Position Values Research Articles

Approximate Solutions of the Schrodinger Equation for a Momentum-Dependent potential

The solution of one-dimensional Schrodinger equation for a newly proposed potential called modified shifted Deng-Fan momentum-dependent potential is obtained via supersymmetric approach. The expectation values of momentum and position were calculated using Hellmann Feynman Theorem. The effects of momentum-dependent parameter on the solutions of the system as well as the expectation values were studied. Finally, the special cases of the interacting potential were obtained.

Normative globe position values on orbital computed tomography in Australians

ObjectifDéterminer par tomodensitométrie les valeurs correspondant à la position normale du globe oculaire, à la distance inter-zygomatique (DIZ) de même qu’à la longueur et à la largeur axiales du globe oculaire au sein d'une cohorte australienne. NatureÉtude de cohorte rétrospective. ParticipantsPatients qui ont fait l'objet d'une tomodensitométrie orbitaire, excluant ceux qui présentaient une atteinte bilatérale, qui avaient déjà subi une chirurgie orbitaire ou dont les images tomodensitométriques étaient de piètre qualité. MéthodesLa coupe axiale au milieu du globe a permis de mesurer la position du globe oculaire. La position antérieure du globe se définissait comme la distance perpendiculaire de la marge antérieure du globe à la ligne inter-zygomatique, tandis que la position postérieure du globe se définissait comme la distance perpendiculaire de la marge postérieure du globe à la ligne inter-zygomatique. RésultatsVoici les mesures normales (moyenne ± é.-t.) : DIZ, 97,4 ± 4,1 mm; position antérieure du globe, 18,8 ± 2,8 mm; position postérieure du globe, 6,2 ± 2,9 mm; longueur axiale du globe, 24,9 ± 1,1 mm et largeur axiale du globe, 25,9 ± 1,2 mm. On a pu établir une corrélation positive significative entre la DIZ et la position antérieure du globe (r = 0,15; p = 0,03), la longueur axiale du globe (r = 0,33; p < 0,01) et la largeur axiale du globe (r = 0,30; p < 0,01). ConclusionCes données normatives quant à la position du globe oculaire peuvent servir au diagnostic radiologique des exophtalmies ou des énophtalmies.

The effects of calf muscle self-massage on ankle joint range of motion and tendon-muscle morphology

IntroductionSelf-massage using a foam roller (foam rolling) has been used to improve joint range of motion (ROM). However, the effect of foam rolling on the morphology of a targeted muscle, tendon, and muscle-tendon unit (MTU) has not been fully clarified. This study aimed to investigate extensibility changes in the gastrocnemius muscle (GM), MTU, and the Achilles tendon (AT) in terms of maximum ankle dorsiflexion (max-DF) following a foam rolling intervention. This was an interventional study with no controls. MethodsStudy participants comprised 10 male and female students (mean [standard deviation]: 22.7 [2.5] years; height, 164.2 [6.7] cm; weight, 57.9 [7.9] kg). The foam rolling intervention was performed on the right leg plantar flexor muscles for 3 min. The outcomes were max-DF with specified resistance values (ROM-SR) and non-specified resistance values (ROM-NSR) and GM, MTU, and AT extensibility. An ultrasound device was used to determine the rate of change by subtracting the value in a neutral ankle joint position (0°) from the ankle max-DF to identify GM, MTU, and AT extensibility. All outcomes were measured pre- and post-intervention. ResultsThe range of ankle joint dorsiflexion increased significantly following the foam rolling intervention (Δ: ROM-SR, +4.35 [5.79]; ROM-NSR, +4.18 [4.43]), whereas GM extensibility increased 4.0 mm, although no significant difference was observed pre- and post-intervention. ConclusionFoam rolling was effective in increasing ankle joint dorsiflexion ROM. Moreover, it was suggested that the GM morphology might be affected by the intervention.

Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm and Chaotic System

This article proposes an image encryption algorithm based on a chaotic bit-plane decomposition and optimization algorithm of a crossover operator artificial bee colony algorithm. Firstly, use the SHA-256 hash algorithm to calculate the plaintext image’s hash value as the starting value of the fractional Lorenz hyperchaotic system after operation. Utilize the chaotic sequence to permutate plaintext image in a bit plane to obtain the scrambled image. Secondly, block the scrambled image into four subimages of equal size, and count the hash value of each row of each block by the SHA-256 hash algorithm as the starting value of the Sine-Tent-Logistic chaotic system. Use the obtained chaotic sequence to substitute the images. Then, stitch the four sub-block images to get the final encrypted image, and the population is obtained. Finally, use the information entropy of ciphertext image as the fitness function of the artificial bee colony algorithm based on a crossover operator. Select the ciphertext image with the best information entropy from the population as the optimal encrypted image, and then, return the position value of the best honey source meanwhile. The experimental simulation and security analysis indicate that the scheme has an excellent encryption effect and ability to oppose various general attacks.

Hierarchical Oversight and the Value of Public Office: Evidence from Colonial Peru

The article examines how different appointment mechanisms, namely, office selling, impacted the performance of government officials in colonial Peru. Results show that entry by sales into the audiencia—a high-level institution with provincial oversight duties—worsened local governance in at least two ways: first, it led to a surge in the value of provincial positions, which capture the (illicit) returns from office. Second, it increased the likelihood of spontaneous rebellions against colonial authorities. These outcomes are likely driven by the type of official entering the audiencia—one less likely to rein in provincial officials due to the nature of their social and economic connections. The findings imply that the potential for profitable complementarities across layers of government can help us understand why and when office selling may lead to inefficient outcomes.

Flow mediated dilatation: searching high and low for a technique

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Endothelial dysfunction has a central role in atherosclerosis physiology. Flow mediated dilatation (FMD) is a non-invasive method for determining endothelial function. Cuff occlusion of forearm for 5 minutes followed by sudden release cause hyperaemia response with increased flow rate and shear stress in brachial artery. FMD measures the ratio of arterial diameter change mediated by nitric oxide (NO) in response to this increase in shear stress. FMD was first defined in 1992 but has not gained wide clinical utility due to contradictory study results. The main reason for inconsistencies is the lack of standardized definition of FMD technique. We need more studies on different steps of FMD procedure. Purpose The optimal cuff position for FMD measurements is not precisely defined. When brachial arterial flow is disturbed by occlusion, different mediators play role in hyperaemia induced dilatation. Occlusion distal to brachial artery causes mainly NO and endothelium mediated dilatation upstream. Therefore, a forearm occlusion cuff position is proposed. Currently, there is no precise definition of the cuff position in forearm. We compared proximal and distal forearm cuff occlusion positions for FMD measurements. Methods We analysed FMD in fifty healthy volunteers (mean age 31,9 ± 9,5 years; 54 % female). The subjects underwent measurements with two different occlusion positions on the same day. The sequence of occlusion cuff position was determined with randomization. We have waited for an appropriate interval between measurements. We made sure that brachial artery has returned to its basal diameter and flow conditions before second measurement. Flow and diameter measurements were made with strict adherence to predefined timelines after cuff release. Same operator performed and recorded all FMD measurements. Results Measurements of basal diameter (p=0,97) and basal flow (p=0,53) were not different. We used random intercept mixed effects model for comparison of proximal and distal occlusion positions. This enabled interpretation of FMD results with refinement of sequence and basal diameter’s possible effects. The FMD values of proximal forearm occlusion cuff position were 2,2 % higher compared to distal position. (p=0,027) The sequence of occlusion cuff position did not have significant effect on consecutive FMD measurements. (p=0,405). Conclusions We have shown that the forearm occlusion cuff position affects FMD measurements. This effect can be responsible for inter-study differences of FMD. Further research is required for interpretation of this difference in terms of molecular mechanisms and its applicability in clinical practice.

The effect of Positions on selected Physiological parameters among Term Neonates in a selected Hospital, Kerala

Simple intervention like appropriate positioning of neonate is vital since it affects many physiological parameters and reduces neonatal morbidity. This study was conducted to assess the effect of positions on selected physiological parameters among term neonates in a selected hospital, Kerala. The objectives were (1) To assess the effect of supine position on selected physiological parameters among term neonates. (2) To assess the effect of lateral position on selected physiological parameters among term neonates. (3) To assess the effect of prone position on selected physiological parameters among term neonates. (4) To compare the effects of supine, lateral and prone positions on physiological parameters among term neonates. (5) To associate the effect of positions on physiological parameters among term neonates with selected variables. One group pre-test post- test design was used to collect data from a total of forty subjects, by purposive sampling method. Baseline proforma and observation chart were used to collect the data. The heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation were recorded at 5th, 15th and 30th minutes in supine, lateral and prone positions. The data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Comparison of effect of positions revealed that the mean heart rate and mean oxygen saturation showed the highest values in supine position. Highest mean respiratory rate was same in supine and prone position. With neonatal age in days and gestational age in weeks oxygen saturation showed a positive correlation. The Fisher test revealed that there was statistical difference at 5% significant level only in heart rate and respiratory rate in supine and prone position.

Normative values for internal and external glenohumeral rotation strength in rugby players: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

This systematic review aims to provide normative values for internal and external glenohumeral rotation strength in rugby players. From the inception to March 2021, the search strategy was (strength OR torque) AND shoulder AND rugby using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus databases, with no language restrictions. This systematic review includes 15 articles involving 573 rugby players and presenting internal or external glenohumeral rotation strength values. Two main methods are used to assess glenohumeral rotation strength in rugby players: isokinetic and isometric methods; in the isometric method, the upper arm is abducted at either 0° or 90°. Owing to differences in isokinetic procedures and a lack of studies assessing isometric strength when the upper arm is in a neutral position, normative internal or external glenohumeral rotation strength values are only provided for isometric contractions when the upper arm is abducted at 90° based on 311 shoulders of 163 male rugby union players, with 2.04 ± 0.15 N.kg-1 and 2.11 ± 0.13 N.kg-1 for internal and external glenohumeral rotation strength, respectively. These findings may help strength and conditioning coaches and physical therapists, provide objective evidence when deciding whether or not rugby union players should return to sport.

Measuring Water Levels by Handheld Smartphones – A contribution to exploit crowdsourcing in the spatio temporal densification of water gauging networks

Global climate change leads to an increase in local heavy rainfall events causing nearly unpredictable flash floods worldwide. This paper introduces a novel and flexible low-cost water gauging technology, called Open Water Levels, using smartphones as low-cost measuring devices enabling the crowdsourcing of water levels on demand with accuracies of a few centimetres. This merely requires smartphone camera images of a riverbank and approximate values of the camera position and rotation measured by smartphone sensors. The images are analysed for the water line that is further projected into object space and intersected with a 3D model, e.g. from a GIS database, to derive water level information.

3D locating and sizing of volumetric metal droplets with astigmatic dual-beam interferometric particle imaging at panoramic scattering angle

This work goes insight into the feasibility of astigmatic dual-beam interferometric particle imaging (ADIPI) to enable the measurement of three-dimensional (3D) positions and sizes of spherical metal droplets at panoramic scattering angle. The ADIPI signal exists at arbitrary angle except the two laser beam axes, defined as backward scattering region, forward scattering region, and sideward scattering region according to the angle of light scattering. A generalized model for three types of scattering situation is derived and an algorithm based on the ellipse detection and two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transform is applied to locate the centroid of each pattern and extract the spatial frequency and the inclination angle of fringes. Experiments are designed and performed, showing that the results in both of the depth position and size measuring of the same droplets measured from different angles are essentially identical. The average deviation values of the depth positions both are 1% for forward-sideward situation and backward-sideward situation. For backward-forward situation, backward-sideward situation and forward-sideward situation, the average deviation values in size measuring are 6%, 13% and 9%, respectively. The flexibility of ADIPI, breaking the strict requirements for equipment arrangement, can be carried out over a wide range of angles, facilitating its great potential in metal droplet measurement.

Measuring Water Levels by Handheld Smartphones – A contribution to exploit crowdsourcing in the spatio temporal densification of water gauging networks

Global climate change leads to an increase in local heavy rainfall events causing nearly unpredictable flash floods worldwide. This paper introduces a novel and flexible low-cost water gauging technology, called Open Water Levels, using smartphones as low-cost measuring devices enabling the crowdsourcing of water levels on demand with accuracies of a few centimetres. This merely requires smartphone camera images of a riverbank and approximate values of the camera position and rotation measured by smartphone sensors. The images are analysed for the water line that is further projected into object space and intersected with a 3D model, e.g. from a GIS database, to derive water level information.

Predictor feedback models for stick balancing with delay mismatch and sensory dead zones.

Human stick balancing is investigated in terms of reaction time delay and sensory dead zones for position and velocity perception using a special combination of delayed state feedback and mismatched predictor feedback as a control model. The corresponding mathematical model is a delay-differential equation with event-driven switching in the control action. Due to the sensory dead zones, initial conditions of the actual state cannot always be provided for an internal-model-based prediction, which indicates that (1) perfect prediction is not possible and (2) the delay in the switching condition cannot be compensated. The imperfection of the predictor is described by the delay mismatch, which is treated as a lumped parameter that creates a transition between perfect predictor feedback (zero delay mismatch) and delayed state feedback (mismatch equal to switching delay). The maximum admissible switching delay (critical delay) is determined numerically based on a practical stabilizability concept. This critical delay is compared to a realistic reference value of 230 ms in order to assess the possible regions of the threshold values for position and velocity perception. The ratio of the angular position and angular velocity for 44 successful balancing trials by 8 human subjects was used to validate the numerical results. Comparison of actual human stick balancing data and numerical simulations based on the mismatched predictor feedback model provided a plausible range of parameters: position detection threshold 1°, velocity detection threshold between 4.24 and 9.35°/s, and delay mismatch around 100-150 ms.

Reliability of measuring resting spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity using short sampling durations in healthy humans: Impact of central blood volume mobilization

IntroductionCalculation of spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) is used commonly to quantify arterial baroreflex buffering of beat‐to‐beat changes in blood pressure (BP). Studies report large interindividual variability in resting cBRS, which may be exacerbated by the supine posture and the use of shorter sampling duration (1‐3 min). However, this has yet to be reported in humans. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of sampling duration on the intratest reliability of resting cBRS in healthy subjects. To accomplish this, we sought to compare resting cBRS derived from a standard 10‐min epoch (control) with values sampled over 7, 5, 3, and 1 min epoch durations. In addition, we examined the impact of central blood volume (CBV) mobilization on intratest reliability of resting cBRS.MethodsIn 30 healthy subjects (28 men; 22±3yrs) beat‐to‐beat measurements of BP and heart rate were recorded for 10‐min during both sitting and supine position. The cBRS was derived by sequence technique. Randomly selected epochs of 1‐min, 3‐min, 5‐min and 7‐min were then compared to the 10‐min control. To calculate the relative and absolute reliability we analyzed the technical error of the measurement (TEM), the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Bland‐Altman analysis and coefficient of variations (CV). To test the impact of CBV mobilization on resting cBRS, ten subjects were also randomized to a non‐hypotensive lower body negative pressure (LBNP) trial at ‐20mmHg.ResultscBRS was lower in the sitting position than in the supine position (P&lt;0.01). All cBRS values were similar between each sampling duration compared to the 10‐min control (P&gt;0.12). The ICC obtained for cBRS ranged from very good to excellent in the supine position, whereas in the sitting position values demonstrated excellent between‐sampling duration reliability. The absolute and relative TEM increased with a shorter sampling duration (Table 1). In the LBNP trial, no significant differences in cBRS were observed within sampling durations in the LBNP trial (P=0.27). No significant differences in cBRS were observed between supine LBNP, sitting and supine positions (P=0.17). During LBNP trial, TEM increased with shorter sampling durations [10 vs. 7‐min: 0.7 ms/mmHg (4%), 10 vs. 5‐min: 1.4 ms/mmHg (8%), 10 vs. 3‐min: 1.9 ms/mmHg (11%), 10 vs. 1‐min: 3.1 ms/mmHg (17%), which was similar to the sitting position when compared to the supine posture.ConclusionOur findings show that 1) reliability decreased progressively using the 3‐ and 1‐min sampling durations; 2) the sitting position provides more reliable measures than all epoch durations measured in the supine position and; 3) the increases in the limits of agreement with shorter durations were attenuated by supine LBNP, suggesting that a cardiopulmonary baroreflex mechanism may play a role in the level of variability in resting cBRS.

한국무용 동작 프로그램이 여성 노인의 신체기능과 균형능력에 미치는 효과

In this study, 24 elderly women aged 65 and older were selected as study subjects and divided into two groups, 12 in the Korean dance program participant group and 12 in the control group. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a 12-week Korean dance movement program on the physical function and static and dynamic body balance abilities. In the changes found in Short Physical Performance Battery, regarding balance, the values in the semi-tandem position and the tandem position increased significantly (p<.001) after exercise in the participation group while the values in the tandem position were found to increase in the participation group compared to the control group. In the tests of gait speed and standing from a chair, the values in the participation group showed a significant (p<.001) increase after exercise and the values in the participation group increased significantly (p<.001) compared to the control group in gait speed. In the changes found in static and dynamic balance ability increased significantly (p<.05) after exercise in the participation group. Also, the values increased significantly (p<.001) compared to those in the control group in comparison between the groups. The values of static balance ability were also found to increase significantly (p<.001) after exercise in the participation group compared to the control group. As a result of the above conclusions, the Korean dance movement program applied in this study can be considered a positive exercise program model to help maintain healthy body, improve physical function and improve body balance ability for elderly women.

2차원 영상에서의 깊이 추정을 위한 객체 인식 제어 방법

In this paper, we propose a method for controlling a manipulator using a single 2D camera and an experimental system. Typically, to control the manipulator, the camera is constantly moved using a motor to navigate or detect the reference object in a fixed frame. The proposed control method does not require conventional high-performance depth cameras and can derive depth values from images acquired using a low-cost 2D camera. A real-time image frame detects objects that are the criteria and configures the learning model and communication node to draw an object-bounding box accordingly. In this work, we convert the change in size of this bounding box into a depth value. When the depth value is thus derived from the 2D image, the target position value of the manipulator can be determined. Finally, the manipulator system is configured with detection control.

Power-Dependent Characteristics of Spin Current Transfer in Metal Bilayer Devices under High-Power Pulse Excitation.

The power-dependent transfer characteristics of spin currents generated at the interface of the permalloy/Pt bilayer device have been investigated over a wide power range from a few tens of milliwatt to 396 W. We built a high-power pulse excitation system for spin pumping, which achieves large electromotive force (EMF) values of 10 mV at 396 W excitation through the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) and demonstrates that the EMF generation after pulse excitation is very fast. Under strong pulse microwave excitation more than 80 W, the EMF spectrum exhibits an asymmetrical lineshape, which is well reproduced by simulations that take into account the fold-over effect due to the nonlinear ferromagnetic resonance excitation. The maximum output power at an external load through spin pumping and the ISHE is shown to increase in proportion to the square of the input microwave power (Pin) in the power range below 80 W. This power generation proportional to Pin2 is unique to spin current-mediated power flow. In the strong excitation regime with the fold-over type EMF spectra, the EMF values of the peak magnetic field position are found to increase less linearly due to spectral broadening. This feature can be used for power generation that increases nonlinearly with respect to the input excitation power, where the nonlinearity is adjusted by varying the magnetic field position.

Facial Esthetic Analysis of Nepalese Subjects

Background: Facial beauty is a prime concern in facial esthetic treatments and facial plastic surgery. The cephalometric can be used in the diagnosis, treatment planning, assessing the growth pattern in the craniofacial complex and skeletal disproportion with the relationships of the teeth to their supporting bone. Objective: The objective of this research was to analyze the face, evaluate the variability between males and females, and determine the cephalometric norms of Nepalese subjects based on Ricketts analysis. Materials and Methods: Craniofacial analysis of 106 Nepalese Brahmins subjects (60 females and 46 males) was done using the lateral cephalogram. The samples were criteria selected who met the criteria; well-balanced face, class I canine relation, and class I molar relation with normal occlusion. Ten parameters of Ricketts analysis were measured and analyzed using SPSS 20. The results were compared among males and females using Independent T-test with P value = 0.05. Results: The mean values of the facial axis, mandibular plane angle, mandibular arc, convexity at A were higher among the Brahmin females compared to Brahmin males. While the mean values of lower facial height, lower incisor to A Pog distance, lower incisor to A Pog angle, upper molar to PTV, and distance from lower lip to E plane were higher among the Brahmin males compared to Brahmin females. Female had smaller craniofacial variables compared to males. The mean values of upper molar position are higher for both males and females compared to the standard value of 12 ±3 mm; however, the mean values are significantly higher among males compared to females (P = 0.001). It showed that the facial axis, chin position, lower facial height, and facial depth were no significant differences between Nepalese males and females. Conclusion: There was sexual dimorphism in craniofacial features in Nepalese Brahmins. Female had smaller craniofacial variables compared to males. This research provided an overview of craniofacial features and they can be a norm for Nepalese Brahmins in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

Impact of the Aortic Geometry on TAVI Prosthesis Positioning Using Self-Expanding Valves.

Background: The impact of transcatheter heart valve (THV) position on the occurrence of paravalvular leakage and permanent pacemaker implantation caused by new-onset conduction disturbances is well described. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the geometry of the thoracic aorta on the implantation depth after TAVI (transcatheter heart valve implantation) using self-expanding valve (SEV) types. Methods: We evaluated three-dimensional geometry of the thoracic aorta based on computed tomography angiography (CTA) in 104 subsequently patients receiving TAVI with SEV devices (Evolut R). Prosthesis position was determined using the fusion imaging method of pre- and post-procedural CTA. An implantation depth of ≥4 mm was defined as the cut-off value for low prosthesis position. Results: The mean implantation depth of the THV in the whole cohort was 4.3 ± 3.0 mm below annulus plane. THV position was low in 66 (63.5%) patients and high in 38 (36.5%) patients. After multivariate adjustment none of the aortic geometry characteristics showed an independent influence on the prosthesis position—neither the Sinus of Valsalva area (p = 0.335) nor the proximal aortic arch diameter (p = 0.754) or the distance from annulus to descending aorta (p = 0.309). Conclusion: The geometry of the thoracic aorta showed no influence on the positioning of self-expanding TAVI valve types.

A Family of Position Values for Directed Communication Situations

In this paper, we define a family of values for directed communication situations that are inspired by the position value. We use the concept of directed communication and related connectedness in directed graphs, under which a coalition of players in a game can only cooperate if these players form a directed path in a directed communication graph. By defining an arc game, which assesses the worth of coalitions of (directed) arcs in generating worth, we allocate the Shapley value payoff of each arc over the nodes incident with this arc, where we allow the head and tail to obtain a different share in this arc payoff. However, the way that the arc payoff is shared over its head and tail is uniform over all arcs. We characterize these values by connection efficiency and a modification of the classical balanced link contributions property for undirected communication situations, discriminating between the roles of the nodes as head and tail.

Linkage of Green Brand Positioning and Green Customer Value With Green Purchase Intention: The Mediating and Moderating Role of Attitude Toward Green Brand and Green Trust

Current research evaluates the mediating role of attitude toward the green brand and the moderating effect of green trust for the relationship of green brand positioning and green customer value with green purchase intention. Data was collected from the 464 University students with the help of snowball sampling technique. Results describe that green brand positioning and green customer value has noteworthy impact on green purchase intention. Results also illustrate that green brand positioning and green customer value has significant impact on attitude toward green brand. Moreover, attitude toward green brand act as partial mediator for the relationship of green brand positioning and green customer value with green purchase intention. Furthermore, green trust act as moderator for the relationship of green brand positioning and green customer value with green purchase intention. This is cross-sectional research as data is collected at single time point and this kind of research decrease the confidence about cause and effect assumptions. This research only focuses the employees at individual level. Some other potential predictors are not included in this research due to time and cost constraint. It is better to do longitudinal researches on these variables for generalization purpose. In future researches results may be compare at group as well as at network level.