It is expressed in social competition, achieved by ethnocentric evaluative comparison of one’s own and another’s group in favor of one’s own. But, nevertheless, they also have a powerful resource - a positive ethnic identity, which includes not only a positive self-identification, but also a positive image. The authors conclude that it is necessary to strengthen the positive ethnic identity of the Gagauz and Bulgarian youth. Increasing intercultural communication and competence is the main way to bring these two closely adjacent ethnic groups closer together.

ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТИ И ЭТНИЧЕСКОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ АРМЯНСКОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ В УСЛОВИЯХ РАЗЛИЧНОЙ СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНОЙ СРЕДЫ

The article looks into two multifaceted phenomena – tolerance and ethnic identity – and identifies different approaches to their study. The author claims that the level of tolerance largely reflects the moral development of an individual, their civility, as well as many of their personal qualities. Ultimately, tolerance plays a crucial role in a person’s attitude towards other people and the world at large. The author believes that the development of ethnic identity is associated with being aware of one’s belonging to a particular ethnic group and is an integral part of self-identification. The author points out that identity is a complex phenomenon that involves different levels of consciousness, individual and collective, ontogenetic and socio-genetic essential factors and knowledge about oneself; it can also be a feeling. Drawing on such understanding of tolerance and ethnic identity, the author aims to identify the relationship between tolerance and ethnic identity among Armenian youth in different socio-cultural environments. In doing so, the author suggests a working hypothesis according to which, firstly, there is a correlation between tolerance and different types of ethnic identity and, secondly, the tolerance of representatives of mono-ethnic and polyethnic environments is different. The hypothesis is tested through empirical research, which partly confirms the initial assumptions that representatives of a polyethnic environment are somewhat more tolerant than representatives of a mono-ethnic environment, as well as the existence of a correlation between ethnic tolerance and such types of ethnic hyperidentity as ethno-egoism, ethnic indifference and ethnophanatism. However, the study shows that the correlation between ethnic tolerance and positive ethnic identity is very weak.

Stage practices as a means of self-identification of the Greek ethnic of Azov region

The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the revival of ethnic self-identification by the Greeks of the Azov region by means of stage practices. Research methodology. The historical-cultural method was used (to study the historical period of formation and development of the Greek ethnos of the Azov region); theoretical method (to summarize the data of the material analyzed in the article in order to highlight the main trends of stage practices of the Greeks of the Azov region); structural-functional method (for analysis of the structure of ethnocultural self-identification); cultural-semiotic method (for the study of the method of constructing ethnocultural self-identification as a mental structure through symbolic forms), etc. Scientific novelty. The main constants of ethnocultural identity are studied; the possibility of constructing a positive ethnic identity in contemporary performing arts in general and the ethnic group of the Greeks of the Azov region, in particular, is considered; The peculiarities of the revival of ethnic self-identification by the Greeks of the Azov region by means of stage practices were revealed. Conclusions. Manifestation of ethnocultural self-identification of cultural and artistic practices has a complex semantic and expressive structure and manifests itself as a multilevel system. In accordance with the constructivism and cultural-semiotic approach, the stage practices of the Greek ethnos of the Azov region offer a way to construct ethnocultural self-identification as a mental structure through such symbolic forms as a worldview, ethnic worldview, and artistic worldview. They reflect the consciousness of man and society as a whole, as well as what is important for the Greek ethnic group, and have the greatest potential for building a positive image of the ethnic community.
 Keywords: Greek ethnos, Greeks of the Azov region, stage practices, ethnocultural self-identification.

Refugees in Brazil: An investigation of Syrian refugees' psychological experiences.

Although there is a strong body of literature on the psychosocial distress of refugees from Global South to Global North, there is limited literature on refugees who migrate from Global South (i.e., Syria) to Global South (i.e., Brazil). The present study aims to investigate Syrian refugees in Brazil. Participants were 202 Syrians. Most respondents were men (62.9%), with an average age of 35.9 years old (SD= 11.13). Results suggest an effect of positive ethnic identity in psychological and physical distress, who also perceive more discrimination than individuals who negatively identify with their ethnicity. Structural equation model suggests the fit of the proposed mediation model. Our findings add to the much-needed line of investigations examining Syrian refugees settling in Brazil.

Categorical structure of the armenian image among russian students with different types of ethnic identity

Introduction.The article analyzes the specificity of the categorical structure of the Armenian image among Russian students of Barnaul with different types of ethnic identity. Representatives of the Armenian ethnic group are one of the numerous ethnic groups living in Russia, and the space of higher education seems to be one of the platforms where you can meet them. Thus, among modern students, the need to adapt both to the new educational space and to its multinationality is becoming actual. The process of such adaptation includes a number of difficulties that students of different nationalities face. In our opinion, such difficulties are also associated with the specifics of categorization by the indigenous population of members of different ethnic groups.Materials and Methods.The specificity of the categorical structure of the Armenian image is presented in the form of a structure of categories identified on the basis of the prevailing type of ethnic identity of the respondents. To achieve the goal of the study, the following methods were used: free associations, subjective scaling, factor analysis of data, the questionnaire "Types of ethnic identity" by G.U.Soldatova and S.V. Ryzhova. The selection consisted of 187 students of different specialties and different universities in Barnaul.Results.Four models have been obtained that reflect the categorical structure of the image of an Armenian in groups of Russian students with different types of ethnic identity. All groups of respondents categorize the Armenian on the basis of emotionality, sociability, strategy of behavior in the conflict, and the prevailing position in the group. The fullness of the selected categories is distinctive. Thus, Russian students with a pronounced normal ethnic identity note negative qualities of an Armenian, but positive characteristics prevail in the structure of the image (cheerful, talkative, expressive, compliant). Russian students with a pronounced hyperidentity also represent the Armenian in a complex way, highlighting their positive and negative characteristics, where the latter are mostly represented (competing, impulsive, cunning). In the structure of the image of an Armenian, the majority of respondents with predominantly ethnic indifference have negative characteristics, and the group of students with pronounced ethnonihilism almost completely represents the Armenian in a negative light.Discussion and Conclusions.Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that it is necessary to form a positive ethnic identity among students. It is assumed that the specificity of the categorization of a member of the Armenian ethnic group by Russian students will determine their nature of communication with a representative of this nationality.