Comfortable Position Research Articles

Experience-based Modifications of the Bed Band ReAlised through Co-dEsign (EMBRACE)

BackgroundUpper body limitations are a common disability in neurological conditions including stroke and multiple sclerosis. Care of patients with upper body limitations while in bed involves positioning techniques to maximise...

Skeletal Traction for Isolated Femur Fractures Does Not Reduce Opioid Consumption.

Isolated femoral shaft fractures can be treated preoperatively with skeletal traction (TXN) or maintenance of a position of comfort (COMF). The goal of this retrospective review was to determine whether preoperative opioid consumption differs significantly between these forms of treatment. Case-control retrospective study. Two academic Level 1 trauma centers. Patients presenting to the emergency department with isolated OTA/AO 32A-C femoral shaft fractures from 2017 to 2020. The primary outcome was preoperative opioid consumption (morphine milligram equivalents) comparing patients treated with application of TXN or placed in a position of COMF. Two hundred and twenty patients were studied (COMF n = 167, TXN n = 53). Multivariate regression analysis revealed significantly greater preoperative opioid consumption in the emergency department for the TXN group compared with COMF (2.6 more morphine milligram equivalents [confidence interval, 0.23-4.96], P = 0.031). There was no difference in preoperative opioid consumption between groups on the hospital floor ( P = 0.811) nor during the entire preoperative course ( P = 0.486). The total preoperative rate of opioid consumption (morphine milligram equivalents/hour) did not differ ( P = 0.825). Patients with isolated femoral shaft fractures treated preoperatively with skeletal traction consumed more opioids in the emergency department compared with patients treated in a position of comfort, but no difference in opioid consumption was observed between groups for the entire preoperative course. A position of comfort may be considered as an acceptable alternative to skeletal traction for patients with isolated femur fractures. Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

A novel AP/PA total body irradiation technique using abutting IMRT fields at extended SSD.

To develop a Total Body Irradiation (TBI) technique using IMRT at extended SSD that can be performed in any size Linac room. Patients studied were placed on a platform close to the floor, directly under the gantry with cranial-caudal axis parallel to the gantry rotation plane and at SSD ∼200cm. Two abutting fields with the same external isocenter at gantry angles of±21˚, collimator angle of 90˚, and field size of 25×40 cm2 are employed for both supine and prone positions. An iterative optimization algorithm was developed to generate a uniform dose at the patient mid-plane with adequate shielding to critical organs such as lungs and kidneys. The technique was validated in both phantom and patient CT images for treatment planning, and dose measurement and QA were performed in phantom. A uniform dose distribution in the mid-plane within±5% of the prescription dose was reached after a few iterations. This was confirmed with ion-chamber measurements in phantom. The mean dose to lungs and kidneys can be adjusted according to clinical requirements and can be as low as ∼25% of the prescription dose. For a typical prescription dose of 200 cGy/fraction, the total MU was ∼2400/1200 for the superior/inferior field. The overall treatment time for both supine/prone positions was ∼54 min to meet the maximum absorbed dose rate criteria of 15 cGy/min. IMRT QA with portal dosimetry shows excellent agreement. We have developed a promising TBI technique using abutting IMRT fields at extended SSD. The patient is in a comfortable recumbent position with good reproducibility and less motion during treatment. An additional benefit of this technique is that full 3D dose distribution is available from the TPS with a DVH summary for organs of interest. The technique allows precise sparing of lungs and kidneys and can be executed in any linac room.

OPTIMIZATION OF VISUAL COMFORT IN OFFICE SPACE BASED ON STOCHASTIC SHADE ADJUSTMENT

ABSTRACT The visual comfort of building occupants may be directly affected by stochastic modulation of shading. In this paper, simulations combined with statistical analysis were used to investigate and evaluate the visual comfort of different seating positions in an office. The dynamic daylighting indicators (UDI, DGP, sDA, and ASE) were used to analyze the visual comfort within an office. The main findings show the following: (1) The DGP and ASE metrics show that the probability of glare in positions near windows is not always the highest. The influence of line-of-sight direction should also be considered. (2) By running 50 simulations, the average value of sDA300/50% was 0.97, and the average value of ASE1000/250 was 11.4%. This shows that the office has good daylighting quality. (3) The optimal visual comfort positions were determined based on four indicators, and alternative options for different indoor occupant preferences were provided. The research results of this paper aim to provide references for the improvement of visual comfort of office occupants.

Penerapan Gaya Retro Pada Desain Interior Cyber Net And Bar

In Indonesia, public awareness of the Internet has grown very rapidly. Especially for students, teachers and other communities. Technology is present and has become part of human life, as if someone cannot work without smartphones, tablets and computers which are production tools for modern technology. Apart from that, the increasing popularity of the Internet among the public has led to the proliferation of internet cafe businesses in several cities in Indonesia. , one of which is Medan City. Cyber ​​Net is a place that facilitates people in using the internet as a medium for playing online games as well as a medium for seeking information and learning. The aim of the research was to create a comfortable gaming place that would attract the attention of e-sports users. By using a qualitative approach, it is hoped that this research can produce a design that not only pays attention to beauty and aesthetic aspects, but also pays attention to the appropriate and comfortable position and layout.

A comprehensive assessment method for manned confined space layouts taking into account operational posture comfort supported by artificial intelligence algorithm

Given its specialized design application, the layout design of confined spaces for human occupancy has a significant impact on the efficiency of operators, especially in the design processes aimed at aviation, aerospace, navigation, and other significant engineering fields. The influence of operational posture on layout comfort is crucial, yet existing assessment methods have limited considerations for the impact of operational posture on layout comfort. Therefore, this study proposes a layout decision support method that integrates posture recognition, simulation, and simulation-based comfort comprehensive assessment. By combining intelligent recognition technology, simulation technology, and comprehensive evaluation methods, it aims to provide a highly reliable comprehensive evaluation result for layout design and decision recommendations. To validate the effectiveness of the method, we conducted a comfort experimental evaluation involving seven individuals in the layout design of human-occupied confined spaces at Northwestern Polytechnical University. The results indicate that the proposed method offers a more objective and comprehensive means for layout design and optimization. This Improvement method not only addresses the deficiencies in existing spatial layout evaluation methods and provides a theoretical basis for architectural layout planning evaluation but also offers new perspectives and methodological support for scientific layout design and planning.

Designing a 3D gestural interface to support user interaction with time-oriented data as immersive 3D radar charts

The design of intuitive three-dimensional user interfaces is vital for interaction in virtual reality, allowing to effectively close the loop between a human user and the virtual environment. The utilization of 3D gestural input allows for useful hand interaction with virtual content by directly grasping visible objects, or through invisible gestural commands that are associated with corresponding features in the immersive 3D space. The design of such interfaces remains complex and challenging. In this article, we present a design approach for a three-dimensional user interface using 3D gestural input with the aim to facilitate user interaction within the context of Immersive Analytics. Based on a scenario of exploring time-oriented data in immersive virtual reality using 3D Radar Charts, we implemented a rich set of features that is closely aligned with relevant 3D interaction techniques, data analysis tasks, and aspects of hand posture comfort. We conducted an empirical evaluation (n=12)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$(n=12)$$\\end{document}, featuring a series of representative tasks to evaluate the developed user interface design prototype. The results, based on questionnaires, observations, and interviews, indicate good usability and an engaging user experience. We are able to reflect on the implemented hand-based grasping and gestural command techniques, identifying aspects for improvement in regard to hand detection and precision as well as emphasizing a prototype’s ability to infer user intent for better prevention of unintentional gestures.

Surgeon fatigue in robot-assisted and laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: Exploratory prospective observational study ancillary to JCOG1907 randomized controlled trial (JCOG1907A1).

TPS422 Background: Fatigue is being increasingly recognized as an important factor in surgical procedures, because it leads to errors in surgeons' decisions and reduced operating efficiency. In comparison to laparoscopic surgery, robot-assisted surgery is expected to reduce surgeon fatigue due to ergonomic adjustments, comfortable sitting positions, minimal restriction of instrument movement, and stable visualization. The aim of this study is to assess surgeon fatigue and explore the superiority of robot-assisted gastrectomy over laparoscopic gastrectomy in surgeon fatigue. Methods: This study is conducted as a prospective observational study ancillary to a randomized controlled phase III trial investigating the superiority in safety of robot-assisted gastrectomy over laparoscopic gastrectomy for clinical stage T1-4aN0-3 gastric cancer (JCOG1907: UMIN000039825). The lead surgeon and the first assistant performing surgeries as protocol treatment in JCOG1907 were included. Surgeon fatigue is quantitatively assessed using multiple assessment tools. The primary endpoint is the average NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) value for the lead surgeons. Secondary endpoints include six individual parameters of NASA-TLX, visual analog scale assessments for fatigue, advanced trail-making tests, and continuous heart rate variability measurements for lead surgeons and first assistants. The primary analysis compares surgeon fatigue between robot-assisted and laparoscopic surgery. Secondary analyses examine the association between surgeon fatigue and various factors, such as surgeon and patient background, and surgical findings, as well as cross-correlations among measures of surgical fatigue. In addition, the association between surgeon fatigue and postoperative complications and its impact on long-term survival outcomes is also evaluated. The sample size is 500 surgical cases, with a planned accrual period of 2 years. This study was initiated in April 2023 and registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network as UMIN000052120. As of August 2023, 52 cases (10.4% of the planned accrual) have been enrolled in the study. Clinical trial information: UMIN000052120 .

Development of a multifunctional nursing bed system for in-bed position recognition and automatic repositioning

Bedridden elderly need to be repositioned at regular intervals to prevent pressure ulcers. However, repositioning, being one of the most physically demanding tasks in nursing, faces many challenges, including work-related injuries and limited manpower. To address these problems, we have developed a multifunctional nursing bed system. This system not only assists in repositioning and transitioning positions but also features in-bed position recognition, enabling automatic repositioning based on recognition results. In this paper, the repositioning process was analysed, and the nursing bed mechanism and its control design were developed. An algorithmic framework for in-bed position recognition, including preprocessing and convolutional neural networks, is proposed. The experimental results demonstrate that the nursing bed system facilitates comfortable repositioning and position transition for subjects. In a short-term experiment, the system demonstrated an accuracy rate of 96.83% for in-bed position recognition. Meanwhile, in a long-term experiment, it achieved a success rate of 93.89% for automatic repositioning. These findings indicate that the proposed system demonstrates substantial potential in nursing care, particularly in pressure ulcer prevention.

The difference in the relationship of spinal sagittal alignment between individuals with flat lumbar and normal lordosis posture based on global and regional angles.

According to previous studies, the relationship between lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis or that between pelvic parameters and thoracic kyphosis have been inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to investigate spinal sagittal alignment and its relationship to global and regional lumbar and thoracic angles, pelvic and sway angles, and C7-S1 distance measurements, followed by a detailed subgroup analysis using an inertial measurement unit system. A total of 51 asymptomatic volunteers stood in a comfortable posture with inertial measurement units attached to the T1, T7, T12, L3, and S2 vertebrae. T1, T7, T12, L3, and S2 sagittal angles were acquired during standing posture using the Eulerian angle coordinate system. All angles are reported as the mean of three 5-s measurements. Following the measurement of lumbar lordosis angles (T12 relative S2), participants were divided into the flat lumbar and normal lordosis groups. There were different correlation patterns between groups because of spinal sagittal imbalance, which was greater in the flat lumbar group than in the normal lordosis group. In addition, sacral inclination proved the ideal parameter to evaluate reciprocal balance in lumbar lordosis, showing a stronger correlation with lower than with upper lumbar lordosis. T1 was the key element in assessing thoracic kyphosis, which showed a stronger correlation with upper than with lower thoracic kyphosis. We suggest that when assessing posture, it is necessary to identify the global and regional angles and it is useful to classify spinal sagittal alignment into subgroups according to lumbar lordosis and evaluate the groups separately.

Exploring positive welfare measures: preliminary findings from a prototype protocol in loose housing dairy cattle farms.

Following the increasing interest about the development of indicators of positive welfare and affective state in farm animals, the aim of this research is to present some preliminary results on the application of a prototype protocol based exclusively on positive welfare measures and to suggest potential benefits that can promote positive welfare. The protocol was applied in 20 loose housing dairy cattle farms (6 on deep litter with straw, 14 in cubicles) and included only indicators of positive welfare and emotional states: feeding and resting synchronization, rumination during resting, comfortable lying postures, no visible eye white, relaxed ear postures, percentage of cow contacts with humans in the Avoidance Distance test. Potential benefits in terms of housing, feeding and management were then related to these variables (Mann-Whitney U test). Qualitative Behavior Assessment (QBA) was also carried out and analyzed by Principal Component Analysis to explore the effect of factors that were not evenly distributed in our sample (number of feed distributions, access to pasture, presence of paddock or environmental enrichments, automatic milking systems). When hay was included in the diet, higher feeding synchronization (93.7 ± 1.6 vs. 52.2 ± 4.7%; p < 0.01), percentage of cows with relaxed ear postures (35.8 ± 5.4 vs. 15.5 ± 2.1%; p < 0.01) and percentage of cows with no visible eye white (55.9 ± 17.0 vs. 36.6 ± 4.1%; n.s.) were recorded. A higher level of feeding synchronization was observed also when the feeding places/cow ratio was > 1 (72.1 ± 9.9 vs. 53.8 ± 5.8%), although differences were not significant (p = 0.14). Deep litter had a more positive effect than cubicles on comfort at resting, with a significantly higher percentage of ruminating cows (65.8 ± 10.2 vs. 34.2 ± 3.7%; p < 0.01), a higher percentage of cows with no visible eye white (55.6 ± 9.9 vs. 33.1 ± 3.7%; p < 0.05) and a higher percentage of cows in a more comfortable posture, with stretched legs (14.3 ± 5.1 vs. 5.6 ± 1.6%; p = 0.09). QBA highlighted the most positive emotional state in the only farm that allowed access to pasture. This study represents a first attempt to apply a protocol for on-farm welfare evaluation based exclusively on the use of positive welfare indicators and provides suggestions on possible benefits (e.g., deep litter, feeding places/cow ratio > 1, hay in the diet and access to pasture) to enhance dairy cattle welfare.

How a Robotic Visualization System Can Facilitate Targeted Muscle Reinnervation

Abstract Background Innovations in medical technologies have impacted surgery sustainably in the last decades. To enable and further improve microsurgical outcomes, different loupes and optic-based microscopes have been proposed in recent years. In amputation surgery continuous progress and prosthetic developments have provided amputees with an improved degree of function and quality of life.Herein, we present a 17-year-old patient who suffered a traumatic loss of the left upper limb and underwent target muscle reinnervation surgery facilitated by a three-dimensional (3D) robotic exoscope system. Methods The rerouting of the distal ends of the arm nerves (TMR) was performed in the upper limb of a traumatic transhumeral amputee patient using a 3D robotic exoscope system (RS, RoboticScope, BHS Technologies, Innsbruck, Austria). Perioperative data was collected and compared to standard. Users' perspective evaluation of the system during the surgical procedure was done using a 5-point Likert scale. Results Operation time was 311 minutes, the robotic system was used for 101 minutes. Overall users' evaluation revealed a 4.5 for the selected items on the Likert scale. The evaluation showed similar results in the evaluation of the system by the main and assistant surgeons. No special training was required beforehand. The bimanual control allowed for improved personal freedom in the surgical field at a comfortable position. The imaging of colors will need future improvements until an authentic representation of in situ structures is achieved. Conclusion Major advantages of a robotic scope 3D exoscope system are improved image quality, ergonomic position, and increased accessibility in a wider operating field due to system-implied features. Another benefit is digital documentation and simultaneous education through the possibility of capturing images and videos, as well as easy transportation in between operating rooms without risk to harm the vulnerable optic. Digital microscopes are still associated with high acquisition costs, and they are not yet implemented as standard of care due to limited experience.

Self-Reported Work-Related Musculoskeletal Problems and Associated Risk Factors Among Three-Wheel Car Drivers in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Community-Based Study.

Globally, the demand for mobility is increasing. Three-wheel cars are one of the best options for meeting this demand and creating new job opportunities in most developing countries, including Ethiopia. Drivers are highly susceptible to developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Even though several studies on other groups of drivers have been conducted, little is done in Ethiopia among three-wheel car drivers. This study investigated the prevalence of MSDs and identified their associated risk factors among three-wheel car drivers in Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional research was conducted among drivers of three-wheel cars from August 05 to October 07, 2022. A stratified sampling followed by a simple random sampling technique was used to select 422 respondents.Structured and pretested questionnaires adapted from the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire were used to collect the data. Epi-data version 4.2.0.0 and SPSS version 20 were used to enter and analyze the collected data, respectively. In the previous 12 months, 62.45% of three-wheel car drivers had musculoskeletal disorders in any body region (95% CI: 58.36, 66.14). The back pain was the most frequently reported site of pain in this study. This study showed that the habit of doing physical exercise, work experience, site of service, taking rest breaks while driving, and having comfortable sitting posture was risk factor for musculoskeletal pain. In this study, the overall 12-month prevalence of musculoskeletal problems among three-wheel car drivers was high. Periodic health checkups for drivers, lifestyle changes, delivering training, and creating awareness are important to address this high-burden occupation-related problem.

Ultrasound-guided suprainguinal fascia iliaca block to position the patient for neuraxial anaesthesia in acetabular surgery - a randomized controlled pilot study.

Neuraxial anaesthesia is a common choice for most hip and lower limb operations. Pain associated with positioning is often a deterrent, and the vast literature suggests different regional blocks and opioids for these patients. Patients with acetabular fractures may experience increased pain, and thus are more difficult to position for the neuraxial block. We conducted a randomized controlled pilot study to assess and compare the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided suprainguinal fascia iliaca block (SFICB) versus systemic fentanyl to facilitate positioning for combined spinal epidural (CSE) anaesthesia in patients undergoing acetabular fracture surgery. Twenty patients referred for surgical repair of acetabular fractures were randomly assigned to receive either ultrasound-guided SFICB (group B) or intravenous fentanyl (group F). Changes in visual analogue scale (VAS) scores in supine and sitting position, improvement in sitting angle (SA), positioning quality, rescue analgesic requirement, total opioid consumption, comfort VAS scores, and complications were noted to compare both groups. The post-intervention VAS score in the sitting position was significantly lower in group B than in group F (5.9 ± 2.1 vs. 3.5 ± 1.5, P = 0.01). Group B also had more significant improvement in SA (27.5° (20.75-36.5°), in comparison to group F (10 (5-18.75), P = 0.006). The positioning quality was better in group B, with 70% of patients achieving an optimal position compared to only 10% in group F ( P = 0.02). Ultrasound-guided SFICB, as compared to systemic fentanyl, provided better analgesia and helped to achieve a better and more comfortable position to perform the neuraxial block.

Exoscopic removal of the fourth ventricle choroid plexus papilloma with use of a midline suboccipital osteoplastic craniotomy.

Choroid plexus papillomas are relatively rare vascular tumors. In this video, the authors present a pediatric patient who underwent exoscopic removal of the fourth ventricle choroid plexus papilloma with the use of a midline suboccipital osteoplastic craniotomy. The exoscope in the fourth ventricle lesion helps to improve visualization in all directions, with the surgeon being able to maintain a comfortable position throughout the procedure. In addition, the midline suboccipital osteoplastic craniotomy helps to reduce the potential risks of complications, in particular, CSF leak and craniovertebral junction instability. The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2023.10.FOCVID23106.

Vocal Cool-Down In Voice Training: Method and Technical Considerations

Abstract In addition to the artistic aspect of professional voice performance, the sportive aspect is also important. The voices of professional voice actors, who are considered just like an athlete, should be strong, flexible and durable against long-term use. Also called vocal athletes, voice performers need processes such as muscle and skill development, voice warm up and cool down as in the applications expressed as periodization in sports medicine. Vocal training should aim to prepare the student for the stage not only with its artistic aspect but also with its sportive aspect. In the vocal training process, it is important to raise the awareness of the students from the very beginning of the education and to make the sportive discipline a behavior in the name of sustainable professional vocal use. It is unacceptable for a professional athlete to do some warm-up and cool-down movements with random movements or ignorance. The same is true for seeking vocal exercises for the singer.&#x0D; Exercise programs structured on a physiological basis both give predictable results, and the singer knows what to do and can ensure the performance. The most important components of the conscious training program that creates vocal periodization are vocal warming-up and cooling-down. Contrary to vocal warm-up exercises, studies on vocal cool-down are not sufficient both in the literature and in vocal training. It is an important necessity to apply vocal cool-down exercises in the same routine for the tissue recovery and to return to the speaking tone after the performance and to achieve tissue recovery under appropriate conditions. Vocal cool-down exercises are basically based on stretching and slowing down. In addition to metabolic effects such as blood flow changes, decreasing the muscle tonus, and removal of metabolites from the tissue; physiological effects such as providing a comfortable low larynx position and relaxation are targeted. Vocal cool-down techniques include semi-occluded vocal tract exercises, descending arpeggios, formant maneuvers, yawn&amp;sigh, and chewing approach. In this study, the literature on vocal cool-down exercises has been reviewed, and ideal cool-down conditions and exercises have been presented in parallel with sports physiology.&#x0D; Keywords: Voice Training, Vocal Warm-up Exercises, Vocal Cool-down Exercises, Voice Health, Vocal Performance

Using Synthetic Data for Wheelchair Footrests Design Customization: The Kyklos 4.0 Approach

Wheelchairs are complex systems often requiring a wide range of adjustments to adapt to the various types of patients’ disabilities. They also include a series of additional elements, for example footrests, designed to keep the patient in a comfortable position. Unfortunately, most of the commercial products do not allow maintaining the position of a patient foot who has no control over his lower limbs. To address this issue, customization seems to be the appropriate solution as it enables to tailor products based on predetermined features. In (Gharra et al, 2023), we have explored the use of computer vision and AI to correctly define customized parameters of the wheelchairs’ footrests. The proposed solution is based on estimating geometric properties of real shoes contours. Although this solution was accurate to some extent, its main drawback was the small amount of data that we were able to collect. For this reason, we decided to explore another approach where shoes contours data is synthetic, and Conventional Neural Networks (CNNs) are applied. This paper discusses the synthetic data approach and compares its performance to the one described in (Gharra et al, 2023).

Using Herbal-Cake-Separated Moxibustion for the Treatment of Rats with Chronic Renal Failure.

In the process of moxibustion in clinical practice, subjects need to be in a stable mood and comfortable posture to avoid problems such as moxa ash falling, scalding skin, and poor curative effect. Such problems also exist in the rat moxibustion experiment. To simulate clinical practice, it is necessary to introduce an experimental instrument in animal experiments, that is, a moxibustion device with fixed rats and moxibustion treatment synchronization, which can make experimental rats receive moxibustion treatment quietly and comfortably under non-anesthesia. Our research group designed a rat moxibustion experimental platform. The device was framed by a wooden board with a supporting base plate, multiple fixed components, and partitioned components. The device can achieve the operation mode of moxibustion in rats without binding, avoiding anesthesia and scalding and simultaneously exposing multiple acupoints on the back. This operation can avoid physical and mental injury to rats and operators, which improves the research efficiency and further promotes the development and research of moxibustion animal experiments. The device has a simple structure, is easy to operate and popularize, is comprehensively and innovatively designed, reusable, and is suitable for rat experiments mainly based on moxibustion. This article mainly introduces the structure of the experimental platform device for rat moxibustion, the basic procedure of herbal-cake-separated-moxibustion in experimental rats using the device and describes the establishment of a rat model of chronic renal failure (CRF) and representative experimental results.

Introducing next-generation transcranial surgery with the head-mounted 3D View Vision display in extracorporeal microsurgery: illustrative cases.

Exoscopy in neurosurgery offers various advantages, including increased freedom of the viewing axis while the surgeon maintains a comfortable upright position. However, the optimal monitor positioning to avoid interference with surgical manipulation remains unresolved. Herein, the authors describe two cases in which a three-dimensional head-mounted display (3D-HMD) was introduced into a transcranial neurosurgical procedure using an exoscope. Case 1 was a 50-year-old man who presented with recurrent epistaxis and was diagnosed with an olfactory neuroblastoma that extended from the nasal cavity to the anterior cranial base and infiltrated the right anterior cranial fossa. Case 2 was a 65-year-old man who presented with epistaxis and was diagnosed with a left-sided olfactory neuroblastoma. In both cases, en bloc tumor resection was successfully performed via a simultaneous exoscopic transcranial approach using a 3D-HMD and an endoscopic endonasal approach, eliminating the need to watch a large monitor beside the patient. This is the first report of using a 3D-HMD in transcranial surgery. The 3D-HMD effectively addressed issues with the field of vision and concentration while preserving the effectiveness of traditional microscopic and exoscopic procedures when observed on a 3D monitor. Combining the 3D-HMD with an exoscope holds the potential to become a next-generation surgical approach.

Анализ зависимости удовлетворенности жизнью от уровня экономического развития общества

The problem of increasing the quality of human life is multicomponent and multifaceted. In this context, there is a need to conduct scientific research that can comprehensively reflect the level of development of the state, assess the attractiveness of a country or region not only from an economic point of view, but also from the position of comfort, stability and people’s subjective perception of the state of civil society. This problem, according to the authors, is solved by studying life satisfaction. It involves analyzing and assessing the factors that determine the perception of a person’s quality of life in order to determine priorities in increasing the population’s life satisfaction. In this article, life satisfaction is understood as an individual’s subjective assessment of his economic and social situation. When determining the happiness rating, both objective socio-economic indicators and indicators of the development of civil society, including subjectively perceived ones, are used. The results of the analysis of life satisfaction can form the basis for the formation of macroeconomic policy of the state. Achieving high scores in the happiness rating creates an attractive image of the country, which has a positive effect on the establishment of favorable diplomatic relations and creates conditions for the influx of investments. The purpose of this article is to determine the level of influence of economic well-being on life satisfaction. The study carried out an analysis of macroeconomic indicators and indicators used in the formation of happiness ratings. Using the example of the economy of the Republic of Moldova, the effect of the Easterlin paradox is demonstrated. The authors calculated the correlation coefficient between GDP per capita indicators and the level of happiness, which showed the presence of a moderate, rather than strong, relationship between them.