Position Of Women Research Articles

Mengenderkan Penglibatan Indonesia dalam Misi Pengaman Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu

Gender and Peace Studies are gaining more and more attention in International Relations. Recent developments increasingly demand a good understanding of gender aspects, specifically in the context of contribution to world peace through women's involvement and activism in international peacekeeping missions. Indonesian female soldiers have contributed to peacekeeping missions in conflict-affected countries, such as the UNIFIL mission in Lebanon. By focusing on the issue of the deployment of Indonesian women soldiers in UN Peacekeeping Missions, this article has discussed the concept of gender and roles in global peace missions, with a particular focus on the involvement of Indonesian women in UN peacekeeping forces. Qualitative research methods have been used in this study by utilizing both primary and secondary sources in the form of official reports, as well as articles from books, articles, and magazines in printed form, as well as those obtained from authoritative online sources. Research results prove that through the involvement of Indonesian women in the UN Peacekeeping Mission, Indonesia is not a genderless national entity. Indirectly, the patriarchalism characteristic of the masculine state is seen to have experienced a transformation with the involvement of women in this critical security sector. In other words, women's position is gaining recognition. Secondly, the role played by the Indonesian military and policewomen in the UN Peacekeeping Mission is a reflection of high-level political activity. However, uniquely through the role of women, especially in helping the post-conflict recovery agenda, the international peace agenda can also be resolved through activities associated with low politics.

Kesetaraan Pendidikan Perspektif Rahmah El-Yunusiyah

This research is library research intended to examine whether the educational equality that Rahmah El-Yunusiyah fought for was intended as part of the feminism movement or was Rahmah's thought original and departed from a sociological study of the social facts of society, especially women at that time? The research data is referred to from the results of research related to the thoughts of Rahmah El-Yunusiyah which were published in scientific journals and various reference books relevant to this research. The data in this study were collected through documentation techniques, which were further analyzed inductively. The results of the study in this study indicate that the equality of education for women fought for by Rahmah is a social movement to break traditions in the midst of the Minangkabau community's perception of women's position and rights. According to her, education for women is one of the strategic steps in preparing a better future generation, because of the position of women as the pillar of the household, the first and main teacher for children, which is the foundation in shaping society and the state. Rahmah's thinking departs from her understanding of Islamic teachings and is not part of the feminism movement.

The Socio-Economic Position of Afro-American Women in Gyasi's Homegoing: A Study of Gender Pay Discrimination and Identity

This article explores the socioeconomic place of Afro-American women from slavery to the present in Gyasi's Homegoing through bell hook's feminist lens. bell hooks is of the view that the stigma wrought upon the image of black women by the slave trade has crushed their social status in contemporary America. This research shows how Afro-Afro-American continues to live in contemporary white supremacist America where they cannot escape from the clutches of occupational discrimination and gender pay disparity. Compared to any other field, black women are more likely to work in low-paid sectors including food service, housekeeping, and healthcare centers, and less likely to hold management or engineering roles, which tend to pay greater. Black mothers who earn less have little money for basic needs like accommodation, food, and education. This has a long-term effect on their property, higher education, or savings. The current factors affecting the wages of black women are racial and gender discrimination, workplace harassment, segregation, and hostile policies of different organizations.

Low Activation of Knee Extensors and High Activation of Knee Flexors in Female Fencing Athletes Is Related to the Response Time during the Marche-Fente.

Reaction time is important to determine the performance of fencing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reaction time and muscle activity and compare the movement among genders during Marche-fente. Fifteen Korean national Fleuret fencing athletes participated and were instructed to perform Marche-fente. Reaction time was measured with Plug & Play equipment and muscle activation was obtained by electromyography. The male athletes (0.94 ± 0.08 s) were faster than female athletes, who a performance of 1.03 ± 0.05 s. As the knee extensors activation was increased, the movement and response time was shorter (rectus femoris (RF); r = -0.526, p < 0.05, vastus lateralis oblique (VLO); r = -0.628, p < 0.05). In phase 1, men activated more knee extensors in the dominant leg, whereas the activation of knee flexors was increased to maintain a stable posture in women. Additionally, women used other muscles instead of large muscles such as RF and VLO in phase 2. In conclusion, female athletes activated knee flexors rather than knee extensors when moving the center of mass or generating a greater force. Less use of knee extensors is associated with knee injuries; therefore, exercise which activates knee extensors is required for females.

ANALISIS KONSEP TENTANG WANITA AMINA WADUD

Amina Wadud is a Muslim woman who is also a feminist. Her work on women in the Qur'an is set within a historical framework relating to the struggle of African-American women for gender equality. Amina Wadud's research aims to establish specific criteria to analyze the extent to which women's position in Muslim culture accurately reflects the meaning of Islam for women in life in society. Furthermore, the specific objective is to reveal the ability to adapt the worldview of the Qur'an to issues and the world of women according to the modern context.
 Amina Wadud uses the tauhid interpretation method in interpreting the Qur'an. The approach to reading tauhid as a hermeneutics in which each verse is evaluated in this study: 1) viewed from the context; 2) in the context of the discussion of the Qur'an on the same topic; 3) from the language as well as using the same grammatical structure used elsewhere in the Qur'an; 4) from the principles of the Qur'an which reject it; 5) from the context of the Weltanschauung of the Qur'an, or its world view.
 Amina Wadud argues, "gender equality does not mean the same". He admits that men and women have significant differences. According to him, "equality means that men and women have the same rights and obligations in terms of religious ethics, and have the same responsibilities in terms of social functions".

Kin networks and opportunities for reproductive cooperation and conflict among hunter-gatherers.

Little is known about the potential for reproductive conflict among hunter-gatherer populations, who are characterized by bilateral kinship ties, flexible residential mobility, and high offspring mortality. To assess the potential for reproductive conflict, we use longitudinal residence and reproductive history data for two bands of South American foragers. Using multilevel logistic regressions (N = 44 women, N = 712 person years), we examine how yearly measures of (i) camp composition, (ii) distribution of female kin and (iii) a woman's position in a female kinship network impact the likelihood of giving birth or experiencing a child's death. We compare conflict models to a demographic model that accounts for the proportion of women giving birth in a given year. Contrary to conflict models, results show that the odds of giving birth increase with the presence of highly related women. However, the odds of experiencing an offspring death are insensitive to the presence of coresident women. Network measures of closeness and centrality in the female kin network also show no significant effect on reproductive outcomes. Furthermore, chances of both births and deaths increase in years when proportionally more women are giving birth. We argue that demographic stochasticity relating to ecological conditions best predicts reproductive outcomes for women. This article is part of the theme issue 'Cooperation among women: evolutionary and cross-cultural perspectives'.

Gender Stereotype and Position of Women in the 19th Century America

This article is about the movie Little Women (2019), which is produced by Colombia Pictures, Regency Enterprises and Sony Pictures, and has won many awards such as Young Artist Award and Best Family Motion Picture. This movie is mainly about the main character Jo, a writer that does not want to get married, and her family, Amy, Meg and Beth. It reflects the truth and the society of the 19th Century America, expressing the impacts made by these situations at that time. Therefore, this movie mainly discusses women’s position through film production, which brings a positive impact on later films while discussing about women’s positions and gender stereotype.

The Empowerment of Women in Tamil Nadu: A Multi-Dimensional Approach

The advancement of women's political, social, economic, and health status, together with their increased autonomy and empowerment, is a very significant goal in and of itself. Furthermore, achieving sustainable growth depends on it. Every aspect of productive and reproductive life, including shared responsibility for the upkeep of the home and the care and rearing of children, requires the full participation and partnership of both men and women. Because of their excessive workloads, lack of authority, and influence, women over the world are threatened with losing their lives, their health, and their general well-being. Women typically obtain less formal education than men around the world, yet at the same time, their own skills, knowledge, and coping techniques are frequently undervalued. Power dynamics that prevent women from leading healthy and satisfying lives exist at all societal levels, from the most intimate to the most visible. To effect change, policy and programme actions are required that will increase women's access to stable employment and financial resources, lessen their heavy domestic burdens, remove any legal barriers to their participation in public life, and increase social awareness through efficient education and mass communication campaigns. The position of women also affects their ability to make decisions at all levels and in all areas of life, particularly in relation to sexuality and reproduction. To ensure the long-term effectiveness of population programmes, this is also crucial. Experience has shown that initiatives aimed at advancing women's position have the greatest impact on population and development programmes.

Is agriculture an occupation or a sector? Gender inequalities in a European context

AbstractThis article focuses on inequalities in agriculture in the European Union. We examine the mismatch between European legislation on employment and any rigorous interrogation of women's employment position in agriculture. Our central argument is that this occurs because agriculture is seen as a sector rather than an occupation. DG AGRI is responsible for European agricultural and rural development policies. DG EMPLOYMENT does not have oversight for the agricultural workforce in the same way as other occupations as the existence of DG AGRI means farming is less obviously understood as an occupation. There are no similar measures to address the under‐representation of women in agriculture in the same way as for science, technology, engineering and mathematics occupations. We demonstrate that when agricultural policies are seen as relating to an occupation rather than a sector, it becomes clearer how agricultural policy discriminates against women.

Reparative Public Musicology: Empowering and Centering Community Knowledge Production through Counter-Storytelling Practice

Reparative Public Musicology: Empowering and Centering Community Knowledge Production through Counter-Storytelling Practice

The Salient Socio-Agentive Position of Women in the Traditional African Society: A Case of Abaluhya Women of Western Kenya

This article sought to examine the position of women in the traditional African society in Kenya before colonialism (before 1895). It narrowed down to the social organisation in the Luhya traditional society and the space women occupied in the same. It further delved into exploring the possibilities of empowerment or disempowerment for women in the social sphere among the Abaluhya. It addressed the aspect of women's agency in the Luhya social organisation, answering the question of what role women played in elevating their position socially. This article was supported by Lesley Ogundipe's African Feminist theory which holds that women had an essential role in the pre-colonial African society and that the structure of the society had room for women empowerment as opposed to the common belief that the African society disempowered women. Data for this study was collected using primary and secondary sources. Primary sources involved oral interviews, while secondary sources focused on analysing existing literature on the topic under study. The study analyzed five major aspects of the Luhya society and the role women played in them, namely: the clan and the family, initiation and marriage, informal education and apprenticeship, traditional religion and sex roles, and division of labour. The study found that women were centrally placed in the social structure of the Luhya society and that while some social aspects empowered them, others disempowered them. The study then concluded by assessing the role of women in elevating their own social status.

Investigating the Position of Women in the Iranian Higher Education System

Background: The presence of women in the university environment has increased significantly in the last two decades. One of the important reasons for this is that the presence of women as half of the society can be effective in improving the quality and comprehensive development. Therefore, identifying the challenges of women in the higher education system is very important.
 Methods: In the present study, a qualitative research method of phenomenological type and feminist paradigm used. The sampling method was available, 12 female students and faculty members from Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, and Tehran who attended the interview participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews used to collazeri information. In order to analyze, the collage method used to achieve the main themes.
 Results: The main issue in this research is to identify the problems that women face as a minimum gender in various fields in academic settings. According to the research results, the problems of women in the university environment: Challenges of cultural affairs, challenges of research, challenges of inequality in laws and regulations, challenges of structural affairs and management.
 Conclusion: According to the results of research on women in the higher education system, there are many restrictions and inequalities and changes should be made in the policies of the higher education system to improve the situation of women.

The increasing visibility of women in gastronomy

Although there are some examples of gender studies in the gastronomy sector – in particular, focusing on hospitality and the role of women chefs – little research has been carried out on the profiles and visibility of women in gastronomy sector and the challenges they face. This study aims to make visible the role of women in the world of gastronomy. It intends to analyse the situation of women in the gastronomy sector in the broadest sense, to identify their profiles (professional and training) and the emotional considerations for women in the profession, and to explore their opinion of women's position in the sector. It also evaluates the instruments used to give visibility to their work and analyses how women in the sector have adapted to the digital world. The authors selected a qualitative approach with structured interviews and quantitative research using primary data from a questionnaire answered by 463 women working in gastronomy in Spain. The study cites different profiles of women in gastronomy to reveal a far wider variety that goes beyond the profile of the woman chef to include sommeliers, winemakers, pastry chefs and bakers, producers in the agri-food sector, women working in communications specializing in gastronomy, teachers and researchers. It also demonstrates that the role of women in Spanish gastronomy is being made increasingly visible thanks to associationism and the use of social networks.

Analisis Sentimen terhadap Opini Feminisme Menggunakan Metode Naive Bayes

The perspective of the development of feminism centered on women around the world who wants to be free from pressure, oppression and inequality from men, continues to this day. Various public opinions about feminism are now contained in various social media. Long debates about criticism and support for feminism in equalizing women's position both in terms of intellect, and the role of women in making decisions. This research was conducted with the aim of looking at public sentiment based on opinions circulating on social media. Hashtags or hash tags related to feminism from social media are the main data that will be used to analyze public opinion sentiment about feminism and 600 data are obtained about feminism. The data obtained were separated into positive, negative and neutral opinions for analysis using Naïve Bayes (NB). The results of using the Naïve Bayes method obtained a recall value of 84%, precision 94% and Fi-Score of 86% with an accuracy of 88%. Through this research, the results of classification using the nave Bayes method in analyzing sentiment against feminist opinions have good performance.

"Me Cuesta Mucho": Latina immigrant mothers navigating remote learning and caregiving during COVID-19.

Before the pandemic, immigrant mothers from Latin America in the United States typically shouldered the weight of caregiving for children, maintained jobs, and managed transnational care responsibilities. But as COVID‐19 erupted across the globe, the combination of gendered roles and a collapsing economy ruptured the already fragile arrangement of childcare and paid labor for Latina immigrant mothers. In this article, I examine how school closures intersected with Latina women's identities and social positions as immigrant mothers who suddenly confronted job loss, illness, and increased familial responsibilities. I show how Latina immigrant women renegotiated relationships to schooling, becoming teachers overnight in an unfamiliar system. Mothers shifted educational aspirations for their children to prioritize safety, as they managed increased stress and conflict while schools remained remote. I demonstrate how the breakdowns in care infrastructure forced mothers to rethink the elusive balance between paid labor and childcare, especially for those who were undocumented. Throughout, I explore how immigrant women's intersecting identities left them vulnerable to structural racism and exclusionary immigration policies. Despite the multiple layers of struggle, women continued to support their children's education and socio‐emotional well‐being, even in the face of multiple levels of gendered, racialized inequalities.

The gendered impacts of delayed parenthood: A dynamic analysis of young adulthood

Young adulthood is a dynamic and demographically dense stage in the life course. This poses a challenge for research on the socioeconomic consequences of parenthood timing, which most often focuses on women. We chart the dynamics of delayed parenthood and its implications for educational and labor market trajectories for young adult women and men using a novel longitudinal analysis approach, the parametric g-formula. This method allows the estimation of both population-averaged effects (among all women and men) and average treatment effects (among mothers and fathers). Based on high-quality data from Finnish registers, we find that later parenthood exacerbates the educational advantage of women in comparison to men and attenuates the income advantage of men in comparison to women across young adult ages. Gender differences in the consequences of delayed parenthood on labor market trajectories are largely not explained by changes in educational trajectories. Moreover, at the time of entering parenthood, delayed parenthood improves the incomes of fathers more than those of mothers, thereby exacerbating existing gender differences. The results provide population-level evidence on how the delay of parenthood has contributed to the strengthening of women's educational position relative to that of men. Further, the findings on greater increases in fathers' than mothers' incomes at the time of entering parenthood, as followed by postponement, may help explain why progress in achieving gender equality in the division of paid and unpaid work in families has been slow.

Women as Boundary Markers between Islam and Secularism in Julia Kristeva's Murder in Byzantium (2004) and Elif Şafak's The Bastard of Istanbul (2006)

ABSTRACT: The Bulgarian-French writer Julia Kristeva's Murder in Byzantium (2004) and Turkish novelist Elif Şafak's The Bastard of Istanbul (2006) show how both secular and veiled women become the ground upon which Turkey and France build their national identities. In Murder , the two narrators—the French journalist, Stephanie Delacour, and the unnamed narrator—associate secularism with modernization and progress, and Islam with backwardness and gender inequality. A financially independent world traveler, Stephanie constructs her identity as a foil to the allegedly subservient headscarved Turkish women and fears that French women's freedom might be endangered by the arrival of Muslim immigrants. Her elevation of her Slavic mother Christine and the Byzantine princess Anna Comnena as secular and rational Western women stands for her dream of a French national identity without Islamic influences. Şafak's novel, on the other hand, portrays Turkish female identity not as singular but complex, as the two sisters—the headscarved Banu and Zeliha wearing a miniskirt—live under the same roof. Şafak also portrays Turkish women's ambivalent position as the markers of modernity and tradition as the matriarch Gülsüm Kazancı criticizes Banu for defying secularism and Zeliha for her seductive clothes. Whereas Kristeva's narrators set French national identity in opposition to Islam and Turkish women, Şafak's novel challenges the flattened conception of Turkish femininity by depicting the hybridity of women's dress codes and religious practices. Both novels portray how secular Turkish and French nationalisms are imagined vis-à-vis female roles.

Peace on Our Terms: The Global Battle for Women's Rights after the First World War

Peace on Our Terms: The Global Battle for Women's Rights after the First World War

Explaining the Position of Women's Management System in National and International Sports Associations

Explaining the Position of Women's Management System in National and International Sports Associations

Archiving the Algerian Revolution in Zineb Sedira's Gardiennes d'images

Archiving the Algerian Revolution in Zineb Sedira's <i>Gardiennes d'images</i>