Positive Features Research Articles

Exploring the Physicochemical, Antioxidant and Sensory Properties of the Flavoured Virgin Olive Oil With Chavir Extract During Storage

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to study the impact of Ferulago angulata (Schlecht) Boiss (known as an antioxidant known as Chavir) extract, obtained through ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE), on the physicochemical, antioxidant and sensory properties of virgin olive oil (VOO) during a 90‐day storage period at room temperature. For this purpose, different concentrations of Chavir extract (100, 200 and 300 ppm) were added to VOO. Key parameters, including total phenol content (TPC), extract composition by HPLC‐DAD and quality indicators like acidity value (AV), p‐anisidine value (p‐AV) and UV indices (parameters: K232, K270 and ΔK), were determined. AVs increased overall during the storage period, but adding Chavir extract at 300 ppm appeared to counteract the rise in free fatty acids, suggesting a potential role in reducing hydrolysis. p‐AVs decreased in unflavoured and flavoured samples, indicating reduced oxidation in Chavir‐flavoured VOO. K232 values exhibited a decline in the presence of flavouring agents and their concentrations. In contrast, the values of K270 showed an increase over the storage period, which indicated the formation of aldehyde and ketones in the second oxidation step. All samples maintained ΔK values below permissible limits (≥ 0.01), signifying good stability. The sensory evaluation emphasised positive attributes such as bitterness, fruitiness and pungency, indicating the high quality of VOO. The addition of Chavir extract further enhanced all of these positive characteristics, particularly at the 300 ppm concentration. However, a gradual decline was observed in all these attributes over time. Notably, the Chavir extract played a crucial role in delaying the formation of secondary oxidation products, which contribute to negative attributes like rancidity in VOO. Moreover, adding Chavir extract increases oxidative stability, infuses the positive qualities in VOO and provides valuable insights into its potential applications for enhancing the overall quality of VOO during storage. This enhancement not only helps maintain high quality and nutritional value but also makes the product more appealing to consumers.

A Comprehensive Approach for Selecting Third-Party Logistics Providers

The finest third-party logistics (3PL) supplier is a vital decision for businesses trying to streamline their supply chain operations. In order to free up time for businesses to concentrate on their core skills, third-party logistics providers offer a variety of services, such as distribution management, warehousing, and transportation. However, selecting the best 3PL supplier necessitates a rigorous assessment of variables including sector expertise, technical prowess, service quality, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. This introduction discusses the significance of choosing the best 3PL supplier and emphasizes important factors to take into account when making a choice. It is essential since there is a chance that third-party logistics (3PL) provider selection study may boost the supply chain's effectiveness and competitiveness. Firms may make selections that are tailored to their unique requirements by recognizing and assessing the elements that affect the choosing process. Proper 3PL selection may boost market response, save costs, expand the capacity of operations, and improve customer happiness. As a result, research in this field helps to create best practices and strategies that enhance supply chain management and promote entrepreneurship. A multi-criteria decision-making approach called The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is used to rank and choose the best option from a list of options. To determine how closely each alternative resembles the ideal answer, TOPSIS takes into account both positive and negative features. Based on the greatest distance from the inverse idealistic and the lowest distance to the positive ideal, the outcome score is calculated. This approach facilitates decision-making processes in a variety of contexts, such as project prioritization, supplier selection, and investment appraisal. Alternative parameters taken as 3PL-1, 3PL-2, 3PL-3, 3PL-4, 3PL-5. Evaluation parameters taken as Delivery Service (%), Quality of the Customer Experience (Quos), Coverage of the EU Territories (%), Flexibility, and Cost (EUR/km). From the result it is seen that 3PL-2 secures the first rank which is acquired by the TOPSIS method. To secure the first place on the table consistency will be the key factor which was maintained by 3PL-2

Oral Administration of Bioactive Nanoparticulates for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy by Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Restoring Intestinal Microbiota Homeostasis.

The management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to pose significant challenges due to the absence of curative therapies and a high rate of recurrence. Therefore, it is imperative to explore novel approaches to enhance the efficacy of IBD therapy. Herein, a bioactive nanoparticulate s is tailored designed to achieve a "Pull-Push" approach for efficient and safe IBD treatment by integrating reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging (Pull) with anti-inflammatory agent delivery (Push) in the inflammatory microenvironment. The multifunctional nanomedicine, designated MON-PAMAM@SASP, is developed through the encapsulation of sulfasalazine (SASP), a widely utilized clinical drug for the treatment of IBD, within cationic diselenide-bridged mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (MONs) that possess significant antioxidant properties. Herein, poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) endows the original MONs with positive charge characteristics. The MON-PAMAM@SASP not only displays the remarkable capability of neutralizing ROS to ameliorates intestinal damage, but also achieves controllable release of SASP to mitigate intestinal inflammation. Consequently, this nanomedicine effectively mitigates IBD by colitis in mouse models, and our current research has not identified any significant drug toxicity. Beyond regulating inflammatory microenvironment in intestine, treatment with MON-PAMAM@SASP results in increased richness and restores intestinal microbiota homeostasis, thereby mitigating IBD to a certain extent. Together, our work provides a highly versatile "Pull-Push" approach for IBD management and encourages the development of similar nanomedicine to treating multiple inflammatory diseases of gastrointestinal tract.

Factor structure and validation of the electronic form of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in patients with COVID-19

Background and Objectives: Background and Aim: Validity Scale Validation can help identify coronavirus disease patients; therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the validation of the electronic form of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in patients with COVID-19. Methods: This study is instrumental psychometrics that the statistical population includes all patients in 19 cases in Tehran. The number of samples was determined based on psychometric criteria to be 100 for the predictive validity section and 251 for the convergence validity section. Samples were selected by cluster sampling. Research data were collected electronically through two questionnaires of happiness (Oxford) and happiness of positive psychological characteristics by sending the questionnaire link to the participants' mobile phones. To evaluate the validity of the scale, content validity, convergence, and factor analysis methods were used. The reliability of the scale was assessed by internal consistency methods and class reliability. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the researcher-made questionnaire consists of three factors and has good validity and reliability. The second-order confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the three-factor model. This questionnaire was administered along with the short form of the Oxford Happiness Scale, which had 13 items of good reliability and validity. Conclusion: The Oxford Happiness Scale in COVID-19 patients can be used to assess happiness in COVID-19 patients.

Enhancing Financial Reporting Quality: The Influence of Audit Committee Attributes and the Role of Audit Quality

This study to analyze the influence of the positive Characteristics of the audit committee consisting of an independent audit committee, knowledge accountancy audit committee, number meeting audit committee, and size audit committee on quality reporting finance. Besides that For analyzing audit quality strengthening moderation between characteristics of the audit committee with quality reporting finance. Research This uses agency theory which emphasizes the conflict of interest between the principal and agent. Research This is a study associative with using secondary data from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) or via the company website of each sample. The sample collection technique sample uses method purposive sampling. Sample in study This is all over incoming companies The LQ 45 index is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with a total sample of 120 observations. For the test, the hypothesis used MRA analysis with the use of application data. The results of the research include the independent audit committee, knowledgeaccountancy audit committee, number meeting audit committee, and the number of influential audit committees for quality reporting finance. Companies that use Big Four auditors can strengthen the connection between the independent audit committee and knowledge accountancy audit committee on quality reporting finance whereas companies that use Big 4 auditors weaken the connection amount meeting audit committee and the amount audit committee on quality reporting finance.

Compare nasal endoscopy with Computed Tomography scans for chronic rhinosinusitis detection in adult Iraqi patients

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is often diagnosed based on clinical features. Assurance in this context is based on the finding of inflammatory features during nasal endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) scans of the paranasal sinuses. While a CT scan is considered the most reliable method, research has shown that nasal endoscopy is also valuable and can sometimes provide additional information to supplement the CT scan in diagnosing CRS. Objective: The study goal was to demonstrate the comparative reliability of nasal endoscopy and computed tomography scans in diagnosing chronic rhinosinusitis in adult patients treated at Baqubah Teaching Hospital. Patients and Methods: The study sample consisted of consecutive adult participants clinically diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis. Patients who had a computed tomography scan of the paranasal sinuses and a nasal endoscopy during three months were the subjects of this investigation; the outcomes were linked. Results: Study results exhibit that the most prevalent symptoms seen in the study participants were nasal discharge and nasal obstruction, reported by 95% and 90%, respectively; the most prevailing observation during nasal endoscopy was middle meatus purulent discharge, noticed in 58% of the patients. Maxillary sinus was most often affected, seen in 65% of the patients on a CT scan, and 40% had obstruction of the osteomeatal complex on CT imaging. The nasal endoscopy had a sensitivity of 73.3%, specificity of 85.3%, positive predictive value of 92.7%, and negative predictive value of 55.8%. The research also found no significant differences in positive predictive value (PPV) between nasal endoscopy and CT scan. In contrast, the sensitivity of nasal endoscopy was significantly greater than that of CT scan. Conclusion: The study found that nasal endoscopic findings for patients with positive clinical features were purulent (cream-colored) discharge and middle meatus polyps, which is sufficient for diagnosing chronic rhinosinusitis; the study showed that Nasal endoscopy is almost as accurate as CT scans and CT scan findings are well correlates with sinus endoscopy, due to its precision, cheap cost, and radiation dosage.

Hydrodynamic performance comparison of planing catamarans with mono-hulls using numerical and experimental methods

This study addresses the hydrodynamic performance of high-speed planing catamarans compared to equivalent mono-hulls using numerical simulations and experimental validation. The study includes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyse the hydrodynamic behaviour of the catamarans under various operating conditions, such as different speeds, deadrise angles, and static trim angles. Comparison of the numerical simulation results with model tests reveals that the numerical results for the resistance of planing catamarans at high speeds deviate significantly from the experimental data due to strong spray. This discrepancy is systematic (rather than random) and has been recognised and modified. The modified numerical results are sufficiently accurate for further pursuit. Generally, the resistance of a planing catamaran compared to an equivalent planing mono-hull is significantly larger, approximately 25–60 %, while the absolute sinkage is lower. A positive feature of the catamaran is its ability to prevent porpoising instability, especially in boats with a small deadrise angle. Choosing a planing catamaran over a mono-hull must offer other substantial advantages, such as better seakeeping performance, which compensate the higher resistance.

Interpretations of Generic Versus Comparative Statements About Groups: Similarities and Differences

We compare interpretations of two kinds of statements that are important for stereotype transmission: generics (e.g., “women are helpful”) and comparatives (e.g., “women are more helpful than men”). Participants ( N = 338) read and interpreted generic or comparative statements about positive and negative features of gender (Experiment A) and age groups (Experiment B). We found similarities and differences. Participants interpreted both generics and comparatives as conveying information not only about the target (women in the example) but also about the referent (men in the example), whether the statement explicitly mentioned the referent (in comparatives) or not (in generics). When statements said something positive (negative) about the target, they also communicated a rather negative (positive) view of the referent. Remarkably, although comparatives explicitly contrast groups while generics do not, generics implied bigger differences between the groups and provoked more extreme assumptions about the groups. We discuss implications for stereotype transmission.

Concepción de estudiantes de secundaria integradain Rio de Janeiro sobre fortalezas de carácter y virtudes

Strengths and virtues are defined as positive characteristics that have moral value. The objectiveof this research wasto investigate the conception of the students of Integrated Technical High School on strengths and virtues, if there is a difference between the conception between female and male students, how they understand the role of strengths and virtues in the choice and performance of the future technical profession and if the perception of the concept differs from the literature.Participated 21 students, 10 girls and 11 boys from the first year of different coursesfrom a Brazilianpublic educational institution.Two focus groups were held on different dates. The results showed thatconceptions brought by the students are related to characteristics responsible for promoting personal and academic goals for current and future situationstotheir professional career.The data obtained can contribute to actions, expanding the possibilities of applying positive psychology in the school context as a resource favorable to learning and the development of strengths and virtues.Prospective research can investigate the impact of strengths and virtues with constructions related to the concept investigated in the present studywith the use of instruments that can collaborate with qualitative data presented.

Automorphisms of surfaces over fields of positive characteristic

Automorphisms of surfaces over fields of positive characteristic

Flight Control Based on Adaptive Output Feedback for Quadrotors Using Quaternions

Quadrotors are expected to play an active role in out-of-sight areas such as equipment inspection and transportation of supplies to disaster areas. However, ensuring stable and highly accurate automatic flights has become a significant challenge. Trajectory tracking control methods that combine adaptive output feedback control based on almost strictly positive real characteristics and backstepping strategy have been proposed for a quadrotor control system with nonlinearities. These methods have simple structures and are robust. However, existing adaptive control methods have the problem of singularities, owing to the use of Euler angles in the modeling of quadrotors. In this paper, we propose an adaptive control method that enables a wider range of attitude changes using quaternions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through numerical simulations.

Fish resilience as an ethical issue.

Fish resilience can be understood as the capacity of fish to successfully respond to a challenge so that they are able to function and flourish in much the same way as they did prior to the occurrence of the challenge. Resilience is a function not only of individual fish, but also of a whole fish population. Enhancing the resilience of fish requires both adapting the robustness of the animals and adapting the (production) environment to the specific needs of the fish. Rather than a mere biological capacity of fish, resilience also comes with ethical questions. These questions occur at four levels. First, in practice resilience often comes with a "rhetoric" of optimalization. The view that aquaculture that strives for resilient fish is good for both fish welfare and production is inherently normative. It assumes a 'win-win situation', but thereby makes certain normative assumptions. Second, especially when the win-win situation is not achievable, resilience means making trade-offs between preferred responses to challenges from the perspective of individual animals and groups or between individual housing and larger aquaculture systems. Third, the discussions on resilience and fish demonstrate the need to move beyond an animal welfare framework when discussing the treatment of fish in aquaculture. Recently, animal ethics has seen a turn towards centering animals' own agency. This means that we should not only focus on improving animal welfare, but also on asking what the animals themselves want and how they can be given more control over their situation. This may also impact the definition of resilience and how it is made operational. Finally, the use of the concept of resilience may reveal a certain moral outlook with regard to fish. On the one hand, resilience is portrayed as a positive characteristic of animals that enables improvement of the quality of life of fish. At the same time, it raises the question of how far we should stretch the "manufacturability" of fish. When we physically adapt animals so that they can cope with difficult circumstances we may be stretching moral boundaries. For example, this raises the objection that we are instrumentalizing animals. In this article, we reflect on these types of ethical issues and aim to show that the ethical dimensions of resilience need to be taken into account by professionals in aquaculture in order to make resilience operational and to contribute to a responsible interaction with fish in aquaculture.

The use of the species Triticum petropavlovskyi Udacz. et Migusch. to expand the genetic diversity of spring bread wheat

Background. The species Triticum petropavlovskyi Udacz. et Migusch. has a number of positive traits, but has rarely been used in breeding programs to improve bread wheat cultivars. The introgression of genetic material from this species into the Triticum aestivum L. gene pool will not only expand the genetic diversity of bread wheat with a set of traits valuable for breeders, but also help to analyze the expression of genes from T. petropavlovskyi in a new genetic environment. Materials and methods. Spring bread wheat lines L163 and L164 produced with the participation of bread wheat cv. ‘Voevoda’ and an accession of T. petropavlovskyi were target materials of the study. Conventional methods were applied to perform phenological, phytopathological, genetic, and bread quality evaluations. Statistical processing of the resulting data was carried out using the Agros-2.10 software. Results. L163 and L164 were studied for their morphological and phenological indicators, resistance to pathogens, productivity, and grain quality. Differences in a number of traits between the lines and the recipient cultivar were observed. The introgression of the T. petropavlovskyi genetic material into bread wheat showed both positive and negative effects on some agronomic characteristics. L163 was identified for its resistance to the pathogens of leaf rust and powdery mildew, and tolerance to cereal aphids. It combined high productivity with an increased grain protein content compared to the recipient cultivar. In addition, this line demonstrated good rheological properties of its dough. Conclusion. Merging genetic materials from T. petropavlovskyi and bread wheat cv. ‘Voevoda’ made it possible to produce lines with a set of positive characteristics. The selected line, L163, combined effective resistance to a number of diseases, high grain productivity, and good breadmaking qualities, so it was included in the breeding process.

From trait affect to situated performance of change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior: the pathway through situational construal and emotion utilization

Prior studies indicate that fostering change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (OCB-CH) among employees, wherein they actively contribute to the collective welfare of modern organizations, correlates positively with their positive affect. However, the precise mechanisms linking trait positive affect with OCB-CH remain unclear. This study used aggregated 5-day daily diary data from a sample of 236 full-time employees in Greece to examine positive affectivity differences in the characteristics of situational experiences and how these differences relate to employee OCB-CH via the use of emotions to facilitate performance. Employing multilevel structural equation modeling, the findings revealed a positive association between trait positive affectivity and the situation characteristics of duty, intellect, and positivity, from the DIAMONDS taxonomy. Furthermore, it was determined that perceptions of situational characteristics and emotional utilization sequentially mediated the relationship between positive affectivity and OCB-CH. This study enhances our understanding of how employee trait positive affectivity influences the manifestation of positive change in the form of OCB-CH within organizations.

Evaluating Speech-Language Pathologists' Knowledge of Functional Speech Disorders

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to offer an evaluation of speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') experiences with and knowledge of functional speech disorders. Functional speech disorders occur as a part of functional neurological disorders, a complex disorder that is often overlooked and misdiagnosed. Through an assessment of experience with and common myths about functional speech disorders among SLPs, the importance of providing education to SLPs about this patient population is discussed. Method: As a part of the presentation about functional speech disorders during the 2023 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Health Care Summit, 122 participants were asked to anonymously respond to a series of questions that outlined their demographics, training in functional speech disorders, and experiences with this patient population. Descriptive data are presented. Results and Conclusions: Among attendees, 58% were exposed to functional speech disorders in graduate school while 75% had seen a patient with a functional speech disorder, most of whom had also diagnosed the patients' communication disorder. This study highlights the role of the SLP in identifying and managing functional speech disorders and the increased attention this patient population has received over time, as well as the work yet to be done. Functional speech disorders are a legitimate clinical entity, for which a diagnosis can be made based on positive clinical features (i.e., is not a diagnosis of exclusion). The call to action includes guidance for clinicians, educators, and academic training programs to support this patient population. See the Appendix for a plain language summary.

Optimization, imaging and LHE analysis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles synthesized with carambola extract as natural dye sensitizer

This work explores the enhancement of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by using magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) that have been green-synthesized, with carambola extract acting as a natural dye sensitizer. Green synthesis minimizes the negative effects of traditional synthesis methods on the environment by providing a sustainable and ecologically friendly way to produce MgO NPs. To increase their effectiveness in DSSC applications, the synthesized nanoparticles underwent optimization. The morphology and size distribution of MgO NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed spherical forms with a consistent size distribution. The crystalline nature of the MgO NPs was verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which revealed distinctive peaks that correspond to the bulk MgO crystal planes. A band gap of 3.5 eV, appropriate for UV region absorption, was found using UV–visible spectroscopy. FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy revealed information about their molecular compositions. Positive electronic characteristics, such as a negative total energy change (ΔE_T) and a high electrophilicity index (ω), which indicates effective charge transfer, were found through computational analysis. The light harvesting efficiency (LHE) value of 0.00459 signifies optimal light absorption capability by the dye molecule. The outcomes show that MgO NPs that have undergone green synthesis have the potential to be efficient and stable sensitizers for DSSCs. In addition to highlighting the significance of green synthesis techniques in nanomaterial research for renewable energy applications, this work advances the development of efficient and sustainable solar energy systems.

A SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT IN ECONOMIC PROCEEDINGS

The article examines a settlement agreement as one of conciliation procedures in economic proceedings. For reconciliation, the parties must take active joint actions to achieve a result. It was revealed that the procedure for the reconciliation of the parties and the content of the settlement agreement are not and cannot be established by the current procedural legislation, since it is actually a negotiation process that is impractical to regulate in detail. However, the draft settlement agreement as a result of joint efforts is submitted to the court for further approval, and approval is not a formal, automatic act of the court. Domestic procedural codes are analyzed and it is proven that the grounds for a judge’s refusal to approve a settlement agreement are clearly established by the procedural law, but are not identical in different laws. It is proposed to supplement Article 192 of the Economic Procedural Code of Ukraine with such reasons for refusing to approve a settlement agreement as "the terms of the agreement do not meet the interests of society" and “there are reasonable grounds to believe that the conclusion of the agreement was not voluntary, or the parties have not reconciled”. The author agrees with the position that the parties to the settlement agreement should reach a compromise on all important substantative legal issues that belong to the subject of the dispute and can be implemented by the participants in the case. On the other hand procedural issues cannot be a part of the settlement agreement. It is proposed to highlight the following positive features of the settlement agreement: 1) the settlement agreement allows the parties to resolve the conflict without a lengthy court process, saving time and resources of business and the judicial system; 2) the settlement agreement gives the parties the opportunity to go beyond the requirements and independently choose the terms of dispute resolution; 3) resolving the dispute through an settlement agreement contributes to maintaining good business relations between the parties; 4) settlement agreements reduce the burden on the judicial system; 5) the use of settlement agreements by Ukrainian business entities increases the competitiveness of the Ukrainian business environment in the world. The task of the court is to prevent abuses in the process of concluding a settlement agreement and the infringement of the interests of the parties as well as other persons.

About the characteristic features of Russians (territorial and settlement aspect)

Relevance. In the post-Soviet era, changes in the consciousness and behavior of the masses of people became inevitable. The study of the structure of characteristic features (consciousness and behavior) of Russians (both positive and negative) in modern conditions is of great scientific and practical interest.The purpose is to use sociological materials to identify the hierarchical structure of characteristic positive and negative traits (consciousness and behavior) of Russians, including by territorial settlement groups.Objectives: to analyze the assessments of positive and negative traits inherent, in the opinion of respondents, to people of their generation; to identify their hierarchical structure and characteristics by territorial settlement groups.Methodology. The sociological survey and the sampling method, methods of grouping data, their analysis and generalization, and correlation analysis were used.Results. The leading features (both positive and negative) inherent, in the opinion of respondents, to people of their generation are revealed, as well as the relationships between them by territorial settlement groups are revealed.Conclusions. The positive features that have taken the leading places indicate the high potential of humanism and harmonious personality development among the majority of Russians. The negative traits that took the leading places indicate a relatively low level of sociality, social empathy and social responsibility of significant masses of people (according to respondents' estimates). However, the respondents' overall assessment of people of their generation is predominantly positive, which gives grounds for social optimism. At the same time, although the differences between territorial settlement groups in both positive and negative features are not antagonistic, they can be the basis for elements of contradictions and conflicts. Consistent active work of advanced social forces is necessary, first of all, by means of education to strengthen the positive traits of people as a "situationally dominant factor" and a center of attraction, a positive pole, especially for the younger generations.

Combination of low-dose, long-term immunoglobulin and mirtazapine is effective in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by JC virus infection

BackgroundProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an often fatal disease of the central nervous system caused by opportunistic infection of John Cunningham Polyomavirus (JCV). There’s still no antiviral therapeutic strategy which was generally recognized as effective. The prognosis may differ in patients with different pathological mechanisms and treatments. We aim to report the effectiveness of combined treatment of low-dose, long-term immunoglobulin and mirtazapine in a pathologically proved PML case.Case presentationA patient presented with progressive acalculia, right-left confusion and visual neglection was recorded. She received 10-year immunosuppressive therapy for dermatomyositis. White matter lesions located in bilateral parietal lobe and callosum area symmetrically in MR scanning. JC virus analysis and brain biopsy in left parietal lobe were performed. The number of JCV copies was 2595 in CSF and 282,809 in brain specimen. Abundant foamy macrophages and the lymphatic cells were obvious in immunohistochemistry staining. Few SV-40 positive JC infected cell and more CD4 + and CD68 + cells were predominant. Immunosuppressive drugs were terminated after being diagnosed as PML for positive JCV and pathological characteristics. In addition, immunoglobulin (5 g/day) and mirtazapine (45 mg/day) were used. JC virus in CSF decreased to 0 after treatment for 4 months and was still negative in June 2023. The clinical symptoms improved, and white matter lesions recovered significantly.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that the combination treatment of IVIG and mirtazapine was effective in PML. Low-dose, long-term immunoglobulin might regulate the immune status in our case with controlled inflammatory reaction instead of destructive virus spreading. The therapy may be a prospective option for PML.

“The Foreman Judges for Money, the Clerk Writes for Wine”: Abuses of Power by Officials of the Peasant Self-Government of the Tomsk Governorate on the Pages of the Newspaper “Altai Life” (1911–1914)

The author examines the problem of authority abuse by officials of peasant self-government bodies in the Tomsk Governorate. While numerous studies have explored this topic, they have usually relied on statistical reports and materials from ethnographic expeditions as primary sources. Unfortunately, periodicals have been underutilized as historical sources due to the challenges of collecting and processing substantial amounts of information. Consequently, valuable insights into the maladministration of local authorities have been overlooked, as newspapers contain a wealth of related data. To address this gap, the author of the article studied all 1 111 issues of the daily newspaper “Life of Altai” from 1911 to 1914. Among these issues, 109 (10 %) contained publications about officials, including volost foremen, volost clerks, village headmen, village clerks, sotskii, and desyatskii. Only five of these notes had positive characteristics, while the rest discussed minor shortcomings and gross violations. The article concludes that the newspaper’s accusatory publications drew attention to the problem of providing personnel for local peasant selfgovernment. Officials were forced to publish refutations and adjust their behavior to maintain their positions. In cases of gross and repeated abuses, higher authorities ordered inspections, the results of which, as a rule, dismissed the peasants from their positions. The author proved that the newspaper “Life of Altai” was an effective means of combating abuses by rural and volost officials.