Positive Effect Research Articles

Innovative antibacterial and antifungal coating films of chitosan/nano zinc oxide/essential oil on grape preservation

The effects of some innovative antibacterial and antifungal coating films of chitosan/nano zinc oxide/essential oil (C-ZNO-EO) on grape preservation for human health were studied during the storage periods on (0, 4, 7, 14, and 16) days. Several evaluation approaches were evaluated such as the bacterial evaluations against the presence of the mesophilic aerobic bacteria. The polyamines evaluation was studied by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for putrescine and spermidine. Soluble sugars were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for fructose, glucose, and sucrose. Iron, zinc, and manganese were absorbed by the spectrum spectrophotometer. The antifungal properties have been examined against Botryis cineraa, Aspergillus niger, and Tubingensis. The results reported that the highest mesophilic aerobic bacteria (4.73 Log CFU g−1) was recorded in the control grapes on the 16th day, whereas the lowest level (2.05 Log CFU g−1) was recorded for C-ZNO-EO. The polyamines ranged from 12.18 nmol g−1 FW to 10.1 nmol g−1 FW, and from 21.35 nmol g−1 FW to 16 nmol g−1 FW for putrescine and spermidine during the storage periods, respectively. The grapes treated with C-ZNO-EO achieved the maximum increase in glucose and fructose contents (40.61 and 30.05 μmol/g FW), while grapes treated with chitosan/nano zinc oxide (C-ZNO) achieved the maximum increase in sucrose (0.982 μmol/g FW) compared with chitosan (C) and control treatments at the end of the storage periods, respectively. Using C-NZO-EO treatment had a positive effect on the mineral compositions and the antifungal against Botryis cineraa, Aspergillus niger, and Tubingensis. The innovative antibacterial and antifungal coating film by C-NZO-EO was the best treatment for grape preservation.

Effects of some locally isolated Lactobacillus species on general growth, muscular mass and bone development in mice

Probiotics are dietary supplements which contain live microorganisms, mostly different bacterial species that inhabit gut of host and ultimately benefit that host. The current investigation was done to explore the growth-promoting effects of four locally isolated probiotics strains L. paracasei, L. paracaseii, L. delbrueckii and L. rhamnosus. In this regard, 108 colony-forming units (CFU) were administered to the mice of experimental groups for 30 days. Upon administering probiotics, it was observed that the Lactobacilli species had a positive impact on body weight. The group that received L. rhamnosus exhibited the most significant increase, with a 76.53 % improvement over the control group (P < 0.05). Positive effects on somatic indices of different organs including spleen, thymus, kidneys, heart, liver, and lungs were also observed. In addition to all of these, the increases in the number of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle fibers and their cross-sectional area (CSA) up to 40.70 % and 28.94 % respectively in L. rhamnosus group as compared with the control group. In the L. rhamnosus group, there was a 40.70 % increase in the number of EDL muscle fibers and a 28.94 % increase in their cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle fiber as compared to the control group. On provision of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, 50.81 % higher femur bone density was noted which endorse the overall health-improving abilities of this probiotic. The application of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus in animal feed is recommended.

Quantum capacitance behavior of Ti2CO2/MoS2 heterostructures with 3d and 4d transition-metal doping

The storage capacity of capacity, quantum capacitance behavior, and atomic stability of O-defected, S-defected, 3d and 4d transition-metal (3d-TMs: Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni; 4d-TMs: Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, and Ag) doped Ti2CO2/MoS2 heterostructures were studied by density functional theory (DFT). Pristine Ti2CO2/MoS2 exhibited a high quantum capacitance of 1038.62 μF/cm2 at the positive potential. The appearance of O-vacancy in Ti2CO2-layer enhanced the capacitance of Ti2CO2/MoS2 at negative bias, and S-vacancy induced an obvious improvement of quantum capacitance at 0 V. After introducing various transition metals into modified Ti2CO2/MoS2 heterostructures, the doping in pristine structures increased the capacitance value to be 1182.71 μF/cm2 (Y-doping), while TM-doping in S-vacancy defected Ti2CO2/MoS2 systems induced a slight decrease of capacitance at positive potentials. For TM-doped O-defected Ti2CO2/MoS2, only Sc- and Y-doped systems exhibited higher quantum capacitance than the pristine Ti2CO2/MoS2, which were 1093.60 and 1096.26 μF/cm2. Due to the obvious advantage of capacitance of pristine Ti2CO2/MoS2 than Ti2CO2 or MoS2 single-layer at the positive bias, it can be used as effective anodes for high-capacitance supercapacitors, while 3d or 4d TM-doping had no significant enhancement in capacitance behaviors. The findings in this study were supposed to be theoretical data base to design high-performance supercapacitors.

Research on the impact of government attention on the digital economy of Chinese provinces

This study employs text data analysis of annual government work reports from various provinces in China for the years 2015–2020. It constructs an index measuring the extent of government attention allocated to digital economic development (DED) at the government level. Simultaneously, it establishes a DED index system to measure the level of DED. The aim is to examine the impact of government attention on the level of DED. The research findings demonstrate that government attention significantly promotes the development of the DED. For every one-unit increase in government attention to the DED, the level of DED increases by 0.043 points. This result remains robust even after conducting sensitivity tests using instrumental variable methods and variable substitution methods. In further investigation, a threshold effect model is applied, revealing a marginal increasing effect of government attention on the level of DED. As the level of DED rises, the marginal contribution of government attention increases from 0.048 to 0.112. Using a spatial durbin model, it is found that government attention exhibits a positive spatial spillover effect on the level of DED.

Enhanced patient-based real-time quality control using the graph-based anomaly detection.

Patient-based real-time quality control (PBRTQC) is an alternative tool for laboratories that has gained increasing attention. Despite the progress made by using various algorithms, the problems of data volume imbalance between in-control and out-of-control results, as well as the issue of variation remain challenges. We propose a novel integrated framework using anomaly detection and graph neural network, combining clinical variables and statistical algorithms, to improve the error detection performance of patient-based quality control. The testing results of three representative analytes (sodium, potassium, and calcium) and eight independent variables of patients (test date, time, gender, age, department, patient type, and reference interval limits) were collected. Graph-based anomaly detection network was modeled and used to generate control limits. Proportional and random errors were simulated for performance evaluation. Five mainstream PBRTQC statistical algorithms were chosen for comparison. The framework of a patient-based graph anomaly detection network for real-time quality control (PGADQC) was established and proven feasible for error detection. Compared with classic PBRTQC, the PGADQC showed a more balanced performance for both positive and negative biases. For different analytes, the average number of patient samples until error detection (ANPed) of PGADQC decreased variably, and reductions could reach up to approximately 95 % at a small bias of 0.02 taking calcium as an example. The PGADQC is an effective framework for patient-based quality control, integrating statistical and artificial intelligence algorithms. It improves error detection in a data-driven fashion and provides a new approach for PBRTQC from the data science perspective.

Comparison between supervised and physics-informed unsupervised deep neural networks for estimating cerebral perfusion using multi-delay arterial spin labeling MRI.

This study aimed to implement a physics-informed unsupervised deep neural network (DNN) to estimate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and arterial transit time (ATT) from multi-delay arterial spin labeling (ASL), and compare its performance with that of a supervised DNN and the conventional method. Supervised and unsupervised DNNs were trained using simulation data. The accuracy and noise immunity of the three methods were compared using simulations and in vivo data. The simulation study investigated the differences between the predicted and ground-truth values and their variations with the noise level. The in vivo study evaluated the predicted values from the original images and noise-induced variations in the predicted values from the synthesized noisy images by adding Rician noise to the original images. The simulation study showed that CBF estimated using the supervised DNN was not biased by noise, whereas that estimated using other methods had a positive bias. Although the ATT with all methods exhibited a similar behavior with noise increase, the ATT with the supervised DNN was less biased. The in vivo study showed that CBF and ATT with the supervised DNN were the most accurate and that the supervised and unsupervised DNNs had the highest noise immunity in CBF and ATT estimations, respectively. Physics-informed unsupervised learning can estimate CBF and ATT from multi-delay ASL signals, and its performance is superior to that of the conventional method. Although noise immunity in ATT estimation was superior with unsupervised learning, other performances were superior with supervised learning.

Derive the biased reading of &lt;i&gt;A-not-A&lt;/i&gt; questions in Mandarin

Among many forms of A-not-A questions in Mandarin Chinese, the shi-not-shi question is found to be unique in that it obligatorily gives rise to a biased reading toward its prejacent, so-called positive bias. The previous pragmatic approach by Ye (2020) establishes a link between focus in polar questions and question bias to explain this biased reading. However, the current study finds that two other A-not-A questions formed by epistemic modals, hui-not-hui and keneng-not-keneng which are not focus markers, obligatorily produce positively biased readings as well. I propose that biased A-not-A questions are a type of high-negation questions with A-not-A residing outside of TP. shi, hui and keneng should all be analyzed as epistemic modals which are the overt realization of Goodhue’s (2019) epistemic operator scoped by the negator. The positively biased reading is derived from the resulting unbalanced partition based on general pragmatic principles. This analysis from the semantic aspect provides new evidence for the argument that the first A has reality only in PF. Furthermore, the Mandarin Chinese data lends evidence to Goodhue’s (2019) argument that there exists a doxastic speech operator between NegP and TP in high negation questions. The paper also provides explanations for previously remaining questions on bias cancelation by the stress marker daodi and factive predicates like zhidao (“know”).

Intimate Care Products and Incidence of Hormone-Related Cancers: A Quantitative Bias Analysis.

Intimate care products may contain substances associated with increased risk of hormone-related cancers. The relationship between genital talc use and ovarian cancer, in particular, has been well studied, but concerns about recall bias and exposure misclassification have precluded conclusions. We examined the association between intimate care products and female hormone-related cancers, accounting for potential biases, using data from a US-based cohort study. The Sister Study enrolled 50,884 women who had a sister with breast cancer. Data on genital talc use and douching were collected at enrollment (2003-2009) and follow-up (2017-2019). We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for associations between intimate care product use and breast, ovarian, and uterine cancers. To account for potential exposure misclassification and recall bias, we conducted quantitative bias analyses under various exposure reassignment assumptions. Across considered scenarios, 41%-64% of participants douched and 35%-56% used genital talc. In models adjusted for exposure misclassification, genital talc use was positively associated with ovarian cancer (HR range, 1.17-3.34) Frequent douching and douching during young adulthood were positively associated with ovarian cancer, but neither douching nor talc was associated with breast or uterine cancer. Differential reporting of talc use by cases and noncases likely produces positive biases, but correcting for error still resulted in HRs above 1.0. For example, HR, 1.40 (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.89) when 25% of exposed cases and 10% of unexposed noncases had talc status reassigned. Although results show how differential recall would upwardly bias estimates, corrected results support a positive association between use of intimate care products, including genital talc, and ovarian cancer.

Distribution and use of tax support for housing in the Czech Republic

AbstractThis article focuses on mortgage interest deduction (MID) as an indirect tax support for acquiring one's housing. This form of support is the most widely used in the Czech Republic compared to other tax reliefs and causes the highest losses for the government budget. This paper provides quantitative evidence on how the MID was distributed among taxpayers in the Czech Republic in the period 2008–2019 in relation to taxable income and revenue losses for the government budget. Furthermore, it assesses the effectiveness of these tax measures in reducing socioeconomic inequalities among taxpayers. Research based on the application of the MID in tax returns has shown the effective distribution of the MID until 2017. Tax support for housing was used mainly by taxpayers with low taxable income, which is also the largest group. The essence of vertical equity has been fulfilled, which contributed to reducing the level of social inequality. This positive distributional effect has diminished over time. As of 2019, the highest share of public expenditure was redistributed to taxpayers with higher taxable income, indicating the existence of inequalities in the tax system. The different developments over time have shown that the use of the mortgage interest deduction cannot be assessed statically, as it evolves dynamically over time.

Efficacy of occupational rehabilitation in return to work for back pain: A systematic literature review.

Currently, there is no standard procedure for a return to work (RTW) rehabilitation program used by practitioners. The aim is to investigate the efficacy of occupational rehabilitation programs for workers with back pain. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and full-text articles in a systematic literature search in three databases conducted in 2023. Subsequently, they extracted data according to the PRISMA Statement. Among the 4,010 articles retrieved, 20 met the inclusion criteria. Data from accepted studies were abstracted into tables relating to the RTW, improvement of pain intensity, quality of life (QOL), and degree of disability in persons with back pain. The risk of bias was assessed using the (SIGN)-criteria. Significant improvements in RTW were shown by a workplace intervention with a physical approach and a multidisciplinary intervention but with a wide range of effect sizes. Five studies showed significant improvements in pain intensity and QOL, six studies observed significant improvements in disability. The studies that stated positive effects on work-related data differed between intervention programs and traditional care. A combination of activity, maintenance therapy, stretching, and manual therapy showed promising results in improving RTW. In addition, the relationship and mediation between employer/workplace and employee seems to be an important aspect of RTW. However, pain intensity, disability, and QOL were enhanced with interventions that included a high proportion of physical activity. However, the intervention programs differed widely, leading to the assumption that the treatment effect of the intervention programs is not established, yet.

Evaluation of soil temperature in CMIP6 multimodel simulations

Soil temperature plays a crucial role in understanding land-atmosphere interactions. The Sixth Phase of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) provides valuable information on soil temperature, however, the performance of these models in capturing soil temperature variations remains unclear. To comprehensively assess the performance of CMIP6 in simulating soil temperature, we employed a set of in-situ observation data, observation-derived gridded data (TS-GCB) and reanalysis data (ERA5L) to build various evaluating metrics for the surface (0–5 cm) and subsurface (5–15 cm) soils. At the global scale, the multimodel ensemble mean (MME) of CMIP6 generally captured the spatial, annual and seasonal variations of soil temperature, but overestimated measured soil temperature by 1.86 °C (vs. TS-GCB, surface) and 2.16 °C (vs. TS-GCB, subsurface), indicating more heat accumulated in soils than the reality. Surface soil temperature was better represented by MME compared to the subsurface soil layer (vs. TS-GCB). In addition, we found the largest simulation bias in the tropical zone, and both positive and negative bias in the arid regions. The large model spread of the individual models in representing soil temperatures in cold regions or periods highlights the needs of improved understanding of how snow and freeze-thaw affect soil thermal dynamics. Overall, the performance of MME is superior to that of the majority of individual models (vs. TS-GCB). Locally, the large discrepancy among observation-derived data, reanalysis data and CMIP6 simulations suggested that it is imperative to acquire more ground-truth soil temperature to better inform model simulation and forecasting.

Fruits of Emblica officinalis Linn. and its Phytochemicals in the Prevention of Ethanol-induced Hepatotoxicity: A Mini-Review

Abstract:: Excessive alcohol consumption over time is one of the primary causes of liver disease and death globally. Because there is no effective treatment, the situation has become more complicated, and the emphasis has shifted to the use of alternative and complementary medicine to treat liver problems. Herbs with dietary use have played an important part in the treatment of liver diseases since antiquity. Amla or Indian gooseberry, scientifically known as Phyllanthus emblica or Emblica officinalis, is a fruiting plant of the Phyllanthaceae family that is used in a variety of traditional and folk medical systems. The fruits have both dietary and medicinal value and are used to prevent chemical-induced hepatocarcinogenesis and reduce experimentally induced hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome in laboratory animals. They also have hepatoprotective effects against a variety of hepatotoxins such as heavy metals, iron overload, ochratoxins, hexachlorocyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride, therapeutic drugs such as paracetamol, and antitubercular. Amla fruits and phytochemicals such as quercetin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and kaempferol are known to reduce ethanol-induced liver damage, and mechanistic studies have shown that the beneficial effects of these phytochemicals are mediated in part by free radical scavenging, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. This review examines the positive effects of amla fruit and its phytochemicals for the first time, as well as the mechanisms underlying the protective effects.

Consistency of Aerosol Optical Properties between MODIS Satellite Retrievals and AERONET over a 14-Year Period in Central–East Europe

Aerosols influence Earth’s climate by interacting with radiation and clouds. Remote sensing techniques aim to enhance our understanding of aerosol forcing using ground-based and satellite retrievals. Despite technological advancements, challenges persist in reducing uncertainties in satellite remote sensing. Our study examines retrieval biases in MODIS sensors on Terra and Aqua satellites compared to AERONET ground-based measurements. We assess their performance and the correlation with the AERONET aerosol optical depth (AOD) using 14 years of data (2010–2023) from 29 AERONET stations across 10 Central–East European countries. The results indicate discrepancies between MODIS Terra and Aqua retrievals: Terra overestimates the AOD at 16 AERONET stations, while Aqua underestimates the AOD at 21 stations. The examination of temporal biases in the AOD using the calculated estimated error (ER) between AERONET and MODIS retrievals reveals a notable seasonality in coincident retrievals. Both sensors show higher positive AOD biases against AERONET in spring and summer compared to fall and winter, with few ER values for Aqua indicating poor agreement with AERONET. Seasonal variations in correlation strength were noted, with significant improvements from winter to summer (from R2 of 0.58 in winter to R2 of 0.76 in summer for MODIS Terra and from R2 of 0.53 in winter to R2 of 0.74 in summer for MODIS Aqua). Over the fourteen-year period, monthly mean aerosol AOD trends indicate a decrease of −0.00027 from AERONET retrievals and negative monthly mean trends of the AOD from collocated MODIS Terra and Aqua retrievals of −0.00023 and −0.00025, respectively. An aerosol classification analysis showed that mixed aerosols comprised over 30% of the total aerosol composition, while polluted aerosols accounted for more than 22%, and continental aerosols contributed between 22% and 24%. The remaining 20% consists of biomass-burning, dust, and marine aerosols. Based on the aerosol classification method, we computed the bias between the AERONET AE and MODIS AE, which showed higher AE values for AERONET retrievals for a mixture of aerosols and biomass burning, while for marine aerosols, the MODIS AE was larger and for dust the results were inconclusive.

Attaining quantitatively fewer defects in close-packed InGaZnO synthesized using atomic layer deposition

Owing to their uniformity across large areas, low-temperature processability, and low off-current characteristics, oxide semiconductors demonstrate significant potential for integration into displays, memories, and logic devices. In the hyper scaling era, atomic layer deposition (ALD) is well suited for downsizing device fabrication, leveraging self-limiting chemical reactions to provide nanoscale control, and conformal coating on substrates with high aspect ratios. Hence, in this study, we fabricated highly oriented c-axis-aligned crystalline (CAAC) indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) thin films using plasma-enhanced ALD (PEALD), introducing an additional thermodynamic driving force for crystallization. A comparative study was conducted on the properties of CAAC-IGZO in correspondence to conventional sputter-based IGZO. In particular, photo-induced current transient spectroscopy (PICTS) is employed to map the electronic structure (density of states (DOS)) of the films, which quantitatively confirmed fewer defects in CAAC-IGZO. Fewer defects result in highly stable CAAC-IGZO transistors with positive bias stress threshold (PBTS) at 0.03 V and negative bias stress threshold (NBTS) at - 0.06 V. Thus, this research on thermally and electrically stable CAAC-IGZO synthesized at low temperatures through PEALD offers insights into the processing and material perspectives for the application of oxide semiconductors in 3D integration.

Effect of Bias Potential on the Interface of a Solid Electrolyte and Electrode during XPS Depth Profiling Analysis.

Depth profiling is an essential method to investigate the physical and chemical properties of a solid electrolyte and electrolyte/electrode interface. In conventional depth profiling, various spectroscopic tools such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) are utilized to monitor the chemical states along with ion bombardment to etch a sample. Nevertheless, the ion bombardment during depth profiling results in an inevitable systematic error, i.e., the accumulation of mobile ions at the electrolyte/electrode interface, known as the ion pile-up phenomenon. Here, we propose a novel method using bias potential, the substrate-bias method, to prevent the ion pile-up phenomena during depth profiling of a solid electrolyte. When the positive bias potential is applied on the substrate (electrode), the number of accumulating ions at the electrolyte/electrode interface is significantly reduced. The in-depth XPS analysis with the biased electrode reveals not only the suppression of the ion pile-up phenomena but also the altered chemical states at the interfacial region between the electrolyte and electrode depending on the bias. The proposed substrate-bias method can be a good alternative scheme for an efficient yet precise depth profiling technique for a solid electrolyte.

Effects of ebselen addition on emotional processing and brain neurochemistry in depressed patients unresponsive to antidepressant medication

Lithium is an effective augmenting agent for depressed patients with inadequate response to standard antidepressant therapy, but numerous adverse effects limit its use. We previously reported that a lithium-mimetic agent, ebselen, promoted a positive emotional bias—an indicator of potential antidepressant activity in healthy participants. We therefore aimed to investigate the effects of short-term ebselen treatment on emotional processing and brain neurochemistry in depressed patients with inadequate response to standard antidepressants. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled 7-day experimental medicine study in 51 patients with major depressive disorder who were currently taking antidepressants but had an inadequate response to treatment. Participants received either ebselen 600 mg twice daily for seven days or identical matching placebo. An emotional testing battery, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and depression and anxiety rating scales were conducted at baseline and after seven days of treatment. Ebselen did not increase the recognition of positive facial expressions in the depressed patient group. However, ebselen increased the response bias towards fear emotion in the signal detection measurement. In the anterior cingulate cortex, ebselen significantly reduced the concentrations of inositol and Glx (glutamate+glutamine). We found no significant differences in depression and anxiety rating scales between visits. Our study did not find any positive shift in emotional bias in depressed patients with an inadequate response to antidepressant medication. We confirmed the ability of ebselen to lower inositol and Glx in the anterior cingulate cortex. These latter effects are probably mediated through inhibition of inositol monophosphatase and glutaminase respectively.

Comparison of the Friedewald and Vujovic methods with the calculated LDL concentration in a biochemical auto-analyzer.

To compare the concentration of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL-c) obtained using the Friedewald formula with those obtained directly with the RAYTO CHEMRAY 120 autoanalyzer. Cross-sectional study. We evaluated outpatients with a medical request for a lipid profile study (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL). The analyses were carried out in a RAYTO CHEMRAY 120 autoanalyzer under the principle of spectrophotometry. We obtained LDL-c using the Friedewald and Vujovic formulas. We evaluated 199 individuals whose direct LDL concentration averages were measured by the RAYTO CHEMRAY 120 equipment. Those calculated by the Friedewald and Vujovic formulas were 129.97 ± 32.66, 119.28 ± 30.44, and 127.01 ± 32.01, respectively, and in all cases, significant differences (P < 0.001) were observed with the RAYTO analyzer. In both cases a low positive bias was found with the RAYTO analyzer.. The Passing-Bablok and Deming's regressions showed a linear correlation between both methods (Friedewald and Vujovic) with the LDL values obtained with the Rayto autoanalyzer. Our study found that the Friedewald and Vujovic methods are good predictors of LDL cholesterol levels and have a low level of bias. Therefore, they could be used as potential predictors.

PENGARUH KEIKUTSERTAAN DALAM KEGIATAN EKSTRAKURIKULER TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR MELALUI KEDISIPLINAN BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS

This study explores the impact of student participation in extracurricular activities on learning achievement mediated by learning discipline. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Seberida, Indragiri Hulu Regency, with a sample of 30 students in class XI IPS. This research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive quantitative research type, the data analysis used to test the hypothesis is path analysis. The results showed that extracurricular activities have a positive but insignificant direct and indirect effect on learning achievement mediated by student discipline. The results of this study confirm previous research which states that there is a positive and significant effect of participation in extracurricular activities on discipline and learning achievement. However, this study was able to show that discipline and learning achievement can be controlled by school management policies in maintaining student discipline and achievement.

PENGARUH CSR TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN DENGAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING

This study aims to determine the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on company financial performance as proxied by Return On Assets, Return On Equity, and Net Profit Margin moderated by company size partially in mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.The research population includes all mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2021 period. The sample in this study was determined by purposive sampling method. The data analysis technique in this research is descriptive and verification. Hypothesis testing uses the Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) analysis model. The results of the study show that (1) Corporate Social Responsibility has a positive and significant effect on Return On Assets. (2) Corporate Social Responsibility has no effect on Return On Equity. (3) Corporate Social Responsibility has a positive and significant effect on Net Profit Margin. (4) Company size weakens the effect of the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility on Return On Assets. (5) Company size weakens the effect of the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility on Return On Equity. (6) This is indicated by the p-value of Net Profit Margin.

Multilevel resistive switching in hydrothermally synthesized FeWO4 thin film-based memristive device for non-volatile memory application

The memristors offer significant advantages as a key element in non-volatile and brain-inspired neuromorphic systems because of their salient features such as remarkable endurance, ability to store multiple bits, fast operation speed, and extremely low energy usage. This work reports the resistive switching (RS) characteristics of the hydrothermally synthesized iron tungstate (FeWO4) based thin film memristive device. The detailed physicochemical analysis was investigated using Rietveld’s refinement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The fabricated Ag/FWO/FTO memristive device exhibits bipolar resistive switching (BRS) behavior. In addition, the devices exhibit negative differential resistance (NDR) at both positive and negative bias. The charge-flux relation portrayed the non-ideal or memristive nature of the devices. The reliability in the RS process was analyzed in detail using Weibull distribution and time series analysis techniques. The device exhibits stable and multilevel endurance and retention characteristics which demonstrates the suitability of the device for the high-density non-volatile memory application. The current conduction of the device was dominated by Ohmic and trap controlled-space charge limited current (TC-SCLC) mechanisms and filamentary RS process responsible for the BRS in the device. In a nutshell, the present investigations reveal the potential use of the iron tungstate for the fabrication of memristive devices for the non-volatile memory application.