Concept Of Rationality Research Articles

Towards the implementation of Positive Energy Districts in industrial districts: an Italian case study

Owing to the opportunity to provide an annual positive energy balance and net-zero carbon emissions, Positive Energy Districts aim at fostering the energy transition of urban city centres. To fully support the decarbonization of cities, it may be interesting to extend their implementation to other energy intensive districts, such as cities’ industrial areas. In this regard, this paper addresses the opportunity to apply the Positive Energy District concept within the industrial area of a city in the South of Italy. A mixed-use building, the industrial wastewater treatment plant and an office building have been involved as users and equipped with a 250 kW wind turbine and multiple photovoltaic plants installed on the roof of the buildings, in parking areas and in an unused land, for a total peak power equal to 466 kW. The renewable-based plants’ generation has been simulated in HOMER Pro® software, on a quarter-hour basis, and an energy and environmental analysis have been performed using users’ real electric load profiles. The proposed configuration allows to save 55% of primary energy and carbon dioxide emissions compared to the baseline case where users’ electric energy demand is fully met by the power grid. In particular, the primary energy saving is equal to 1 GWh/y and the carbon dioxide emissions reduction is equal to 150 tCO2/y.

Vis maior jako powód zwolnienia od pracy

Vis maior as a reason for dismissal from work One of the completely new rights given to employees as a result of the April 2023 amendments to the Labour Code is exemption from work due to force majeure in urgent family matters caused by illness or accident, if the employee’s immediate presence is necessary (Art. 1481 § 1 of the Labour Code). When interpreting the law, there is the concept of rationality of the legislator, which should be applied here. Which means that the employee does not so much have to request the employer to take time off from work due to force majeure above, but remains obliged to report absence from work in advance or report the need to leave the workplace for an urgent family matter caused by illness or accident. Applying in this case the interpretation developed on the basis of the provisions on leave on demand to Art. 1481 of the Labour Code does not remain justified.

Locating Freedom in Bergson's Time and Free Will

Abstract The question of the nature of free will remains a perennial challenge for philosophy. The French philosopher Henri Bergson was one who sought to address this challenge. He argued that traditional conceptions of the free-will debate would not suffice. He suggested that both determinist and libertarian accounts fall foul of spatializing tendencies. Bergson's first major work, Time and Free Will, sought to ground his understanding of freedom, in contrast to traditional understandings, in the concept of duration. Bergson, however, actively resisted attempts to define clearly freedom, which he believed ultimately leads to a spatializing of freedom. By attending to Bergson's concept of duration in Time and Free Will, and how this concept relates to freedom, it becomes possible to articulate a positive conception of freedom. This becomes important when arguing for the validity of Bergson's ideas in the current climate. Thus, a positive conception of freedom for Bergson can be “defined” as “the creation of the new within the flow of duration.” It is, however, not something that can be defined, but is something that can be located.

The Predicament and Countermeasures of Rural Cultural Endowment Development Under the Vision of Rural Revitalization

Manufacturing industry is the pillar industry of the national economy and the foundation of a country's economic and social development. As the region with the fastest economic development and the largest economic aggregate in China, the development of the Yangtze River Delta has attracted extensive attention from all walks of life since it was listed as a national strategy in 2018, and the manufacturing production level is in the leading position in the country. In the context of the rural revitalization strategy, with the continuous promotion of the rural elderly service capacity, many problems have been solved. To put it simply, cultural endowment can be understood as a positive concept of endowment, which not only ADAPTS to people's development and life, but also pays more attention to the spiritual needs of the elderly. At the same time, with the emergence of the "new and old" group, the increasing number of the group also promotes the development of cultural endowment to a certain extent. In this regard, it is necessary to make a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the current difficulties in the development of rural cultural endowment, and formulate targeted strategies, so as to make the rural cultural endowment into a new development mode.

An exploration of employees’ experiences of online food delivery: evidence from employee reviews

PurposeOnline food delivery service has evolved swiftly and stretched the bounds of the catering business. In the gig economy, being a food delivery rider draws employees with the promise of flexibility and independence. To this end, the purpose of this paper is to explore the main themes shared in online reviews by food delivery riders and which of these themes are linked to positive and negative ratings.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used 729 employee reviews posted on the Glassdoor website. In addition, they used content analysis to examine reviews of Uber Eats online food ordering company shared by food delivery riders on an online platform.FindingsThe results of this study include seven main themes: “earning,” “customers,” “orders,” “tips,” “car,” “flexible schedule” and “app” (navigation). Positive concepts are associated with “earning,” “orders,” “tips” and “flexible schedule.” Negative themes are linked to the “app” (navigation), “car” and “customers.”Practical implicationsManagement should consider online reviews as employees’ opinions and voices. Specifically, management should provide financial support to employees for car maintenance, offer insurance for income stability and arrange training programs to enable them to use several tip-enhancing behaviors.Originality/valueNo research has been conducted using online reviews from an employment search engine to investigate employees’ experiences of online food delivery. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first attempts using user-generated content from an employment search engine to explore employees’ experiences.

Inclusive legal positivism: Basic arguments

The relevance of the topic of this paper is due to the insufficient study of the problems of inclusive legal positivism in the modern philosophy of law. The problem of substantiating the thesis of the inclusion of morality in law on the basis of rational argumentation of scientists and legal practice data considered in the paper allows an innovative analysis of basic legal concepts. The subject of the research is to analyze the methods of moral, ethical and legal argumentation in the works of representatives of inclusive legal positivism. The purpose of the work is to theoretically reconstruct the essence of the debate between inclusive and exclusive legal positivism. The novelty of the topic is due to the lack of studies in the educational and scientific literature on the specifics of the argumentation of inclusive legal positivism, set out in the scientific works of Will Waluchow and Kenneth Himma, the need to rethink traditional ideas about the theory of legal positivism. The research methods used in the paper is the methods characteristic of analytical jurisprudence, including those related to the use of methods of logical and linguistic analysis, as well as special legal methods (formal legal method of interpretation of regulatory prescriptions). The main conclusions of the paper are to reveal the key arguments of the concept of inclusive legal positivism. It is proved that from the point of view of this concept, the law has moral grounds, and judges in some cases use moral reasoning when making court decisions.

THE RATIONAL CONCEPT IN EXPLAINING THE WORLD STRUCTURE IN ANCIENT CHINESE AND ANCIENT GREECE MYTHOLOGY

Humanity has a long history of exploring the mysteries of the universe and the world, and myths were the first interpretations of the origins of the world and natural phenomena by primitive ancestors. Ancient Chinese and ancient Greek mythology both arose during childhood in human development, and myths from this stage reflect the poetic understanding of the structure of the world by the first people of ancient societies. The myth of the world's origin mainly includes the beginning of the universe and the origin of all things. Famous Ancient Chinese myth about Pan Gu and Ancient Greek myth about Chaos contain the understanding of the world’s beginning from Eastern and Western civilizations. The study argues that differences between both myths are mostly structural. Analyzing the differences in the archetypes of thought and the characteristics of the concept of rationality as well as discussing similarities of those myths, it is proved that both creation myths greatly influenced the culture of the opposite parts of the World. They formed similar understanding of the world development as the moving from chaos to order and at the same time creating linear (West) and curvilinear (East) types of thinking, as well as heroic (West) and harmonious (East) understanding of the man-nature opposition.

A novel incremental attribute reduction approach for incomplete decision systems

With the increasing diversification and complexity of information, it is vital to mine effective knowledge from information systems. In order to extract information rapidly, we investigate attribute reduction within the framework of dynamic incomplete decision systems. Firstly, we introduce positive knowledge granularity concept which is a novel measurement on information granularity in information systems, and further give the calculation method of core attributes based on positive knowledge granularity. Then, two incremental attribute reduction algorithms are presented for incomplete decision systems with multiple objects added and deleted on the basis of positive knowledge granularity. Furthermore, we adopt some numerical examples to illustrate the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed algorithms. In addition, time complexity of the two algorithms are conducted to demonstrate their advantages. Finally, we extract five datasets from UCI database and successfully run the algorithms to obtain corresponding reduction results.

The Communicative Function of Legal Transplants in Mixed Legal Systems

The article analyzes the definition of the communicative function of law from the point of view of legal communication between the dependent legal systems of the former colonies. In this context, the “evergreen issue” arises about legal transplantation, the legal transfer of norms and institutions and reception of nomadic legal constructs. The modern comparative lexicon uses three types of metaphors related to the interaction of legal systems and their law hybridization: anthropomorphic, communicative and mechanical metaphors. Among the best-known cases of legal transplantation, the authors pay attention to the spread of codes, the diffusion of common law, and the emergence of mixed legal systems. They explore the positivist concept of “legal transplants,” which appeared in comparative discourse thanks to the theory of Alan Watson. The article discusses the comparative opposition to this theory — the so-called cultural concept of legal transplants (transferists vs. culturalist debate), as well as the musical metaphor “legal transposition” and the process of diffusion of law in dependent legal systems. The practice of legal transplants in mixed common law systems and their application in practice are analyzed in national jurisdictions. The article shows criminal legal bijuridism and the process of the so-called “diffuse codification” in India, Canada, Australia and other British former colonies, which is an example of codistics communication of dissimilar political and legal cultures and circulation of model codes between them. In conclusion, attention is drawn to the discourse of the effectiveness, applicability and effectiveness of transplants. It is concluded that the success — failure discourse of legal transplants depends on the degree of communicativeness of transplanted and receptive constructs, their ability to “speak” in an understandable language for the host cultural environment of law.

L. T. Hobhouse's idea of a European Federation

AbstractThis article discusses L. T. Hobhouse's project for the creation of a new European Federation based on a social‐liberal model of the State without sacrificing the principle of national identity. The nineteenth century, according to Hobhouse, associated the idea of nationality and liberty, and the connection was genuine enough as long as it applied to subject peoples struggling to be free. But that very growth of national consciousness which inspired the struggle for freedom, turned to exclusiveness and imperiousness as soon as it had achieved its end. Nationality has thus turned into an exclusive principle and has become a dominating force in twentieth‐century politics. World War I proved that nationalism was Janus‐faced, promoting first freedom and self‐government, and then international aggression and militarism which are the product of an overstimulation of the sentiment of nationality. For this reason, Hobhouse distinguishes between a negative and a positive meaning of nationality, which he describes as patriotism. Patriotism is a more spontaneous, genuine and deeper feeling of national belonging. It is a part of a ‘sentimental education’ taking place within a national community. This positive conception of patriotism, borrowed from authors such as Thomas Hill Green and Giuseppe Mazzini, is the means by which, as Hobhouse believes, permanent tranquillity may be established in Europe. Using the philosophical idea behind the notion of patriotism, Hobhouse is able to overcome the arguments of the liberal economic cooperation, such as those exposed by Norman Angell, by mixing them with an ethical vision of the community.

Strategies of unicorn startups: how these positive deviants compare to early-stage and Fortune 500 ventures

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to begin to explore the strategic priorities of unicorn ventures as pursuers of market disruption. This study approaches this task by drawing on the positive deviance concept for studying outliers with the intent of understanding the strategic priorities of these ventures.Design/methodology/approachThis is a comparison study of the priorities of 75 unicorn ventures, 37 early-stage ventures and 45 Fortune 500 organizations. The authors use computer-aided text analysis to conduct within-sample and between-sample means comparison tests of 12,487 newswires from 2022.FindingsWhere early-stage ventures emphasize their mission, and Fortune 500 companies emphasize financial results, unicorn ventures, occupy the middle of the spectrum, balancing their priorities between pursuing market disruption and achieving financial results. These high-growth outliers indicate their priorities by using significantly less positive tone, affective and prosocial language, and focusing less on corporate social responsibility initiatives, compared to early-stage ventures (and using more of this language compared to Fortune 500 ventures). An additional finding emphasizes that public Fortune 500 companies focus significantly more on money than their topic of interest.Originality/valueThis work has implications for understanding the strategic priorities of entrepreneurial ventures in different development stages. The results suggest that unicorn ventures actively work to balance their startup mission, which allows them to experience high-growth and achieve market disruption, with the financial demands of venture capital investors. This novel conclusion demonstrates the value of using positively deviant outlier cases, such as unicorn ventures, as a viable sample for studying market disruption.

Explanatory Value of Reason in Public Space: Use and Misuse in Political Speech

In this article, the concept of communicative rationality and its practical application in public debates will be explored. Focusing on the importance of the communicative treatment of reason, validity, and its practical implications, the article critically examines Jürgen Habermas's theory of communicative action and its ethical elements. The potential difficulties of bridging the gap between theory and practice are highlighted by discussing the distinction between theoretical discourse and discursive practice. Through an analysis of Habermas' approach, the paper aims to improve public discourse quality and understand how communicative reason works in practical terms. It considers the pragmatic context of communicative action, the importance of claiming validity, and the process of validating. It discusses the concept of communicative reason in the context of concrete instances of communication, such as public discussion. It emphasizes the importance of communicative reason and the pursuit of the common good in promoting productive discussion and compromise.

A multi-criteria decision-making model for analyzing a project-driven supply chain under interval type-2 fuzzy sets

Reviewing and integrating decisions in the supply chain and project management is crucial. This problem is known as a project-driven supply chain problem. By the growing dependency of project-driven companies on suppliers since they prefer to concentrate on their core and subcontracting processes, the project-based organization's dependence on suppliers has increased. A project-driven supply chain (PDSC) focuses on integrating project management activities into the supply chain. In this paper, a new model is presented for the integration of supply chain and project management decisions. Firstly, a new method is proposed to determine the resilience score of suppliers. This new model consists of three parts: the weighting of criteria, the weighting of experts, and the ranking of suppliers. To give weight to the experts, a new version of the combinative distance-based assessment (CODAS) method is presented based on the average and positive ideal concepts. Also, the importance of the criteria is specified by an expanded best-worst method (BWM). Computing the resilience score of suppliers is done through a developed CODAS method that is extended by the average and positive concepts. Furthermore, in order to consider the uncertainty of project-driven supply chain problems, interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs) are used. Secondly, a new subtraction operation is defined to avoid producing negative in recursive critical path method (CPM) calculations in the IT2F environment. Also, the criticality score of the project's activities is defined. According to the criticality and resilience indexes of activities, suggestions are made to project management to prevent delays. Finally, a case study of hospital construction is solved to illustrate the strengths of the proposed model.

Congruency of multimodal data-driven personalization with shared decision-making for StayFine: individualized app-based relapse prevention for anxiety and depression in young people.

Tailoring interventions to the individual has been hypothesized to improve treatment efficacy. Personalization of target-specific underlying mechanisms might improve treatment effects as well as adherence. Data-driven personalization of treatment, however, is still in its infancy, especially concerning the integration of multiple sources of data-driven advice with shared decision-making. This study describes an innovative type of data-driven personalization in the context of StayFine, a guided app-based relapse prevention intervention for 13- to 21-year-olds in remission of anxiety or depressive disorders (n = 74). Participants receive six modules, of which three are chosen from five optional modules. Optional modules are Enhancing Positive Affect, Behavioral Activation, Exposure, Sleep, and Wellness. All participants receive Psycho-Education, Cognitive Restructuring, and a Relapse Prevention Plan. The personalization approach is based on four sources: (1) prior diagnoses (diagnostic interview), (2) transdiagnostic psychological factors (online self-report questionnaires), (3) individual symptom networks (ecological momentary assessment, based on a two-week diary with six time points per day), and subsequently, (4) patient preference based on shared decision-making with a trained expert by experience. This study details and evaluates this innovative type of personalization approach, comparing the congruency of advised modules between the data-driven sources (1-3) with one another and with the chosen modules during the shared decision-making process (4). The results show that sources of data-driven personalization provide complementary advice rather than a confirmatory one. The indications of the modules Exposure and Behavioral Activation were mostly based on the diagnostic interview, Sleep on the questionnaires, and Enhancing Positive Affect on the network model. Shared decision-making showed a preference for modules improving positive concepts rather than combating negative ones, as an addition to the data-driven advice. Future studies need to test whether treatment outcomes and dropout rates are improved through personalization.

Define and Explain the Concept of Rationality in the Context of Voting and Political Behavior

Voter behavior is the study of how people vote at the time of voting and what factors influence their voting behavior through political participation. According to Harrop and Miller, voting behavior is influenced by the sociological aspects of individuals or societies, such as occupational groups, origins, gender, and age, while for politicians; voting is influenced by political programs and campaigns implemented by politicians. The aim of this research paper is to investigate the rationality of voting and voter behavior in both sociological and political ways and to present the characteristics that should be present in order to vote rationally.

Special Education Master’s Students’ Metaphorical Perceptions of Children Having High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder

In the current study, aimed to determine the metaphorical perceptions of students receiving graduate education in the field of special education about high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. The study employed the phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research techniques, as the research method. The study group consists of 75 students pursuing a master’s degree in the Department of Special Education in the Faculty of Education at five different state universities during the spring term of the 2022-2023 academic year. The participants of the study were selected by using the convenience sampling method. The participants’ perceptions regarding children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder were determined using a data collection tool that included the phrase “Children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder are like... to me; because...” and questions to elicit demographic information of the participants. The data collected from the participants were analyzed using the content analysis method. In this study, the participants, who were master’s students in the Special Education Department, generated 75 metaphors regarding children with a high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. The metaphors derived from the data obtained from the participants were grouped and categorized into 6 categories based on their common characteristics as a result of the review of experts. When the generated metaphors were examined, it was seen that the participating students mostly liken children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder to concepts such as flowers, rainbows, stars, boxes and computers. The study results indicate that the metaphors generated by the participants regarding children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder are generally expressed through positive and concrete concepts

Cognitive Dissonance and the Maintenance of a Positive Self‐Concept among Interracially Partnered Whites

This article analyzes the narratives of 40 partners in white/non‐white interracial relationships about their experiences navigating race across racially homogenous spaces. Both partners of color and white partners constructed rural areas, the South, and suburbs as racially hostile areas they avoided when possible. When discussing the white settings couples frequented socially, however, the narratives of partners of color and white partners diverged. Whereas partners of color characterized these settings as marked by more subtle racism, white partners characterized them as progressive and non‐racist. However, white partners unwittingly contradicted this as they recounted recurrent instances of interpersonal racism. Cognitive dissonance theory posits when individuals' beliefs and/or behaviors are threatening to their self‐concept, they will engage in activities to maintain a positive conception of themselves. Using cognitive dissonance theory as a guiding framework, this article suggests the inconsistencies in whites' narratives reflect a cognitive dissonance in which white partners' self‐concept as progressive and non‐racist is threatened by their association with whites who engage in racist rhetoric. Consequently, white partners dismiss, rationalize, and/or minimize the racism they encounter in order to maintain a positive conception of other whites, and thereby themselves.

The Relationship Between Spiritual Well-Being and Psychological Capital Among Nursing Students: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: University students’ spiritual well-being (SWB) is a potentially decisive factor in strengthening positive concepts, such as psychological capital (PsyCap). Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between SWB and PsyCap among nursing students. Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 383 nursing students of a four-year educational program using a convenience sampling method from July to December 2021 in Iran. The tools applied in this study were the psychological capital (PsyCap) questionnaire and the spiritual well-being scale (SWBS). Pearson’s correlation coefficient and hierarchy of multiple regressions were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed a positive and significant relationship between religious well-being (RWB) and self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience (r ranging from 0.36 to 0.45, P < 0.01). Also, the correlation coefficients between existential well-being (EWB) and self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience (r ranging from 0.41 to 0.61, P < 0.01) were positive and significant. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that two areas of SWB were explained: 26.6%, 37.7%, 29.6%, and 17.9% of the variance in the students’ self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience, respectively. Conclusions: SWB is a substantial issue in promoting the students’ PsyCap, and it is possible to improve their PsyCap through spirituality-based interventions.

THE ROLE OF CORRUPTION EDUCATION IN COMBATING CORRUPTION CRIMES IN THE FUTURE

To reduce corruption in the future, of course, it is necessary to provide anti-corruption education from now on, because education and public awareness are also important components in fighting corruption. The purpose of this paper is to analyze corruption education in combating corruption crimes in the future and handling corruption and anti-corruption education in various countries. The type of research used in this research is normative juridical. Normative juridical research is research that uses the legis positivist conception. Anti-corruption education in the future must be instilled in an integrated manner from primary to tertiary education Anti-corruption education in the future must be instilled in an integrated manner from primary to tertiary education. It is hoped that through education about anti-corruption from an early age, it can create a person who has a more introspective personality, so that when it is time to enter society, children are no longer easily influenced and have sufficient and correct knowledge about anti-corruption. Learning from China, Indonesia should also be able to fight corruption and eradicate this chronic disease from the country. In addition to a strong commitment from the country's leaders and law enforcers, China-style corruption eradication may be applicable in Indonesia. The preventing corruption through education in Indonesia and Malaysia is almost the same, namely through the internalization of anti-corruption values into certain subjects, while Singapore emphasizes more on character education.

Critical thinking and hypothetic-deductive scheme for studying the elements of quantum theory

<span lang="EN-US">The study provided research and experimental verification of the hypothetic-deductive scheme for teaching the theory of quantum physics to secondary school students. The study highlighted the technologies and didactic tools, which help to boost the effectiveness of teaching physics to students and develop their critical thinking. It was found that the hypothetic-deductive scheme is based on the concept of critical rationalism and it has such stages: problem-hypotheses-rational criticism-choice of hypothesis-rational criticism of the new theory-new problem. The study described the stages of its implementation for teaching students the basics of quantum physics. To prove the effectiveness of the suggested scheme, the study carried out a comparative experiment in which 479 students took part (there were 241 students in experimental classes and 238 students in control classes). The statistical procession and interpretation of the experiment results were carried out with Pearson’s Chi-squared test. After the experiment, the quality of learning achievements that corresponds to the sufficient and high levels is 62.87% in the experimental classes, whereas in the control classes this figure is 52.48%. In further prospect, researchers plan to check the effectiveness of the suggested scheme to study other theories, which are studied in secondary school.</span>