Position Of Different Parts Research Articles

Multi-Receptive Field Soft Attention Part Learning for Vehicle Re-Identification.

Vehicle re-identification across multiple cameras is one of the main problems of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). Since the differences in the appearance between different vehicles of the same model are small and the appearance of the same vehicle changes drastically from different viewpoints, vehicle re-identification is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a model called multi-receptive field soft attention part learning (MRF-SAPL). The MRF-SAPL model learns semantically diverse vehicle part-level features under different receptive fields through multiple local branches, alleviating the problem of small differences in vehicle appearance. To align vehicle parts from different images, this study uses soft attention to adaptively locate the positions of the parts on the final feature map generated by a local branch and maintain the continuity of the internal semantics of the parts. In addition, to obtain parts with different semantic patterns, we propose a new loss function that punishes overlapping regions, forcing the positions of different parts on the same feature map to not overlap each other as much as possible. Extensive ablation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our part-level feature learning method MRF-SAPL, and our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on two benchmark datasets.

Spatial Pattern Analysis of Rural Settlements in Connection with the Earthquake Vulnerability (Case Study: Central District of Marand County)

Spatial Pattern Analysis of Rural Settlements in Connection with the Earthquake Vulnerability (Case Study: Central District of Marand County)

Topographical and biometrical anatomy of the digestive tract of White New Zealand Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Objective: This study was constructed to build up the normal dimensions of the digestive tract of domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Materials and methods: Five rabbits of both sexes were used in this study. After dissection of the rabbits, the exact positions of different parts of the digestive tract (i.e., esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine) were measured using Metric rule, thread, electronic and normal balance. Results: The mean lengths of the small intestine and large intestine were 169.53±21.65 and 132.3±17.42 cm, respectively, and weight of the whole digestive tract was 263.60±56.80 gm. The mean lengths and mean diameter of esophagus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon and rectum were 9.62±1.64, 41.26±4.06, 106.60±14.64, 21.64±46.32, 41.14±2.82, 83.16±13.74 and 8.0±1.08 cm and 1.16±0.12, 1.71±0.11, 1.70±0.09, 1.73±0.05, 5.47±0.15, 3.36±0.16 and 2.81±0.24 cm, respectively. Conclusion: These results can be considered as a baseline study that may assist in disease diagnosis and clinical works with rabbits.

The Relationship between DNA Sequences and Oligonucleotide‐Templated Silver Nanoclusters and Their Fluorescence Properties

A novel approach was developed to study the relationship between DNA sequences and DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (DNA-Ag NCs) in detail by using an ordinary DNA strand as an example. Three kinds of Ag NCs are formed by using the DNA strand as a scaffold. By dividing the DNA template into several parts according to their different affinities to Ag(+) , it was found that the fluorescence properties of DNA-Ag NCs are related to not only the sequences but also to the position of different parts in the template, which provides a more efficient approach to obtain DNA-Ag NCs with required photoluminescence properties and may ultimately contribute to the targeted synthesis of DNA-Ag NCs.

Clarification of sources of material returned by Luna 24 spacecraft based on analysis of new images of the landing site taken by lunar reconnaissance orbiter

We describe the results of the geologic analysis of high-resolution (0.5 m/px) LROC NAC images of the landing site of the Luna 24 spacecraft, which landed in the southeastern part of Mare Crisium, drilled a borehole to the depth of ∼2 m and recovered a core, which was then delivered to the Earth. LROC NAC images show that the spacecraft landed on the rim of the 65-m crater Lev. Image analysis was aided by calculations of the expected thickness of ejecta from crater Lev found to be 0.5–1 m. Using these calculations and the results of photogeologic analysis, we reconsidered the characteristics of the Luna 24 core material. This led to an understanding of the geologic position of different parts of the Luna 24 core and allowed us to distinguish in the core the intervals dominated by: 1—effects of arrival of ejecta from the 6.5-km crater Fahrenheit (Zone IV), 2—gradual reworking of the local regolith by small impacts (Zones II and III), and 3—emplacement of ejecta of Lev crater, which is a secondary of the distant 22-km crater Giordano Bruno (Zone I). This understanding allowed us to propose that some additional new analyses of the Luna 24 material be undertaken, with emphasis on the study of Zone IV and Zone I. Additional analysis of zone IV could search for and identify material of ejecta from the crater Fahrenheit and their comparisons with local materials, while new analysis of Zone I could study the material derived from the deepest parts of the local regolith and search for material of the impactor (ejecta from the very young Giordano Bruno crater on the lunar farside) that formed Lev crater.

Design, Construction and Calibration of a Triaxial Dynamometer for Measuring Forces and Moments Applied on Tillage Implements in Field Conditions

In this research, a dynamometer was designed, constructed and calibrated to measure the forces and moments applied on tillage implements. This dynamometer is able to measure the three orthogonal forces acting on the implement and the three moments acting around the orthogonal axes, up to a maximum force of 20 kN and a maximum moment of 20 kN m. The dynamometer uses two extended octagonal ring transducers mounted in a back-to-back arrangement with their axes at right angles and has a tubular torque meter for torque measurement. For mechanical design of the dynamometer frame and its units, the finite element method and CATIA software were used. The device was machined from the solid part and high tensile steel. The forces and moments acting on the dynamometer were measured by using the strain gauge bridges on two extended octagonal ring transducers and on the torque meter tube. The results of data analysis, including forces applied on the dynamometer, the designing method of rings and torque meter tubes, the mounting arrangement of load cell parts on each other, the mounting method of load cell on frame and the position of strain gauge on load cell, in other words, the position of different parts of the dynamometer relative to each other has been explained in this paper. Calibration of the measurement unit was done by a calibration system which was designed for static calibration of the triaxial dynamometer. The results of calibration of the measurement unit showed that the designed and constructed dynamometer has appropriate precision, sensitivity and good repeatability for measuring the desired forces and moments. The results showed a high degree of linearity between output voltage of bridges and applied forces and moments. The interaction effects of the applied forces and moments were very negligible.

Point Cloud Data Acquisition Based on Reverse Engineering Technology

A reverse engineering based point cloud data acquisition method is addressed. The most critical part of reverse engineering (RE) is data acquisition of the digital model, the quality of design is determined by point cloud data acquisition, which is related to the accuracy of design. The measurement of relative position of different parts has been a difficulty of data acquisition. In this paper, the ATOS optical scanner was used as an example to illustrate the principle of three-dimensional scanner, the positioning methods and procedure of point cloud processing. A case study of point cloud data acquisition of car body was used to illustrate three-point positioning principle, which improves the accuracy of measurement compare with traditional method.

Application of NIR spectroscopy for firmness evaluation of peaches

The use of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was proved to be a useful tool for quality analysis of fruits. A bifurcated fiber type NIR spectrometer, with a detection range of 800~2500 nm by InGaAs detector, was used to evaluate the firmness of peaches. Anisotropy of NIR spectra and firmness of peaches in relation to detecting positions of different parts (including three latitudes and three longitudes) were investigated. Both spectra absorbency and firmness of peach were influenced by longitudes (i, ii, iii) and latitudes (A, B, C). For modeling, two thirds of the samples were used as the calibration set and the remaining one third were used as the validation or prediction set. Partial least square regression (PLSR) models for different longitude and latitude spectra and for the whole fruit show that collecting several NIR spectra from different longitudes and latitudes of a fruit for NIR calibration modeling can improve the modeling performance. In addition, proper spectra pretreatments like scattering correction or derivative also can enhance the modeling performance. The best results obtained in this study were from the holistic model with multiplicative scattering correction (MSC) pretreatment, with correlation coefficient of cross-validation r(cv)=0.864, root mean square error of cross-validation RMSECV=6.71 N, correlation coefficient of calibration r=0.948, root mean square error of calibration RMSEC=4.21 N and root mean square error of prediction RMSEP=5.42 N. The results of this study are useful for further research and application that when applying NIR spectroscopy for objectives with anisotropic differences, spectra and quality indices are necessarily measured from several parts of each object to improve the modeling performance.

Somatosensory processes subserving perception and action

The functions of the somatosensory system are multiple. We use tactile input to localize and experience the various qualities of touch, and proprioceptive information to determine the position of different parts of the body with respect to each other, which provides fundamental information for action. Further, tactile exploration of the characteristics of external objects can result in conscious perceptual experience and stimulus or object recognition. Neuroanatomical studies suggest parallel processing as well as serial processing within the cerebral somatosensory system that reflect these separate functions, with one processing stream terminating in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), and the other terminating in the insula. We suggest that, analogously to the organisation of the visual system, somatosensory processing for the guidance of action can be dissociated from the processing that leads to perception and memory. In addition, we find a second division between tactile information processing about external targets in service of object recognition and tactile information processing related to the body itself. We suggest the posterior parietal cortex subserves both perception and action, whereas the insula principally subserves perceptual recognition and learning.

Sky component grids for glazed vertical windows

Daylight contribution at a point due to sky visible through different areas of a window is a function of the sky luminance, the projected solid angle of these areas at the reference point on the working plane and the transmittance of glass. The transmittance of glass varies considerably with the angle of incidence, which depends upon the relative positions of different parts of a window opening with respect to the reference point. A sky component grid, representing the sky component values from different elemental areas of openings in a window wall, forms one of the simplest ready reckoners in daylighting design. This paper presents the methodology of generating sky component grid for any sky condition. The relevant data on mean altitude of grid elements, the mean angle of incidence for different grid elements, and differential sky factors are included for facilitating the computation of grid values. The sky component grid for Indian clear design sky based on exact equations of sky component for a horizontal plane, with a due allowance for transmittance of 3 mm thick clear glass, is provided for comparing the accuracy of the methodology based on differential sky factors. The values computed from the data and the methodology presented in this paper agree closely with the exact values. The deviation of computed values from exact values is less than ±10%.

The magnetic work of the Norwegian North Polar Expedition, 1893–96

A perusal of Nansen's “Farthest North” shows clearly that the Norwegian North Polar Expedition of 1893–96 was not simply an attempt to reach the North Pole, but a carefully planned scientific expedition, prepared to avail itself of every opportunity to extend our knowledge in every branch of science. It requires a study of the Scientific Results, however, to appreciate fully the immense amount of scientific work done by the small band of men on board the Fram.The fundamental idea of the expedition, allowing the ship to become fast in the ice and drift with it across the Polar Sea, gave to the members of the party abundant time for making the various scientific observations and investigations for which provision was made in planning the work. Moreover, astronomic and magnetic observations could be made with nearly the same accuracy on the ice as on land, provided the time occupied was not too long, and no sudden disturbance of the ice floe took place. Yet, it could not be assumed that the absolute position of the ship changed with any regularity, nor that the relative position of different parts of the ice floe was the same from day to day.

The Röntgen Rays

IN your last issue (p. 399), in the account of the work appearing in the Comptes rendus, you state that M. de Heen “proves conclusively that the X-rays proceed from the anode and not the kathode.” May I point out (as I did at the Royal Society, in the course of the discussion on Prof. J. J. Thomson's paper, February 13), that I have proved that this is undoubtedly true for the bulb that I have been using throughout my experiments on the X-radiation. The bulb is one in which the negative electrode is concave, and the negative stream is thereby focussed to a point on the anode, which is a platinum disc placed near the centre of the bulb. By measuring the positions of different parts of a radiograph of a series of concentric zones of tinfoil placed in a measured position, I have shown that the actinic rays diverge from the anode disc.