Positive Bacterial Strains Research Articles

Uropathogenic Bacterial Detection and Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern in Urine Specimens Referred to Al anbar Province

For clinicians treating patients, antimicrobial resistance is becoming a significant concern. This brief study was therefore conducted to find out how common it is for bacterial isolates that are resistant to multiple drugs (MDR), XDR, and PDR, as well as extensively drug-resistant (XDR), in Anbar hospital. The microbiology department cultivated the clinical samples and identified the bacterial strains. The detection of MDR, XDR, and PDR microorganisms was accomplished by analyzing the antibiotic susceptibility profile of various bacterial isolates. 257 children and adult patients from both sexes were included in this study. The total number of urine samples that gave positive bacterial culture results were 114 (44.4%) and the number of samples that gave negative results was 143(55.6%) . The antibiotic susceptibility profile of 114 bacterial strains was studied. 90(78.9) of gram-negative bacteria strains were MDR, (8.9%) (72.2%) XDR, and (18.9%) PDR was isolated. 24 (21.1%) Gram positive bacterial egative bacteria strains were MDR, (33.3%) (54.2%) XDR, and (12.5%) PDR was isolated. To effectively combat the threat of antibiotic resistance, all clinical microbiology laboratories need to closely monitor MDR, XDR, and PDR.

Uropathogenic Bacterial Detection and Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern in Urine Specimens Referred to Al anbar Province

For clinicians treating patients, antimicrobial resistance is becoming a significant concern. This brief study was therefore conducted to find out how common it is for bacterial isolates that are resistant to multiple drugs (MDR), XDR, and PDR, as well as extensively drug-resistant (XDR), in Anbar hospital. The microbiology department cultivated the clinical samples and identified the bacterial strains. The detection of MDR, XDR, and PDR microorganisms was accomplished by analyzing the antibiotic susceptibility profile of various bacterial isolates. 257 children and adult patients from both sexes were included in this study. The total number of urine samples that gave positive bacterial culture results were 114 (44.4%) and the number of samples that gave negative results was 143(55.6%) . The antibiotic susceptibility profile of 114 bacterial strains was studied. 90(78.9) of gram negative bacteria strains were MDR, (8.9%) ,(72.2%) XDR, and (18.9%)PDR was isolated. 24 (21.1%)Gram positive bacterial egative bacteria strains were MDR, (33.3%) ,(54.2%) XDR, and (12.5%) PDR was isolated. To effectively combat the threat of antibiotic resistance, all clinical microbiology laboratories need to closely monitor MDR, XDR, and PDR.

Prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in intensive care units at Tripoli University Hospital, Tripoli, Libya

ABSTRACT Among hospitalized patients worldwide, infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to isolate MDR bacteria from five intensive care units (ICUs) at Tripoli University Hospital (TUH). A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted over a seven-month period (September 2022 to March 2023) across five ICUs at TUH. A total of 197 swabs were collected from Patients’, healthcare workers’ and ICUs equipment. Samples collected from patients were nasal swabs, oral cavity swabs, hand swabs, sputum specimens, skin swabs, umbilical venous catheter swabs, and around cannula. Swabs collected from health care workers were nasal swabs, whereas ICUs equipment’s samples were from endotracheal tubes, oxygen masks, and neonatal incubators. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test was confirmed by using MicroScan auto SCAN 4 (Beckman Coulter). The most frequent strains were Gram negative bacilli 113 (57.4%) with the predominance of Acinetobacter baumannii 50/113 (44%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 44/113 (40%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6/113 (5.3%). The total Gram positive bacterial strains isolated were 84 (42.6%), coagulase negative Staphylococci 55 (66%) with MDRs (89%) were the most common isolates followed by Staphylococcus aureus 15 (17.8%). Different antibiotics were used against these isolates; Gram- negative isolates showed high resistance rates to ceftazidime, gentamicin, amikacin and ertapenem. A. baumannii were the most frequent MDROs (94%), and the highest resistance rates in Gram-positive strains were observed toward ampicillin, oxacillin, ampicillin/sulbactam and Cefoxitin, representing 90% of total MDR Gram-positive isolates. ESBL and MRS were identified in most of strains. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance was high for both Gram negative and Gram positive isolates. This prevalence requires strict infection prevention and control intervention, continuous monitoring, implementation of effective antibiotic stewardship, immediate, concerted and collaborative action to monitor its prevalence and spread in the hospital.

Anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of chemically fingerprinted extract from Cyclamen persicum Mill.

In the last few decades, researchers have thoroughly studied the use of plants in Palestine, one of them is Cyclamen persicum Mill. (C. persicum). Cyclamen persicum has been historically cultivated since the 1700s due to its tuber. The tuber is known to stimulate the nasal receptors, thus triggering the sensory neurons. Cyclamen persicum has anti-inflammatory effects, reduces cholesterol levels, treats diabetes, and inhibits tumor growth. In this respect, in-vitro examination of antibacterial and anticancer activities and antioxidative potency of C. persicum ethanolic extract were evaluated. The antioxidative potency of the extracted plant material was determined spectrophotometrically using the DPPH free radical scavenging method and the HPLC–PDA method to evaluate its total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The experimental results demonstrated limited antibacterial activity of C. persicum extract against both gram negative (E. coli) and gram positive (Streptococcus and S. aureus) bacterial strains, with the observed zones of inhibition measuring less than 8 mm. On the other hand, powerful activity against MCF7 breast cancer as well as HT29 colon cancer cell lines was obtained. The findings also revealed potent inhibition of free radicals and the presence of maximal levels of natural products such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which supportits biological activities and powerful ability to scavenge free radicals. HPLC results showed the presence of numerous flavonoid and phenolic compounds such as rutin, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, trans-cinnamic acid, quercetin, sinapic acid, and p-coumaric acid.

Cobalt, Copper and Magnesium Doped Nickel Zinc Nanoferrites by Solution-Combustion Method: Structural, Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties

The nickel zinc nanoferrites with configurationNi0.45Zn0.55–xMxFe2O4were achieved where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 and M = Cobalt, Copper, Magnesiumusing solution-combustion method by availing sucrose as a fuel. The procured nanoferrites were investigated forstructural properties using TEM, antibacterial and antifungal propertiesby Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Test also calledas Agar diffusion method. The synthesized nanoferrites were tested for their antibacterial activities against Gram negative (Escherichiacoli) and Gram positive (Bacillus cerus) bacterial strains. Also, investigation was evaluated for their antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. Against Bacillus cerus, sample Ni0.45 Zn0.45Cu0.1Fe2O4 showed maximum antibacterial activity. The maximum antifungal activity was observed for Ni0.45 Zn0.35Co0.2Fe2O4.

One-Step Synthesis of Biocompatible Thiosemicarbazone Functionalized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: Evaluation of Enhanced Antibacterial Activity

Organic–inorganic hybrid bioactive nanomaterials were sonochemically synthesized by covalent anchoring of 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazone on the surface of CuO nanoparticles using two different approaches. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by a combination of physico-chemical and spectroscopic techniques. The synergetic bactericidal activity of CuO and thiosemicarbazone moieties in prepared nanomaterials was tested in vitro using the zone inhibition methods against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were also determined. Results prove that CuO and functionalized CuO nanoparticles synthesized by the sonochemical method in present study show improved antibacterial activities and they could be used in the design of more efficient antibacterial materials for pharmaceutical applications.

Synthesis, Identification, Biological Evaluation of Seven-membered Heterocyclic Derivatives from 2,3-di Chloroaniline

This study?s focus was centered on the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds incorporating a seven-membered ring, specifically 1,3-oxazepine. The initial phase of the synthesis involved the preparation of azo compound (1) through the coupling of the diazonium salt of 2,3-dichloroaniline with 4-bromoacetophenone in an alkaline alcoholic medium. This was then succeeded by the reaction of azo compound (1) with 4-nitroaniline and 4-methoxyaniline in absolute ethanol, employing glacial acetic acid as a catalyst, resulting in Schiff base derivatives (2) and (3), respectively. Subsequent to this, Schiff base (2) was reacted with phthalic anhydride and maleic anhydride, as well as succinic anhydride, in a dehydrated benzene environment, leading to the formation of heterocyclic seven-membered compounds (4), (5), and (6), respectively. Finally, Schiff base (3) was subjected to reaction with phthalic anhydride and maleic anhydride, as well as succinic anhydride, in dry benzene, resulting in the synthesis of heterocyclic seven-membered compounds (7), (8), and (9) respectively. Each of these synthesized compounds underwent characterization through Fourier-transform infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis, and the progress of reactions was monitored through Rf and thin-layer chromatography techniques. Melting points were recorded as part of the characterization process. In addition, an investigation into the biological activity of these compounds was conducted against both positive and negative bacterial strains.. KEYWORDS :Azo compounds, Oxazepine, Schiff bases.

Phytochemical evaluation and exploration of some biological activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of two species of the genus Plantago L.

Plantago major L. and Plantago lagopus L. are cosmopolitan species, belonging to the Plantaginaceae family, used in traditional and modern medicine. In this study, a phytochemical evaluation of different aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves and roots of both species from the region of Beja in Tunisia was performed. Some biological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial were also done. LC-MS qualitative analysis revealed that the aqueous extracts of the roots of P. lagopus were richer in polyphenols, mainly flavonoids (Luteoline 7-rutinoside, Luteoline 7-rhamnoside) and hydroxycinnamic acids including caffeic acid, than the hydro-ethanolic extracts. Additionally, we identified for the first time the presence of salicylic acid in the hot aqueous extracts of roots of P. lagopus and its absence in the roots of P. major. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was assessed using cyclic voltammetry (CV), revealing that the voltammograms of leaf and root extracts from P. lagopus exhibited a higher antioxidant capacity compared to those of P. major. Antiproliferative activity, was determined against two-colon cancer cell lines, demonstrated that only the 12 h treatments with P. lagopus leaf and root aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts at low concentration were able to significantly reduce the colon carcinoma coli-2 (CaCo-2) cells proliferation. The antibacterial /antibiofilm activity was performed on yeast, Gram- negative and +positive bacterial strains. We demonstrated for the first time that ethanolic extracts of leaves and roots of P. lagopus have an inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia at MIC = 2 μg/mL for leaves and 4 μg/mL for roots.

Essential oils from Anethum graveolens L. and their phytotoxic and antibiofilm potential

Essential oils (EOs) from inflorescences (EO-i), stems (EO-s) and leaves (EO-l) of Anethum graveolens are analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The main components are α-phellandrene (51.44%) and p-cymene (22.65%) in the EO-i, p-cymene (50.75%) and α-phellandrene (35.73%) in EO-s and p-cymene (40.01%) and α-phellandrene (36.38%) in EO-l. The phytotoxic activity was tested against germination and growth of aerial parts and roots of dicotyledones (Sinapis arvensis and Trifolium campestre) and monocotyledone (Lolium multiflorum) weeds. The EOs proved to be particularly active against S. arvensis and T. campestre, causing total inhibition of germination and growth at the highest doses (2.0 and 1.5 μL/mL) with IC50 values included between 0.3 and 1.6 mg/mL. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activity was tested against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram negative (Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) pathogenic bacterial strains. EOs presented MICs lower than those of Tetracycline (20-24 mg/mL) against most bacterial strains (from 4 to 6 mg/mL). EOs were found to be active in inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation with IC50 values between 1.47 and 3.85 mg/mL. The activity against bacterial metabolism occurred for EO-i and EO-s against A. baumannii and E. coli with IC50 between 0.99 and 5.39 mg/mL. This investigation provides data about the chemical variation among different parts of A. graveolens and encourages the use of its EOs as natural phytotoxic and antibacterial agents in agriculture, food and pharmaceutical sectors.

Earliest observation of the tetracycline destructase tet(X3).

We present the earliest observation of a tet(X3)-positive bacterial strain, predating by many years the earliest reports of this gene so far. This finding is significant as tigecycline is an antibiotic of last resort for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), which the World Health Organization ranks as one of its top three critical priority pathogens, and tet(X3) variants have become the most prevalent genes responsible for enabling CRAB to become tigecycline resistant. Moreover, the tet(X3)-positive strain we report is the first and only to be found that predates the commercialization of tigecycline, an antibiotic that was thought to have contributed to the emergence of this resistance gene. Understanding the factors contributing to the origin and spread of novel antibiotic resistance genes is crucial to addressing the major global public health issue, which is antimicrobial resistance.

S‐Substituted Oxadiazoles: A Multi‐Faceted Approach to Synthesis, Enzyme Inhibition, and Antibacterial Properties

AbstractAntibiotic resistance (AR) is one of the most serious global health issues today. Antibiotic abuse in the medical, veterinary, and agricultural industries, including incorrect antibiotic prescribing, overuse in the livestock industry, and poor cleanliness practices in hospitals, all contribute to the emergence of AR. Antibacterial drugs are derived from bacteria or molds or are synthesized de novo. In the present study, S‐substituted derivatives of 5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2‐thiol (6 a‐p) were synthesized, fully characterized, and assessed for their inhibitory potential against various Gram‐negative and positive bacterial strains. The compounds demonstrated potent inhibition activity against all selected bacterial strains P. aeroginosa (−), E. coli (−), K. pneumonae (−), S. typhi (−), S. aureus (+), and B. subtilis (+) in comparison to standard ciprofloxacin drug. Among the synthesized derivatives, compounds 6 e and 6 o exhibited high selectivity and potency against the S. typhi (−) strain. The library 6 a‐o was also evaluated for in vitro chymotrypsin enzyme inhibitory activity, and all derivatives displayed weak inhibition potential in contrast to standard chymostatin (IC50 = 8.24±0.11 μM). Studies such as this one may aid in designing and discovering potential antibacterial agents for treating various bacterial infections.

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial activity of Essential Oils from Fruits of Vismia baccifera and Vismia macrophylla Collected at different Locations in Venezuelan Andes

Background: Genus Vismia (Hipericaceae/Clusiaceae) is distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical areas of Central America and South America although some species have been reported in Africa as well. Species of this genus have been used in traditional medicine to alleviate different ailments such as skin infections, to treat urinary tract disorders, as antirrheumatic, antipyretic, among others. Previous investigations have revealed that species from Vismia genus are composed mainly of terpenes, anthrones, lignans, flavonoids, anthraquinones, steroids and xanthones. The purpose of the investigation was to determine the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from the fruits of V. baccifera and V. macrophylla collected in Venezuelan Andes. Methods: Vimia species were collected at different locations in Mérida and Táchira state, Venezuela. Essential oils were obtained through Hidrodistilation and chemical compositon was performed by GC and GC/MS techniques. Antimicrobial analysis was carried out by disc diffusion assays. Results: GC and GC/MS analysis showed that these species are mainly composed of sesquiterpenes being α-curcumene, β-curcumene, germacrene D, γ-bisabolene and β-caryophyllene among the major components. Antimicrobial activity was also performed with species under investigation. Results showed a broad spectrum of activity since both species were able to inhibit not only Gram- positive (Stpahylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) but yeast (Candida albicans and Candida krusei) as well. Conclusions: According to the results observed in the investigation, Vismia species might be considered as an alternative to aid infectious diseases.

Synthesis of new thiazolyl-thienyl and thiazolyl-thiadiazolyl ketones: Molecular modelling and docking studies as antimicrobial agents

Eight thiazolyl-thienyl and thiazolyl-thiadiazolyl ketones 5a-d and 6a-d were synthesized based on the reaction of 5-(2-bromoacetyl)-4-methyl-2-(methylamino)thiazole (2) and/or N-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-2-(methylamino)thiazol-5-yl)-2-oxoacetohydrazonoyl bromide (3) with four various thiocarbamoyl compounds 4a-d. The synthesized thiazolyl-thienyl and thiazolyl-thiadiazolyl ketones were optimized using DFT approach offered analogous models in which the thiazolyl, thienyl and thiazolyl nuclei have a planar structure. The HOMO and LUMO of studied hybrids have been consisted mainly of the π- and π*-orbitals of the whole molecule, respectively. Hence, the thiazolyl-thiadiazolyl ketones revealed smaller energy gap (ΔEH-L) than the thiazolyl-thienyl derivatives and may be sorted as 5c < 6c < 6a ≈ 6d < 6b < 5a < 5b < 5d. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized ketones 5 and 6 was examined against representative Gram’s positive and negative bacterial strains along with fungal strains. The amide-thiazolyl thienyl 5d and the nitrile-thiazolyl thiadiazolyl 6a ketones displayed the highest activity against S. aureus and S. pneumoniae, respectively. Conversely, the nitrile-thiazolyl thienyl ketone 5a demonstrated good efficiency against A. fumigatus. Moreover, in-silico molecular docking stimulation was applied to discover the metabolic effectiveness associated to methicillin resistance through the methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus over (PDB:3VSL).

Molecular Docking, Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of 4-[(3 hydroxybenzalidene)amino]antipyrine and its Copper Complex

The synthesis and characterization of Schiff base-containing transition metal complexes have gained increasing importance due to their catalytic roles in various reactions and their biological activities. These metal complexes have become crucial in drug design, leading to a growing interest in metal-based drugs. The study aimed to synthesize copper metal complex with a new Schiff base ligand 4-[(3-hydroxybenzalidene)amino]antipyrine derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, as well as evaluate their antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. The ligand and its copper complex were assessed for antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative strains utilizing disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. Spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, and EDXRF), solubility tests, and elemental analysis were employed to investigate the ligand and copper complex. The ligand displayed high insolubility in various solvents but had limited solubility in chloroform and methyl chloride. The FTIR spectrum of the Schiff base reveals the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons, imine (C=N), hydroxyl (-OH), secondary amine (C-N), carbonyl (C=O), and vibrations associated with C-O and C-C bonds, reflecting its molecular structure. In the EDXRF analysis, a prominent peak at 7.80 keV corresponding to copper was detected, indicating that copper is the most abundant element found in the ligand. XRD analysis demonstrated distinct crystal structures for both the ligand and its copper complex. The UV-Vis spectra of the ligand exhibited an absorption peak at a UV lambda max of 220 nm, indicating a π→π* transition. In contrast, the absorption peaks observed in the copper complex indicated different transitions compared to the Schiff base. The MIC results indicated the copper complex's stronger antimicrobial activity than the Schiff base against tested bacteria. Molecular docking studies showed that the interaction energies of the synthesized compounds, particularly the ligand and copper complex, surpassed that of the well-known anti-diabetic drug, metformin.

In vitro compositional and phytochemical analysis of green and black tea

The traditional beverage that people consume more after water is a tea. The ethanolic extract of green and black tea have antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and these activities may differ in their processing methods. In this study, physiochemical analysis of green and black tea was carried out. The physiochemical analysis showed that green tea has higher moisture content, crude fat and crude fiber except for crude protein and ash content which is found higher in black tea. The maceration process was used for extraction purposes. This extract was used to analyze the total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial activity. A significant difference was found in the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity of green and black tea. The flavonoids and phenolic content in T1 (ethanol 100%) acquired average and significant in the extract of green and black tea. The maximum value of TPC was observed in green tea extract 152.17a ± 0.28 mg GAE/g in treatment T1, and the value of TFC in green tea was found 40.26±11.387mg QE/g and the minimum value was found in black tea at 36.85±13.68 mg QE/g of extract. Antioxidant activity of green tea extract ranged from 90.64% to 69.07%, and black tea extract ranged from 89.05% to 50.93% in each extract. The parallel determination of the inhibitory effect of gram-negative and positive bacterial strains (Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was found sensitivity and resistivity towards extract of tea. The positive and negative effect was found in antimicrobial activity by using antibiotics against these bacterial strains.

Accelerating Full-Thickness Wound Healing with Bacterial Cellulose-Based Multilayer Composites

Materials that speed up wound healing can be of great benefit to patients and healthcare providers. One-layer dressings, however, have unsatisfactory healing efficacy since it is impossible to use materials with different properties simultaneously, and drug delivery is limited by the depth of penetration. The present study utilized a multilayer wound dressing composed of bacterial cellulose (BC) hydrogel, gelatin/alginate (Gel/Alg) hydrogel, and polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers loaded with ciprofloxacin (CIP) to promote the healing process in vivo. The designed dressings showed significant water absorption and sufficient water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) after one week, confirming their ability to absorb wound exudate. Within the first four hours, significant amounts of CIP were released from the drug-containing dressing. Then, between hours 4 and 24, the rate decreased and plateaued on day 9. Both positive and negative bacterial strains were inhibited by the gradual release of CIP, while fibroblasts retained their normal morphology and metabolic activity. Lastly, in vivo tests demonstrated that CIP-loaded multilayer dressings could significantly speed up full-thickness wound healing during 14 days, by reducing inflammation, stimulating re-epithelialization, and enhancing skin regeneration. Our findings indicate that multilayering BC hydrogels with drug-loaded nanofibers provide a promising way to promote wound healing by utilizing all the distinctive properties of these layers.

Environmentally benign, bright luminescent carbon dots from IV bag waste and chitosan for antimicrobial and bioimaging applications

Luminescent carbon dots have gained significant attention in various fields due to their unique optical properties and potential applications. Here, the study was aimed to propose a novel and sustainable approach for the synthesis of luminescent carbon dots (ICDs) using IV (Intravenous) medical bag waste. The ICDs were synthesized through a facile and cost-effective method that involved the carbonization of IV bag waste followed by surface functionalization with chitosan. The synthesized ICDs were characterized using UV–Visible spectrum (UV–Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The size of the ICDs is between 2 and 8 nm. The ICDs effectively inhibited the growth of both gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains with the inhibitory activity in the range of 11–14 mm and 12–18 mm, respectively. Results of antibiofilm activity of ICDs varying concentrations (50 and 100 μg/ml) showed that it effectively distorted the biofilm architecture and thereby validated its promising potentials. In vitro antioxidant activity showed remarkable DPPH radical scavenging potentials of ICDs (33.4%–70.1%). Results of MTT assay revealted that ICDs showed potent cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells in a dose dependant matter (25–400 μg/ml). Furthermore, when HeLa cells were excited at wavelengths of 380 nm, 440 nm and 540 nm, cell-imaging experiments using ICDs revealed the presence of blue, green, and red fluorescence. This innovative method not only addresses the issue of IV bag waste in a sustainable manner but also opens up exciting possibilities for the advancement of versatile carbon-based materials in the field of biomedicine.

Insights on the structural characteristics and molecular dynamic studies of methyl vanillin Schiff base bio-compounds

A new crystalline form of Schiff base, N-cyclohexyl-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanimine (CHADMB) was obtained from methanolic solution of cylohexylamine and (methylvanillin) 3,4dimethoxybenzaldehyde. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study reveals that the compound crystallized in monoclinic crystal system with P21/c space group having four molecules per unit cell (Z = 4). Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis and 2D fingerprint plots reveals that weak non-covalent interactions are responsible for crystal packing. The UV–Vis spectroscopy study reveals that the optical band gap of the compound is 4.25 eV. The dielectric properties were studied as a function of frequency at room temperature and the results show that these properties can be exploited for optoelectronic applications. Thermal stability of the compound is revealed by thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analysis. The in vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram negative (E. coli and P. aeruginosa and Gram positive (S. aureus ) bacterial strains and two fungal strains (C. albicans and A. niger) were studied by agar well diffusion method. It is found that the Schiff base is inhibiting the growth of the tested species to varying degrees. Molecular docking studies indicate that alkyl-pi and pi-pi weak interactions enhance the binding affinity of Schiff base-protein complexes. Molecular dynamics study reveals interaction of CHADMB complexed with bacterial protein, EC showed maximum stability which is in agreement with experimental result. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Bio-organic fertilizers promote yield, chemical composition, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seeds

The aromatic fennel plant (Foeniculum vulgare Miller) is cultivated worldwide due to its high nutritional and medicinal values. The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of the application of bio-organic fertilization (BOF), farmyard manure (FM) or poultry manure (PM), either individually or combined with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and/or Lactococcus lactis (LL) on the yield, chemical composition, and antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of fennel seed essential oil (FSEO). In general, PM + LP + LL and FM + LP + LL showed the best results compared to any of the applications of BOF. Among the seventeen identified FSEO components, trans-anethole (78.90 and 91.4%), fenchone (3.35 and 10.10%), limonene (2.94 and 8.62%), and estragole (0.50 and 4.29%) were highly abundant in PM + LP + LL and FM + LP + LL, respectively. In addition, PM + LP + LL and FM + LP + LL exhibited the lowest half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 8.11 and 9.01 μg mL−1, respectively, compared to l-ascorbic acid (IC50 = 35.90 μg mL−1). We also observed a significant (P > 0.05) difference in the free radical scavenging activity of FSEO in the triple treatments. The in vitro study using FSEO obtained from PM + LP + LL or FM + LP + LL showed the largest inhibition zones against all tested Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains as well as pathogenic fungi. This suggests that the triple application has suppressive effects against a wide range of foodborne bacterial and fungal pathogens. This study provides the first in-depth analysis of Egyptian fennel seeds processed utilizing BOF treatments, yielding high-quality FSEO that could be used in industrial applications.

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Some Newer Thiazolidine-2,4-Dione Derivatives

Thiazolidin-2,4-diones were intensively studied for its antidiabetic property in 1982. Thiazolidin-2,4-diones have also been demonstrated to possess different biological activity like anticancer, anti-HIV, antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral and antiproliferative activity. 3-Benzoyl-5-(substituted benzylidine)-thiazolidin-2,4-diones and 3-p-Tolyl-5-(substituted benzylidine)-thiazolidin-2,4-diones have evaluated as structurally novel antimicrobials. A series of 5-[(SubstitutedPhenylamino)benzylidine]thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives 17(a-j) were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution reaction of (Z)-5-(2-Fluororobenzylidin)-thiazolidin-2,4-dione with various benzaldehyde derivatives and (Z)-5-(2-Fluororobenzylidin)-thiazolidin-2,4-dione were synthesized by condensation of thiazolidin-2,4-dione with p-fluorobenzaldehyde. The reaction was monitored by TLC on silica gel G plates and the final compounds were purified by recrystalization from ethanol.The structure of newly synthesized compounds 17(a-j) were confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, EIMS spectral analysis and elemental analysis. All the synthesized compounds were screened for antibacterial. Antibacterial activity was screened against Gram positive (B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa) and Gram negative bacteria (E.coli, S. aureus) by paper disc diffusion method, using nutrient agar medium. The compounds substituted with hydroxyl, methoxy, nitro and chloro on aryl ring attached with thiazolidin-2,4-dione showed good antibacterial activity. The synthesized compound: 17c and 17d showed significant antibacterial activity against gram positive bacterial strain B.subtilis and S.aureus and compound 17g showed significant antibacterial activity against gram negative bacterial strains E.coli and P.aeruginosa. The zone of inhibition was compared with standard drugs ciprofloxacin at 50 μg/ml concentration.