Positive Feedback Effect Research Articles

Interaction of FOXO1 and SUMOylated PPARγ1 induced by hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia favors vascular endothelial insulin resistance and dysfunction

PPARγ1 and FOXO1 are the key transcription factors that regulate insulin sensitivity. We previously found that a small ubiquitin-related modifier of PPARγ1 at K77 (SUMOylation) favored endothelial insulin resistance (IR) induced by high fat/high glucose (HF/HG) administration. However, whether and how the crosstalk between SUMOylated PPARγ1 and FOXO1 would mediate the development of the endothelial IR and dysfunction remains unclear. Here, we emphasize how PPARγ1-K77 SUMOylation would interact with FOXO1 and participate in the development of the endothelial IR and dysfunction. Our results show that the combination of HF/HG and PPARγ1-K77 SUMOylation exhibits a synergistic deteriorative effect on the endothelial IR and dysfunction, presenting decreased NO levels and elevated ET-1 levels, weakened PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling, and impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation function. The further researches reveal that PPARγ1-K77 SUMOylation readily interacts with FOXO1, and FOXO1 occupies the PPAR response element (PPRE) which is supposed to be occupied by PPARγ, thus resulting in the decrease of PPARγ1 transcription activity and the mitigation of the PI3K/Akt signaling. Moreover, the mitigation of the PI3K/Akt signaling promotes in turn the accumulation of FOXO1 in the nucleus where FOXO1 interacts with the SUMOylated PPARγ1, thus exerting a positive feedback effect on IR pathogenesis. The findings uncover a novel association between PPARγ1-K77 SUMOylation and FOXO1, which contributes to our understanding of the pathogenesis of endothelial IR and dysfunction and provides novel pharmacological targets for diabetic angiopathy.

THE IMPACT OF AUTOMATED WRITTEN CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK ON EFL LEARNERS’ ACADEMIC WRITING ACCURACY

The positive effect of Corrective Feedback (CF) on students’ writing performance has been a topic of dispute for a long time. The dominant belief around this issue is that students benefit from feedback to a certain extent. However, there is no consensus on what type of feedback can achieve that or the effect of CF provision on language learning in general. This study investigates the impact of Automated Written Corrective Feedback (AWCF), namely Grammarly AI-powered writing assistant, on students’ academic writing accuracy. After being allotted to control and experimental groups, sixty-four university students participated in the study. The participants underwent a pre-test to validate their homogeneity and levels and a post-test to explore the effect of using Grammarly on the written work of the experimental group. The main finding of the research is that after 14 weeks of using Grammarly, the experimental group members showed a significant improvement in their written accuracy compared to the control members. Moreover, it was found that the progress was represented in a substantial drop in the number of errors pertaining to specific categories while errors of other types remained unaffected. The implications of the findings are discussed, and suggestions for further research are presented.

The Effect of Psychological Skill Training Program and Positive Feedback on Handball Player’s Self-Efficacy Beliefs and their Shot Accuracy

The Effect of Psychological Skill Training Program and Positive Feedback on Handball Player’s Self-Efficacy Beliefs and their Shot Accuracy

PENGARUH UMPAN BALIK POSITIF PEMIMPIN DAN PENILAIAN KINERJA TERHADAP PERILAKU INOVATIF KARYAWAN: PERAN MEDIASI PERILAKU SUARA DAN OTONOMI PEKERJAAN

<p align="justify">This study aims to examine the effect of positive leader feedback and performance appraisal on employee innovative behavior mediated by voice behavior and job autonomy. The sample in this study involved 140 respondents who are employees in manufacturing, distribution and service companies. This study uses a quantitative approach which then uses primary data obtained from the results of filling out questionnaires via google form. The data were analyzed using data processing techniques using the Lisrel Structural Equation Model (SEM) method. Based on the results of the analysis in this study, it is known that innovative behavior can be influenced by positive feedback from leaders and performance appraisals which are proven to be mediated by voice behavior and job autonomy. It is thus concluded that positive feedback from leaders and performance appraisals has an important role in encouraging employees to behave innovatively supported by communication from employees through voice behavior and job autonomy.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Leader Positive Feedback(LPF), Performance Appraisal(PA), Innovative Behavior(IB), Voice Behavior(VB), Job Autonomy(JA).</p>

Midkine mediates dysfunction of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells through integrin α4 and α6

Midkine (MK)22Abbreviation: AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; ET-1, endothelin-1; FBS, foetal bovine serum; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; IHC, Immunohistochemical; LC, liver cirrhosis; LSEC, liver sinusoidal endothelial cell; MK, midkine; MVD, microvessel density; NO, nitric oxide; TXA2, thromboxane A2; VASP, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein; WB, Western Blot is an important regulatory molecule that promotes pathological angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although some studies have shown that its expression is increased in chronic liver disease, its effect on sinusoidal vasculopathy are still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that MK was mainly secreted by liver sinus endothelial cells (LSECs) during the stage of precancerous lesions. Increased expression of its receptor integrin was an important mechanism by which MK participated in sinusoidal vasculopathy through autocrine and positive feedback effects. LSECs with high expression of integrin α6 (Itgα6+) and integrin α4 (Itgα4+) were used to study the mechanism of MK, and it was found that the effect of MK on LSECs was closely related to the integrin subtypes. The activation of MK /integrin α6/Src/Shc signaling pathway promoted the expression of ET-1, TXA2 and reduced the production of NO, and then induced the capillary vascularization of liver sinusoids, while the activation of MK/integrin α4/NF-κB pathway mainly induced angiogenesis by promoting the production of VEGF and Ang2. In the three-dimensional co-culture system of hepatocytes (BRL-3A) and LSECs, MK significantly increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the co-culture system of highly expressed integrin LSECs and decreased the expression of tumor suppressor gene P53 in hepatocytes. These results suggested that MK /integrin signaling pathway, especially MK /integrin α6, was an important mechanism leaded to persistent sinusoidal hepatic vasculopathy in chronic liver disease and induced HCC，while MK/integrin α 4 activation was more involved in pathological angiogenesis.

Optimization Design and Implementation of Smart Multimedia College English Classroom Integrating Internet of Things Technology

With the rise of the Internet of Things technology and the improvement of college teaching requirements, more and more schools gradually use multimedia to carry out teaching activities for students. However, in today’s teaching environment, teachers’ teaching activities still do not get rid of the traditional thinking mode, and there is no fundamental change in teaching contents. In this context, the application of smart multimedia college English classroom teaching integrating Internet of Things technology was born. This paper mainly studied the optimization effect of smart multimedia integrated with Internet of Things technology on college English classrooms. The students of Baotou Medical College were taken as the research object; first, carry out information perception and data mining analysis work related to English, and finally, carry out diversified and situational teaching through smart multimedia. The degree of effect of optimization is reflected by the changes in the scores of students with different English abilities before and after. This paper mainly studied the optimization of college English classrooms with smart multimedia integrated with IoT, and the effect of optimization was reflected by the changes in the scores of students in Baotou Medical College before and after the experiment with different English abilities. This paper selected 10 sophomore students in Baotou Medical College and used their final English test scores as the benchmark to make statistics on different ability scores. Then, these students were given smart multimedia English classroom teaching activities, and they were tested on their English scores; a comparative analysis of the performance of different students with different English language skills before and after the test had to be done. The results showed that after 30 days of smart multimedia teaching, the English ability of 10 students has been improved. Among them, the average score of listening comprehension increased by 10.2 points, with the largest increase of 53.7%, and the average score of written expression ability increased by 1.1 points, with the smallest increase of 15.3%. Through a specific analysis of its ability, it was concluded that in terms of listening comprehension ability, the score of student 5 was improved to 13 points, the largest increase was 86%, the score of student 2 was improved to 7 points, and the smallest increase was 28%. In terms of reading comprehension, student 4’s score increased by 9 points, the largest increase was 56%, and the scores of students 2 and 9 were 2 points; the smallest increase was 7%. To sum up, the smart multimedia in the framework of the Internet of Things technology has a positive feedback effect on the optimization of college English classrooms, and different students’ different English abilities have been improved to varying degrees. This provides some guiding suggestions for the subsequent changes in the learning modalities of the undergraduate English classroom.

Why we need a fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty

Why we need a fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty

Preliminary User Evaluation of a New Dental Technology Virtual Simulation System: Development and Validation Study.

BackgroundWith the advancements in the dental health care industry, the demand for dental technicians has increased. Dental technicians should be thoroughly assessed and trained in practical skills and pass professional certification examinations to ensure that they are competent to work closely with dentists. Unfortunately, such training courses and tests are in short supply worldwide. The use of virtual simulation technology can help solve these problems.ObjectiveThis study presents a new strategic framework design for a certified dental technician practical examination called as the certified Objective Manipulative Skill Examination of Dental Technicians (OMEDT), which is based on the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). We present the development and validation of the OMEDT system, a new virtual simulated training system, to meet the demands of the OMEDT framework. The combination of OMEDT and the OMEDT system can solve the complex problems encountered in the certified dental technician practical examination with excellent efficiency, high quality, and low cost.MethodsThe OMEDT framework design was constructed according to the OSCE guide and the Chinese vocational skill standards for dental technicians. To develop the OMEDT system, we organized a new framework based on the virtual learning network platform, the haptic feedback system, and the real-time dental training and evaluation system. The effectiveness evaluation of the OMEDT system was divided into 2 phases: in the first phase, 36 students were recruited to use the test module to finish the task and their performance data were collected and analyzed; and in the second phase, a questionnaire was administered to 30 students who used the system for their studies and graduation exams.ResultsThe OMEDT and the corresponding skill training virtual simulation OMEDT system were developed, and preliminary user evaluation was performed to assess their effectiveness and usefulness. The OMEDT system was found to improve students’ practical skills by training with the evaluation results. In addition, several key research topics were explored, including the effects of positive feedback of the knowledge of results on the improvement of the students’ skill level and the common sense transformation of educators in the virtual simulation technology environment.ConclusionsThe development of OMEDT and the OMEDT system has been completed and their effectiveness has been verified.

Analysis and Suppression of Self-Excited Oscillations in Pressure Servo Valve System

In this paper, the phenomenon of pressure servo valve system self-excited oscillation is studied, the dynamic model of the system is established, and the validity of the model is verified by experimental analysis. On this basis, it is concluded that the pressure oscillation with constant amplitude and nondecaying is caused by self-excited oscillation. Such a phenomenon comes from unreasonable structure design of pressure servo valve. Moreover, the factors affecting pressure oscillation are evaluated qualitatively. In order to suppress the pressure self-excited oscillation, this paper proposes a pressure servo valve structure optimization method based on weakening the positive feedback effect of the backpressure. The simulation results show that the method can effectively eliminate the system self-excited oscillation. The stability margin analysis shows that after the structure optimization, the pressure servo valve system has adequate stability margin.

The Effect of Positive Social-Comparative Feedback on Learning a Throwing Skill in Adolescents with ADHD.

The Effect of Positive Social-Comparative Feedback on Learning a Throwing Skill in Adolescents with ADHD.

Societal Crises as External Enablers of Extreme Scaling by Digital Ventures

Building on the External Enabler Framework and prior research on digital entrepreneurship and innovation, we develop new theory of how entrepreneurial ventures can leverage societal crises to realize the extreme scaling potential enabled by digital technologies. Our theory posits a general pattern through which a) digital technologies provide baseline potentialities for venture scaling, b) crises provide venture-level additive enabling mechanisms, c) ventures’ task environments provide further positive feedback effects , and d) media discourse adds aggregate-level power effects, which cumulatively yield increasingly potent and non-linear scaling effects that also become progressively concentrated to a few, hyper-scaling ventures. We then outline how different development stages, market positions, and resource endowments make different hyper-scalers follow slightly different routes through the general pattern to achieve extreme outcomes. Through this work we take a major step forward in external enablement theorizing which we hope will inspire others to conduct empirical research and provide further theoretical refinements in this domain.

Avoidance As Recover to Self: Exploring Why and When Feedback Avoiding Behavior Promote Volunteering

Feedback avoiding behavior has been endorsed as destructive behavior. However, how the employees respond to such behavior remains unclear. Drawing upon conservation of resources theory, we explore why and when participating in feedback avoiding behavior may benefit employees. Results from a three-wave survey study illustrate that engaging in feedback avoiding behavior was associated with decreased emotional exhaustion, and ultimately, increasing employee volunteering behavior. Moreover, prevention focus moderated the observed effects. Specifically, the negative relation of feedback avoiding behavior with emotional exhaustion and the positive indirect effect of feedback avoiding behavior on volunteering behavior via emotional exhaustion will be stronger when employee prevention focus is high. Theoretical implications, practical implications, and future research directions are discussed.

THE EFFECT OF FEEDBACK ON RECOMMENDATION RECEIVERS AND BRANDS

Purpose- While it is common for consumers to advise about products and services, it is important to receive feedback about their recommendations. An important body of work in the marketing literature had focused on the consequences of product and services recommendations (eg Fitzsimons and Lehmann 2004). While the literature has predominantly focused on how recommendation providers are affected, there are limited sources of information on the relationship between recommendation providers and feedback providers in return (Claus et al. 2012; Moore 2012; Shen and Sengupta 2018). This research contributes to this knowledge gap by investigating how the recommendation providers update their current relationship with both the product and the feedback providers, after receiving feedback about their recommended products. Considering that the recommendation process of the consumers about the products does not end immediately, and that those who receive advice make this process dynamic by giving feedback, our study contributes to a more realistic and complete investigation of the results of the recommendation process. Methodology- In this study, data were collected online through a pilot survey study, as well as four experimental studies. The participants were either university students that received partial credits or participants that were recruited from Prolific that received monetary compensation. The gap in the word-of-mouth marketing literature was filled by examining the effects of positive or negative feedback after recommendation on both brand attitude and the evaluation of consumers who received advice and also gave feedback. Findings- When the findings of the research are evaluated, the positive feedback received after the advice given, the recommendation recipient evaluations are higher than the negative feedback. The mediating role of the similarity perception (between the recommendation and feedback provider) in the evaluation of the recommendation receipient has been demonstrated. Secondly, it was seen that the product evaluations were higher after receiving positive feedback than after receiving negative feedback. The perception of being betrayed by the brand or feeling gratitude towards the brand has a mediating role in the evaluation of the product after the feedback. Conclusion- As a result of this study, it has been shown that the feedback received after the recommendation will not only affect the product evaluations, but also the evaluations of the recommendation recipients. While feelings of betrayal or gratitude by the product played a role in product evaluations, the mediating role of person similarity emerged in those receiving feedback. In this context, it is striking that consumers reorganize their bilateral relations while giving product recommendations and receiving feedback. When the results of the study are evaluated, consumers should be prepared that their relationship with other consumers to which they give advice may also change in line with the feedback. This research provides significant contributions to word of mouth marketing literature by demonstrating the role of feedback. Keywords: Recommendation, feedback, social influencer, word of mouth marketing. JEL Codes: M30, M31

ISX-9 potentiates CaMKIIδ-mediated BMAL1 activation to enhance circadian amplitude

Circadian dysregulation associates with numerous diseases including metabolic dysfunction, sleep disorder, depression and aging. Given that declined circadian amplitude is a trait commonly found with compromised health, interventions that design in precluding circadian amplitude from dampening will aid to mitigate complex, circadian-related diseases. Here we identify a neurogenic small molecule ISX-9 that is able to support persistent and higher amplitude of circadian oscillations. ISX-9 improves diurnal metabolic rhythms in middle-aged mice. Moreover, the ISX-9-treated mice show better sleep homeostasis with increased delta power during the day time and higher locomotive activity in the dark period. ISX-9 augments CaMKIIδ expression and increases BMAL1 activity via eliciting CaMKIIδ-mediated phosphorylation on BMAL1 residues S513/S515/S516, accordingly composes a positive feedback effect on enhancing circadian amplitude. CaMKIIδ-targeting, and the use of ISX-9 may serve as decent choices for treating circadian-related disorders.

Financial trading versus entrepreneurship: Competition for talent and negative feedback effects

Higher market efficiency due to informed financial trading is typically considered to have positive feedback effects on the real economy. We extend the seminal Grossman-Stiglitz (1980) model to highlight an important negative feedback effect from trading to entrepreneurial activity: information revelation via prices leads to a clustering of risk at entrepreneurs. This distorts agents’ occupational choice between financial trading and entrepreneurship, discouraging real economic activity. This negative feedback effect provides explanations for excessive financial trading and multiplicity of equilibria.

Dissociable effects of positive feedback on the capture and inhibition of impulsive behavior in adolescents with ADHD versus typically developing adolescents

ABSTRACT The present study investigated how enhancing motivation by delivering positive feedback (a smiley) after a successful trial could affect interference control in adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and in their typically developing (TD) peers. By using a Simon task within the theoretical framework of the “activation-suppression” model, we were able to separately investigate the expression and the inhibition of impulsive motor behavior. The experiment included 19 adolescents with ADHD and 20 TD adolescents in order to explore whether data found in adolescents with ADHD were similar to those found in TD adolescents. Participants performed the Simon task in two conditions: a condition with feedback delivered after each successful trial and a condition with no feedback. The main findings were that increasing motivation by delivering positive feedback increased impulsive response in both groups of adolescents. It also improved the efficiency of impulsive motor action inhibition in adolescents with ADHD but deteriorated it in TD adolescents. We suggest that 1/increased motivation could lead adolescents to favor fast responses even if incorrect, and 2/the differential effect of feedback on the selective suppression of impulsive motor action in both groups could be due to different baseline DA levels.

Muscone Can Improve Spinal Cord Injury by Activating the Angiogenin/Plexin-B2 Axis.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disorder that usually damages sensorimotor and autonomic functions. Signaling pathways can play a key role in the repair process of SCI. The plexin-B2 acts as a receptor for angiogenin and mediates ribosomal RNA transcription, influencing cell survival and proliferation. Protein kinase B serine/threonine kinase interacts with angiogenin to form a positive feedback effect. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor can induce angiogenin nuclear translocation. Moreover, the BDNF can promote the secretion of angiogenin. Interestingly, all of them can activate the angiogenin/plexin-B2 axis. Muscone has anti-inflammatory and proliferative features as it can inhibit nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and activate the angiogenin/plexin-B2 axis, thus being significant agent in the SCI repair process. Herein, we review the potential mechanism of angiogenin/plexin-B2 axis activation and the role of muscone in SCI treatment. Muscone may attenuate inflammatory responses and promote neuronal regeneration after SCI.

How the Law Can Leverage Behavioral Economics to Protect Brick‐and‐Mortar Small Business Owners Against Location Risk

This article examines how the law can help reduce retail vacancy rates in volatile urban real estate markets. Two potential drivers of high vacancy rates along retail corridors in otherwise healthy real estate markets are identified: (1) location risk, and (2) positive feedback effects. This article suggests that local governments can pursue a nudge‐based approach to encourage landlords and retail tenants, especially small business owners, to adopt percentage rent or some other form of profit‐sharing to more efficiently allocate location risk. To address positive feedback effects in which each storefront vacancy increases the likelihood of an additional storefront vacancy, a case is made for stronger government intervention.

Long-term warming increased microbial carbon use efficiency and turnover rate under conservation tillage system

Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE), a combination of respiration and growth, plays a central role in the flow of carbon through soil. Carbon-depleted agricultural soils are promoted as a global sink for atmospheric carbon in a warming climate. There is an urgent need to understand whether increased soil respiration from warmed cropland soils reduces CUE, potentially creating positive feedback to atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We investigated microbial CUE and turnover rates in response to experimental warming in topsoils under traditional tillage and conservation tillage management using a substrate-independent H218O labeling method. Eleven years of warming increased soil organic carbon (SOC) by 3.9% in topsoil under conservation tillage, while there was no change in traditional tilled soils. Soil microbial respiration was increased by 108% and 11.6% under traditional tillage and conservation tillage, respectively. Warming decreased microbial growth by 60.3% in traditional tilled topsoils, but increased it by 50.8% under conservation tillage. Therefore, CUE and microbial turnover rates decreased by 77% and 22.2%, respectively, in response to warming in traditional tilled topsoils and increased by 29.1% and 19.3%, respectively, under conservation tillage. Soil hydrolase (β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase) activities were increased by warming under both management types, but oxidase (peroxidase and phenol oxidase) activities only increased in traditional tilled topsoils. Hydrolase:oxidase ratios were 4.1 times less in warmed traditional tilled soils compared to unwarmed traditional tilled soils but were 0.63 times more in warmed conservation tillage soils compared with unwarmed conservation tillage soils. Microbial CUE was positively correlated with dissolved organic carbon (DOC), DOC:SOC and hydrolase:oxidase, suggesting that substrate quality and availability were important factors driving changes in microbial physiology. The SOC increased with microbial growth, CUE and turnover rate. Our findings suggest that microorganisms in warmed topsoils under conservation tillage use a greater abundance of high-quality substrates more efficiently to build biomass, thereby reducing the positive feedback effect of increased soil respiration caused by soil warming.

Effects of Task Performance Expectancy Violations on Processing Fluency and Speaker Evaluations

We examined how task performance expectancy violations influence speaker evaluations. Americans listened to a Japanese-accented speaker reading a story; completed a memory test on the story's content; indicated their expected performance on the test; and then received positive, negative, or no performance feedback. Positive feedback positively violated listeners’ performance expectancies and elicited higher fluency, a more positive affective reaction, and more positive speaker evaluations, compared to no feedback. Fluency and affect mediated the effect of positive feedback on speaker evaluations.