Relative Positioning Research Articles

Language legislation in the era of independence: sociolinguistic dimension

The objective of the paper is to examine the sociolinguistic dimension of language legislation in Ukraine. The study focuses on the impact of the “language issue” on Ukrainian society in the context of war as well as to analyse linguistic representations, ideologies, and attitudes and their impact on the linguistic behaviour of Ukrainians. A resource for activating interpersonal solidarity and resistance to the enemy, and for modulating the manifestation of individual positions in macrosociological and political relations that may arise in the process of interaction. With the help of a critical approach to the theoretical guidelines of the study the role of language legislation in shaping language policy and regulating the use of languages in various spheres of life is analysed. The issues of linguistic equality, diglossia, and language policy in relation to minority languages are considered. The most important issue of the paper is that the language legislation of the independence era in Ukraine is of great importance for the sociolinguistic development of society. In times of war, it affects language processes, language policy, and the total transition to the state language. Excluding the language of the enemy, however, does not mean levelling all languages. It is important to strike a balance between protecting the language rights of citizens and preserving linguistic diversity in the country.

An Ensemble Machine Learning Approach for Classifying Job Positions

Machine learning is one of the promising research areas in computer science, with numerous applications in automated detection of meaningful data patterns. Several data-centric studies were conducted on evaluating competencies, detecting similar jobs and predicting salaries of various job positions. However, the hazy distinction between closely related job positions requires powerful predictive algorithms. The present study proposed an ensemble approach for accurate classification of various job positions. Accordingly, different machine learning algorithms were applied on 955 instances obtained from Glassdoor using web scraping. Furthermore, the present study classify various job positions based on average salary and other correlated explanatory variables that cover many aspects of job activities on the internet. The study result revealed the superior performance of heterogeneous ensembles in terms of precision and accuracy. The proposed data-centric approach produce strong models for researchers, recruiters, and candidates to assigned job positions and its competencies.

Key considerations for conducting qualitative research with LGBTQ + youth

Qualitative research involving lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ+) youth must be sensitive to their exposure to stressors resulting from heteronormativity, cisnormativity, homophobia, and transphobia. This scoping review was conducted to explore unique methodological strategies for conducting qualitative data collection with LGBTQ + youth and identify any themes on facilitators and barriers to effective qualitative research involving these populations. Using seven EBSCO databases and the website ResearchRabbit, 149 studies were found, of which 30 were included in this review. This review revealed several key considerations for planning and conducting qualitative research with these populations, including alignment between theoretical framework and methodological approach, recruitment sites and strategies, interviewer positionality in relation to participants, parental consent for minor participation and protection of minor participants who may not be “out” to parents or adult caregivers, the site and setting of qualitative interviews, and innovative methodologies. Additionally, this review allowed for reflections on study limitations beyond the conventional non-generalizability disclaimers often used in qualitative research, providing useful insights for researchers conducting qualitative research with LGBTQ + youth and young adults.

Facilitated Enzymatic Chain Reaction-Based Bioelectrocatalysis via Solid Binding Peptide-Guided Bienzyme Co-Immobilization Strategy

The multienzyme complex in biological systems are highly ordered so that intermediate molecules occurred during enzymatic sequential reaction are efficiently delivered to downstream enzymes without diffused to bulk phase. Recently, the cascadic multienzymes have been adopted to enzymatic electrocatalytic platform to be applied for enzyme-based bioelectronics such as enzyme fuel cell, biosensors, and electrosynthetic system. This cascadic enzyme-electrode, in which interfacial electron transfer (ET) occurs concurrently with inter-enzyme chain reaction, has been regarded promising for the advancement of enzyme-based bioelectronics performance. However, co-regulation of interfacial electrical connection and inter-enzyme chain reaction efficiency has been known to be highly challenging due to systematic complexity. In this context, the generalized enzyme immobilization tool is significantly needed to be developed to control inter-enzyme and enzyme-electrode interface concurrently.Herein, enzyme cascade-based direct bioelectrocatalytic system has been constructed by immobilizing enzymes using the solid binding peptide (SBP) linker that can control surface-orientation of enzymes on electrode. Here, invertase (INV) and FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase gamma-alpha complex (GDHγα) were utilized as upstream- and downstream enzyme so that the sucrose hydrolysis (at INV) and glucose oxidation (at GDHγα) is concomitantly occurred. Especially, the GDHγα that is direct electron transfer (DET)-capable oxidoreductase, has bi-function that are downstream catalysis and transport of produced electrons toward electrode that cause bioelectrocatalytic current signal. To immobilize enzymes and control relative orientation of coupling enzymes, the SBP linker was tethered various termini (C-, N-, or both termini) of INV when SBP fusion site of GDHγα was fixed to C-terminus of GDH α subunit to enable efficient interfacial DET, based on previous study. Therefore, the inter-enzyme relative orientation dependent chain reaction efficiency was evaluated with resulting DET-based electrocatalytic current. In the result, it was found that the interfacial DET at GDHγα-electrode could be affected by binding conformation of co-immobilized enzyme, fusion INV. Most importantly, the chain reaction efficiency between INV and GDHγα was revealed to be diverse depending on different relative orientation determined by SBP tethering sites in enzymes. The intermediate delivery route was changed by relative positioning of coupling active sites, affecting overall cascade reaction rate. Taking into account the factors related with interfacial DET and intermediate delivery, precise design of bienzymatic electrode is indeed necessary in order to introduce SBP-tethering technique to cascadic enzyme-derived direct electrocatalytic platform. Figure 1

Simulation of Binder Infiltration in Additive Manufacturing of Sand Molds

This article proposes a computational fluid dynamics approach to simulate binder infiltration in 3D printing of sand molds using OpenFOAM facilitating the identification of suitable levers for application‐specific material and process developments. A method for randomly generating powder bulks of designated powder size distributions (PSD) and procedures for automated analysis of the infiltration profile and volume are introduced. Simulation is utilized to investigate binder infiltration using different droplet spacings, representing different printheads’ resolutions. The apparent particle size at the exact location of the droplets’ impact, the droplets’ landing position in relation to the respective surface topography, and thus the statistical appearance of particle formations appear to be influencing the infiltration profile. High‐speed camera observations show the plausibility of the predicted infiltration kinetics. An exemplary use case compares the predicted infiltration profiles to the compressive strength of specimens printed from silica sand with low binder contents. Simulation predicts an average infiltration of 250 μm that presumably achieves reliable bonding for layer thicknesses up to 365 μm. A decrease in strength with increasing layer thickness at constant binder contents can be found in the experiment – at layer thicknesses above 350 μm, only minor strengths are achieved.

Accuracy of Positioning and Risk Factors for Malpositioning Custom-Made Femoral Stems in Total Hip Arthroplasty-A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis.

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is commonly performed using off-the-shelf implants. In the case of a severe mismatch between the anatomy of the proximal femur and the geometry of the stem, the use of custom-made stems might become necessary. The goal of this study was to investigate the precision of the implantation of custom-made stems of one manufacturer (CTX stem, AQ Implants) and to determine risk factors for malpositioning. All patients receiving a custom-made CTX stem between 2014 and 2020 at six high-volume academic centers were retrospectively recruited. The achieved position of the stem, as determined by stem version, stem coronal angle, and implantation depth on radiographs, was compared to the plan. The influence of radiographic and demographic parameters on the position was investigated. The results revealed a high variability of the achieved implant position in relation to the preoperative plan. While the stem coronal angle only differed slightly from the intended position, the stem version and the implantation depth showed a high frequency and amount of deviation. Right stems showed significantly higher positions than planned. Surgeons must be aware of this potential problem when implanting custom-made stems.

Navigating multiple accountabilities through managers’ boundary work in professional service firms

PurposeThis study explores the professional work of managers in professional service firms (PSFs) by focusing on the relational position of managers as they interface between diverse groups of actors and navigate a multiplicity of accountabilities.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on an ethnographic study of managers in a Brazilian PSF, this study demonstrates through observations, interviews and shadowing how PSF managers address multiple accountabilities in the conduct of professional work.FindingsTo navigate multiple accountabilities, PSF managers perform several forms of boundary work, which the authors conceptualize as “revamping” and “remolding” operations and “translating” and “transforming” understandings. The form of boundary work performed depends on the configuration of two elements of accountability demands: knowledge orientation and extent of exposure. Although analytically distinct, these elements intertwine, suggesting the need for a dynamic perspective on accountability. The analysis shows that professional work extends beyond fixed or passive views of hierarchical and intrinsic accountability to emphasize that managers exude accountability of an adaptive nature.Research limitations/implicationsThis study illustrates and theorizes the role of boundary work in PSFs, develops its link to accountability, and identifies its scholarly and practical affordances and limitations for understanding managers’ professional work when navigating multiple accountabilities.Originality/valueThe findings reveal perspectives and behaviors of managers embedded in PSFs, illustrating their unstructured and agentic experiences of accountability and boundary work in practice. The insights can be extended to other contexts where managers face multiple accountabilities in conducting professional work.

Strategic distinctiveness: awakening the ‘sleeping giants’ of England and Wales’s NHS charities

Building on remarkable and sudden fundraising success during the Covid-19 pandemic, many National Health Service (NHS) charities in England and Wales have undergone a period of rapid organisational transformation and growth. This article explores these developments by considering how claims to distinction contribute to new organisational identities and allow access to valuable resources and funding opportunities. After situating recent developments within the policy background and key changes in governance and regulation since the 1990s, we report on interviews with directors and trustees of NHS Charities Together (NHSCT), the national membership organisation of NHS charities. These offer new insight into strategic shifts and the desire to form a distinct and unified identity for NHS charities. Highlighting ongoing tensions and debates within the sector, findings raise important questions over the role of NHS charities and their position in relation to the NHS and the state.

“Scholar–Practitioners”, Reflexivity and the Illusio of the Field: Ethnography, Yoga Studies and the Social Scientific Study of Religion

This article dialogues with “yoga studies” and the social scientific study of religion (e.g., the sociology of religion and religious studies), arguing that both substantially neglect a thorough discussion of scholars’ engagement in the field despite being largely composed by “scholar–practitioners”. This is problematic from a methodological point of view as well as from an ethical perspective. Moving in the interstices between biographical reflections, critical social theory and methodological notes on embodied ethnographic research, I self-reflexively discuss my “shifting positionality” from devoted yoga practitioner to critical scholar, mapping the most significant turning points that I encountered during my research on the pedagogies of modern forms of yoga (2017–current). In so doing, I also discuss my overall positioning, participation and ethical reflections in relation to the main object of inquiry of my research. From this, I posit that the positions of scholar and practitioner are, at least in some cases, incommensurable, while the scholar–practitioner may also foster a unique way of knowing based on reflexivity as a living engagement and on the linkages between theory and practice from which there is much to gain.

Mesophotic benthic communities associated with a submerged palaeoshoreline in Western Australia.

Key ecological features (KEFs) are elements of Australia's Commonwealth marine environment considered to be important for biodiversity or ecosystem function, yet many KEFs are poorly researched, which can impede effective decision-making about future development and conservation. This study investigates a KEF positioned over the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) shoreline on the northwest shelf of Australia (known as the 'Ancient Coastline at ~125m depth contour'; AC125). Seafloor bathymetry, sedimentology and benthic habitats were characterised within five study areas using multibeam sonar, sediment samples and towed video imagery. Direct evidence for the existence of a palaeoshoreline formed during the LGM was not found, however candidate areas to find palaeoshoreline material at or just below the modern seabed were discovered. Approximately 98% of the seabed surveyed was comprised of unconsolidated soft sediment habitat (mud/sand/silt) supporting negligible epibenthic biota. The prevalence of soft sediment suggests that post-glacial sediments have infilled parts of the palaeoshoreline, with cross-shelf, probably tidal currents in the northern section of the study area responsible for some of the sediment mobilisation and southern study areas more influenced by oceanic conditions. Within study areas, total biotic cover ranged from 0.02% to 1.07%. Of the biota encountered, most comprised filter feeder organisms (including gorgonians, sponges, and whip corals) whose distribution was associated with pockets of consolidated hard substrate. Benthic community composition varied with both study area and position in relation to the predicted AC125. In general, consolidated substrate was proportionally higher in water shallower than the AC125 compared to on the AC125 or deeper than the AC125. Spatially continuous maps of predicted benthic habitat classes (pre-determined benthic communities) in each study area were developed to characterise biodiversity. Spatial modelling corroborated depth and large-scale structural complexity of the seafloor as surrogates for predicting likely habitat class. This study provides an important assessment of the AC125 and shows that if a distinct coastline exists in the areas we surveyed, it is now largely buried and as such does not provide a unique hard substrate habitat. However, much work remains to fully locate and map the ancient coastline within the vast region of the AC125 and additional surveys in shallow waters adjacent to the AC125 may identify whether some sections lie outside the currently defined KEF.

Thermal analysis for foreign objects in high-power wireless power transfer systems

PurposeThis paper aims to present a fast and modular framework implementation for the thermal analyses of foreign metal objects in the context of wireless power transfer (WPT) to evaluate whether they pose a hazard to the system. This framework serves as a decision-making tool for determining the necessity of foreign object detection in certain applications and at certain transmitted power levels.Design/methodology/approachTo assess the necessity of implementing foreign object detection, the considered WPT system is modeled, and Arnoldi-Krylov-based model order reduction is applied to generate separate reduced models of the ground and vehicle modules of the WPT system. This enables interoperable evaluations to be conducted. Further discussion on the implementation details of the system-level simulations used to evaluate the electrical and thermal characteristics is provided. The resulting modular implementation allows for efficient evaluation of the thermal behavior of the wireless charging system at various transferred power levels and under various boundary conditions.FindingsBased on the transferred power level, the WPT model, the relative positioning between the vehicle and the charging pad and the charging time, it may be necessary to divide the area of the charging pad into multiple regions for the purpose of implementing foreign object detection.Originality/valueWhile the tools and fundamentals of thermal analysis are widely known and used, their application to high-power WPT systems for electric vehicles has not yet been thoroughly discussed in this form in the literature. The approach presented in this paper is not limited to the specific WPT model discussed but rather is directly applicable to other WPT models as well.

“Tú sabes lo que le pasa a él?”: the Role of (Relational) Epistemics in Indirect Complaint Sequences in Spanish and English Family Talk

Abstract Drawing on interactional pragmatics and membership categorisation analysis, this paper explores indirect (third-party-oriented and situation-oriented) complaints in Spanish and English interactions between family members where expectations of affiliation are contingent on (relational) epistemic (im)balances. We analyse how (1) disaffiliation is constructed through the recipient’s more knowledgeable position in relation to the matter at hand, (2) complainability is legitimised when the recipient lacks epistemic access to the issue and (3) complaints are partially disattended by the recipient due to their inferior epistemic status regarding the situation. Throughout, we argue that (relational) epistemics is a necessary feature to incorporate in analysis, when it concerns the recipient’s responses and, therefore, interpersonal achievement of social actions. We show how complainants treat the prior turns as relevant to the rights, obligations and expectations related to their relational categories and how extended sequences of complaints are co-constructed and negotiated in interaction.

Multi-Body Hydrodynamic Interactions in Fish-Like Swimming

Abstract Many animals in nature travel in groups either for protection, survival, or endurance. Among these, certain species do so under the burden of aero/hydrodynamic loads, which incites questions as to the significance of the multibody fluid-mediated interactions that are inherent to collective flying/swimming. Prime examples of such creatures are fish, which are commonly seen traveling in highly organized groups of large numbers. Indeed, over the years, there have been numerous attempts to examine hydrodynamic interactions among self-propelled fish-like swimmers. Though many have studied this phenomenon, their motivations have varied from understanding animal behavior to extracting universal fluid dynamical principles and transplanting them into engineering applications. The approaches utilized to carry out these investigations include theoretical and computational analyses, field observations, and experiments using various abstractions of biological fish. Here, we compile representative investigations focused on the collective hydrodynamics of fish-like swimmers. The selected body of works are reviewed in the context of their methodologies and findings, so as to draw parallels, contrast differences, and highlight open questions. Overall, the results of the surveyed studies provide foundational insights into the conditions (such as the relative positioning and synchronization between the members, as well as their swimming kinematics and speed) under which hydrodynamic interactions can lead to efficiency gains and/or group cohesion in two- and three-dimensional scenarios. They also shed some light on the mechanisms responsible for such energetic and stability enhancements in the context of wake-body, wake-wake, and body-body interactions.

‘Happy Stories’ of Swedish Exceptionalism

AbstractSexuality education (SE) takes place in fields of tension where biology, legislation, norms, and values intersect. Drawing on Ahmed’s phenomenological account of whiteness, this article examines how Swedish whiteness is constructed and reproduced within SE. In Sweden, SE is formalised as an overarching, subject-integrated knowledge area where the biology subject plays a crucial role in its delivery. To include a wide spectrum of SE, where both planned and unplanned aspects of teaching are considered, as well as tensions in the content, we have analysed eight semi-structured teacher interviews and five biology textbooks. Our analysis shows how Swedish whiteness is reproduced as a form of institutionalised orientation constructed by norms, social values, people, subject knowledge, policies, and legislation, all intertwined in a complex web. This web places SE, teachers, and pupils in a racial landscape that constructs and reproduces specific forms of Swedish whiteness by assigning each a position in relation to familiarity. This familiarity provides a taken-for-granted starting point in SE, where ‘here’ is constructed as a place of progression, openness, and possibilities for happy future sexual lives, while other places come to stand out as hyper-visible examples of the less familiar, less happy, and ‘far away’. From this outpost, teachers and biology textbooks construct and reproduce Swedish whiteness through ‘happy stories’ of Swedish exceptionalism. Although these positive messages in SE may stem from good intentions, our findings show that a colourblind view of racial hierarchies in the rendering of ‘happy stories, about, for example, gay rights, free abortion, and equality also contributes to reproducing whiteness and reinforcing ideas about race and Swedish exceptionalism in SE.

NAVEGANDO PELO(S) PRINCÍPIO(S) DA PRECAUÇÃO

ABSTRACT This paper aims to map the different theoretical options related to the Precautionary Principle (PP). Great part of the literature on it can be systematized by answering to three different questions: is there a basic structure in the PP? If so, in which interpretation of the PP does this structure express itself? Finally, are its damage or knowledge conditions fixed or adjustable? The first question separates realist from non-realist approaches. The second question allows us to discriminate monist, dualist, or pluralist positions in relation to the three interpretations of the PP: decision rule, procedural requirement, or epistemic rule. Finally, the third question distinguishes rigid from non-rigid formulations of the principle. Based on this mapping, one can not only navigate through the different formulations of the PP present both in official documents and in specialized literature, but also deflect some of its common objections, and understand Hans Jonas’ eventual connection with PP. Notwithstanding, this mapping does not capture other important themes attached to PP, which motivates a final distinction between narrow and broader forms of PP.

Comparative evaluation of the volume of occlusal adjustment of repositioning occlusal devices designed by using an average value digital articulator and the jaw movement analyzer

Statement of problemThe volume of occlusal adjustment of digital occlusal devices designed with different digital occlusal articulators is unknown. PurposeThe purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy and volume of occlusal adjustment of digital occlusal devices designed by using an average value digital articulator and the jaw movement analyzer (JMA). Material and methodsThirty participants were randomly divided into 2 groups, an Average value group and a JMA group, with 15 participants in each group. The centric relation position of the participants was determined by an experienced investigator with the aid of a leaf gauge. An intraoral scanner (TRIOS 3) was used to obtain digital scans of the maxillary and mandibular dentition and the maxillomandibular relationship record in the centric relation position. Personalized articulator parameters of participants in the JMA group were obtained by using a JMA (JMAnalyser). Different articulator parameters were used to fabricate an occlusal device in a denture design software program (exocad DentalCAD). The surface of the occlusal device was coated with a dental optical spray and then scanned by using a laboratory scanner (Kavo LS3). The process was repeated after the occlusal device was adjusted. The files of the 2 scans were imported into a reverse engineering software program, and the root mean square (RMS) values were obtained by best-fit alignment and 3-dimensional comparison. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test and homogeneity of variance test were performed, and t tests were used to evaluate differences in the RMS values between the groups (α=.05). ResultsThe experimental data were generally normally distributed (P>.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the RMS values of the Average and the JMA groups (P>.05). ConclusionsNo significant difference in the volume of occlusal adjustment was found when using occlusal devices made by using the digital average articulator or the JMA, suggesting that either method can be used to program articulators for the fabrication of occlusal devices.

Survival of the social? Effects of intra-party cooperation on MP renomination

Parties are the nucleus of modern parliaments. Therefore it is crucial to understand cooperation and competition within parties. In most parliaments, we can observe some form of cooperation, like cosponsorship. In this paper, cosponsorship is used to identify the relationships of MPs within their parliamentary party group, and to infer whether this relational position has an effect on their reselection. Are better embedded and connected MPs more likely to be reselected? Do peers matter in reselection? This question is also of theoretical interest in the light of competing principals (Carey, 2007). The empirical analysis first replicates the model of MP renomination by Baumann et al. (2017), adding a new data set from the German Bundestag, used to provide the relational independent variables of cosponsorship centrality. The key finding of the analysis is that cosponsorship closeness is a significant predictor of MP reselection and can be seen as a compelling complement to the model by Baumann et al. With cooperation shown to be significant when it comes to renomination, the understanding of peer-induced competition, competing principals theory can be further developed to aid our understanding of MP cooperation and competition, delegation, agency and collective principals in modern parties.

DIGITAL ECONOMY TO BOOST ECONOMY RECOVERY POST-PANDEMIC: INDONESIA'S STRATEGIC POSITION AS NEW ECONOMIC POWER IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

The concept of the digital economy is a relatively new term used by Don Tapscott in 1995. Since then, this term has been widely discussed in different environments, and many countries have started transforming into digital economies using various strategies. The COVID-19 pandemic did not even stop the popularity of the digital economy; in fact, it is expected to be the core of economic recovery post-Covid-19, necessarily in Indonesia. Indonesia's massive number of internet users creates the opportunity to promote digitalization and eventually transform into a digital economy environment. In 2021, the digital trade valuation reached IDR 401 Trillion with an increasing preference for online spending habits. Supported by the rapid growth of the digital payment system and digital banking, the digital economy in Indonesia is projected to reach USD 146 billion valuations by the end of 2025. This study aims to discover the progression of the digital economy in Indonesia in regards to accelerating economic recovery post-pandemic covid-19 and how it would affect Indonesia's position in relations with South East Asia Countries. Furthermore, the report will also discuss the challenge and opportunity to transform into a digital society.

Affective geographies in pandemic times: An intersectional analysis of women's wellbeing in Aotearoa New Zealand

This article builds upon and extends a growing body of literature focused on how the pandemic has shifted human relations with space, place, and wellbeing. Working at the intersection of pandemic and feminist geographies, we focus on how the reconceptualizing of familiar spaces and places during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted women's embodied, affective, and subjective experiences of wellbeing. Drawing upon interviews with 38 women from diverse socio-cultural backgrounds living in Aotearoa New Zealand during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, we detail the emergence of different spatial arrangements and affective relations with familiar spaces and places (i.e., domestic, nature, and digital spaces). We then explain how these emergent affective and spatial relations prompted new understandings of wellbeing. The article also highlights the multiplicities of women's subjective experiences of wellbeing as shaped by their varied socio-cultural positionings in relation to pandemic geographies.

Affective stance as positioning in an English-speaking online fan community

This study analyses how affective stance is used for evaluation and positioning in fan discourse. Adopting a corpus-based approach, the paper focuses on affective stance verbs in an English-speaking popular media fandom on three social media platforms, Twitter, Tumblr, and Reddit. Fans use affective stance to construct positions in relation to the popular media franchise, in this case a popular Japanese manga and anime series. By combining quantitative and qualitative linguistic analysis the study shows that stancetaking verbalises fans’ investment in the fictional world of the narrative media, in the franchise production, and in the context of fan productivity. The discursively constructed positions reflect common fan practices such as publicising fan affect and emotions, reviewing the franchise critically, and sharing textual fan productivity. The analysis associates platform differences with the social norms of the fans and the technological affordances that enable their interaction. Because hashtag-based interaction on micro-blogs is primarily indirect, the study argues that the interactive functions of stance can be understood in relation to the general fandom affect.