Training Posts Research Articles

P-970. Impressions of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Subspecialty by Pediatric Resident Physicians and Medical Students Following a Peds ID Elective Rotation

Abstract Background The subspecialty of Pediatric Infectious Diseases continues to struggle with a low number of applicants seeking training relative to the number of fellowship programs and open training positions. We explored the impressions that medical students and pediatric residents gathered about the subspecialty after completion of a Peds ID elective as a Quality Improvement initiative. Methods Resident physicians and medical students at the University of Michigan, from July 2022 to present, were surveyed after their Peds ID elective experience. Participation was voluntary and only anonymous responses in aggregate form were reported. Results The survey response rate was 56.3% (27 of 48 learners invited; 79% resident physicians and 21% medical students). 100% of learners reported a high educational value in participating in a Peds ID elective. Despite only 7.4% of learners considering Peds ID as a career before the elective, 18.5% of learners reported considering Peds ID fellowship training after their elective experience. Respondents indicated that 1) expertise in the subject matter of infectious diseases, 2) a mixture of inpatient and outpatient clinical experiences, and 3) opportunities to participate in Infection Prevention and Public/Global Health, were the top three most attractive aspects of the Peds ID subspecialty. In contrast, respondents indicated that 1) salary and compensation, 2) antimicrobial stewardship responsibilities, and 3) patient volume and workload, were the three least attractive aspects of the Peds ID subspecialty. Conclusion Peds ID remains a popular elective among learners who praise the educational content and teaching. Relatively low compensation, a heavy workload, and displeasure with antimicrobial stewardship duties were some of the main negative impressions by learners. Despite these impressions, participation in a Peds ID elective did lead to over twice as many learners considering Peds ID for their future careers. A mandatory Peds ID experience should be considered for the educational benefit of all learners and may improve fellowship recruitment. We identified issues for our subspecialty to address through advocacy to improve working conditions and compensation, thereby helping train and sustain an appropriate Peds ID workforce for the future. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

The impact of knowledge management on team learning: an empirical study in public enterprises

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of knowledge management (KM) practices (knowledge creation, knowledge storage, knowledge transfer and knowledge application) and demographic and occupational factors on team learning (TL) in public enterprises in Jordan. Design/methodology/approach A convenient random sample of 389 employees working in 52 various functional teams in the Jordanian public enterprises completed a self-administrated questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used to analyze the data and test the proposed hypotheses. Findings The results of this study showed that KM practices explained an additional 53% of the variance in TL above the 9% variance explained by the demographic and occupational factors (i.e. gender, work experience, age, education, occupational position, team size and participation in training on KM and TL). Notably, in the absence of the effects of KM dimensions, work experience, age, team size and “participation in training on KM and TL” were significant predictors of TL. However, after including the effects of KM dimensions in the regression analysis, only the participation in training variable, along with the KM dimensions, remained significant predictors of TL. Practical implications This study contributes to public enterprise administration by highlighting the importance of KM practices in nurturing a healthy TL climate that can ultimately enhance job performance and organizational success. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the few studies in the Arab world that examines real functional teams to understand the role of KM in enhancing the practice of TL.

Small firms’ motivations in offering apprenticeship training in Switzerland

ABSTRACT This paper aims to determine what motivates small firms to offer apprenticeship training. The current state of research provides various indications. While research focusing on the specificity of small firms identifies the important role of the owner and their personality, values, attitudes and experiences, economic research mainly refers to the explanatory factor of profitable cost-benefit relationships in apprenticeship training. Finally, research on the institutional embeddedness of firms points to the importance of institutional framework conditions. Our contribution links these three usually unrelated research perspectives and focuses on Switzerland as a collective skill formation system. We asked heads (owners, managers, or other collaborators) of small firms who make autonomous decisions regarding personnel and budget issues about their motivations in offering apprenticeship training using qualitative interviews. The results show that, at the individual, organisational, and societal levels, different motivations influence the provision of training positions. Furthermore, within small companies, we identified heterogeneous motivational configurations. In conclusion, if the participation of small firms in the provision of apprenticeship places is to be promoted, their heterogeneity and motivations in doing so must be addressed at various levels.

Reasons for and consequences of ethnic differences in parental support during the transition to apprenticeship training in Germany

Abstract In this paper, we examined reasons for ethnic differences in parental support at the transition to apprenticeship training in Germany and their consequences for the likelihood of finding a training position and the likelihood of premature training termination. We extended previous research by focusing on three different types of parental support: help with writing applications, information about open training positions, and efforts towards getting their children a position. Using longitudinal data from Starting Cohort 4 (SC4) of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), we show that part of ethnic differences in these types of support can be explained by measures of ethnicity-related background characteristics. Moreover, the relations of receiving-country-specific resources to parental support propensities seem to be domain specific. Furthermore, we find that only minority trainees benefit from writing support in terms of finding training and training success. In contrast, if parents made efforts to get their children a position, both minority and majority school-leavers are less likely to start training and, in the case of majority trainees, to finish training successfully. These are important findings as they give new insights into the reasons for ethnic disadvantages in parental support during the transition to apprenticeships and into the relation of different types of parental support to the training search success and premature termination risks.

Introducing Entrustable Professional Activities into the Training of Newly Recruited Personnel in the Respiratory Therapy Profession

<p>隨著醫學教育由傳統的時間為主導模式轉向以結果為導向，呼吸治療專業也開始推動CBME來評估和提升專業能力。自2018年起，中華民國呼吸治療師公會全國聯合會與台灣呼吸治療學會推動以EPAs為核心的訓練模式，並經過專家會議選定了11項與成人呼吸照護相關的EPAs，涵蓋了臨床工作、跨領域合作、專業素養等核心能力。儘管受COVID-19疫情影響曾一度中斷推動，但也促使小組進一步反思並強化訓練內容。推動過程中的挑戰主要集中在評量設計、師資培訓以及資料分析等方面，但透過競賽與合作，成功地推動了多場EPAs相關活動並提高了學員的理解與接受度。</p> <p>EPAs的導入有助於新進人員的訓練與專業能力驗證，並透過多元評估方法提升臨床安全性與有效性。儘管挑戰仍在，但隨著師資培訓與評估機制的完善，EPAs將成為呼吸治療領域中提升整體臨床水平的重要工具。</p> <p> </p><p>While medical education transitions from a conventional time-based model to an outcomes-based approach, the respiratory therapy profession has begun implementing competency-based medical education to evaluate and enhance professional competencies. Since 2018, the Respiratory Therapists Society of the Republic of China and the Taiwan Society for Respiratory Therapy have promoted a training model centered on Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs). In expert meetings, these organizations selected 11 EPAs related to adult respiratory care for implementation, which involved core competencies such as clinical practice, interdisciplinary collaboration, and professional literacy. Although the implementation process was temporarily disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, this period prompted further reflection and improvement of the training content by the team. Challenges during the implementation primarily comprised assessment design, faculty training, and data analysis. However, through competitions and collaborative initiatives, several EPA-related activities were organized, enhancing trainees’ understanding and acceptance.</p> <p>The introduction of EPAs has facilitated the training and competency validation of newly recruited personnel, improving clinical safety and efficiency using diverse assessment methods.Although challenges persist, the refinement of faculty training and evaluation mechanisms positions EPAs as a critical tool for advancing overall clinical standards in the field of respiratory therapy.</p> <p> </p>

Proposing a Bachelor of Science in Industrial Security Management (BSISM) at SKSU Palimbang: Addressing Enrollment and Employment Challenges in Sultan Kudarat

This study explores the feasibility of introducing a Bachelor of Science in Industrial Security Management (BSISM) program at Sultan Kudarat State University (SKSU) Palimbang Campus. Currently, the campus offers limited programs—Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEED) and Bachelor of Science in Agribusiness (BSAB)—leading to stagnation in enrollment and significant educational and employment challenges for the local community. A thorough feasibility study revealed strong support for the proposed program based on a survey among 1,033 senior high school students from the four high schools in the municipality of Palimbang, and focus group discussions (FGDs) with nine BEED students, five parents, five teachers, and eight community leaders, ensuring that participant selection criteria included diversity in roles, representativeness, and availability to enhance methodological rigor. BSISM addresses gender inequality, out-of-school youth, and job market saturation while supporting local youth’s career goals, especially in law enforcement and security. The results demonstrate that BSISM is a workable way to increase accessibility to higher education, diversify academic offerings, and promote community development. The market, technical, management, and financial studies for the BSISM program at SKSU Palimbang suggest a promising outlook for the program’s success, contingent on addressing key challenges. The demand for the program is evident, with a high level of student interest and strong support from local stakeholders. The program’s focus on gender balance, particularly by appealing to male students in traditionally male-dominated fields like security management, aligns with current trends in higher education. Furthermore, the program’s curriculum, infrastructure, and commitment to hands-on training position it as a valuable asset to the local community and job market. This study further emphasizes the program’s potential to enhance local employment opportunities by addressing the mismatch between graduates’ qualifications and available jobs. With the growing demand for industrial security and law enforcement professionals, BSISM graduates would be equipped with specialized skills to meet these needs in both public and private sectors. Additionally, the program could alleviate the oversaturation of BEED graduates in the local job market, reducing underemployment and fostering a more balanced workforce. However, risks such as financial constraints, faculty recruitment challenges, and reliance on external partnerships must be carefully managed to ensure the program’s sustainability. By offering a career pathway aligned with regional demands, the BSISM program represents a strategic response to the socioeconomic challenges faced by the community.

Specialist training in infectious diseases in Europe.

The objectives were to determine the structure of training programmes and assessment of physicians training to become infectious disease (ID) specialists in Europe in early 2024, and to document the provision of specialists, trainees and training centres in each country. Delegates to the ID Section and Board of the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) entered national data on a web-based survey tool in late 2023-early 2024. Results were compared to UEMS recommendations on the structure and content of postgraduate training in ID in Europe (2018), and to results of a similar survey in early 2021. Responses were received from all 35 countries; 27/35 (77%) recognise ID as an independent speciality and 7/35 (20%) as a subspeciality. Spain does not officially recognise the speciality. In Cyprus, Iceland, and Luxembourg, despite official recognition of the sub-/speciality, ID training must be completed abroad. Paediatric ID was recognised in 16/35 (46%) countries. The number of adult ID specialists varied from 78.8 per million inhabitants in Sweden to 0.6 in Germany. Only 7/31 (23%) national programmes provide the minimum recommended 6months of training in medical microbiology. Assessment methods included logbooks/portfolios in 25/31 (81%), final examinations in 25/31 (81%) and workplace-based assessments in 21/31 (68%). There has been little change since 2021 in speciality status or in structure and content of training programmes across Europe. There have been large increases in training position numbers in several countries, possibly in response to COVID-19. Continued low compliance with the 2018 recommendations to increase exposure to medical microbiology during training highlights the slow pace of change. Logistic barriers to change and to harmonization across Europe remain and are discussed in the context of published concerns of trainees.

Perfil emprendedor en estudiantes de educación superior chilenos

(analytical)Entrepreneurship currently has a relevant position in vocational training. This study sought to identify entrepreneurial profiles among students in the Faculty of Business and Administration at the Instituto Profesional de Chile. A non-probabilistic sample of 240 students was used. The results of the research showed a high level of entrepreneurial behaviors, subjective norms, self-belief and entrepreneurial intentions, as well as the identification of four different profiles: natural entrepreneur, informal entrepreneur, entrepreneur due to necessity and non-entrepreneur. These results provide new information about entrepreneurship among young people that can be used to inform educational processes, pedagogical practices, teacher training, developing links with local settings and the design of graduate profiles for business and administration degrees. Keywords: Entrepreneurship; competence development; vocational education; youth; quantitative analysis.

Parents, friends, and classmates: reference groups and dropout from vocational education and training in Germany

This study examines the influence of social contexts on the decision to either complete or leave the first vocational education and training (VET) position among young German apprentices—an aspect that has received little attention in dropout research. In particular, the role of three reference groups—parents, friends and classmates at vocational school—in shaping this decision is examined. Using longitudinal data from the German National Educational Panel Study, the analysis addresses two key research questions: (1) Which reference groups are associated with the dropout decision? (2) And how do they influence the decision-making process? For this purpose, the study primarily investigates apprentices’ perceptions of the normative expectations and career ambitions of these groups, and compares the occupational achievements of apprentices and their parents. Two main results are found: (a) Parents and friends have a normative function; apprentices are more likely to complete their VET successfully if they believe that their parents and friends expect them to do so. (b) Both classmates and parents serve a comparative function; if apprentices perceive high career ambitions among their classmates, this may be intimidating and increase the risk of dropping out—in favor of switching to another training occupation. In addition, having parents with a higher occupational status seems to encourage apprentices to pursue a more demanding career path in the case of a change in training occupation. This study supports the notion that a multitude of actors contribute to the success of VET. Therefore, it could be beneficial for career guidance and counseling efforts to extend beyond individual counseling and consider actors who, although indirectly involved in VET, act as important reference groups for apprentices.

The Composition of England’s Single Qualification OMFS Posts: A Descriptive Analysis of Foundation Year and Dental Core Training Posts

Post-graduate Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) exposure for medical and dental graduates differs significantly. The availability and opportunities provided by these single qualification posts have not previously been explored. We investigated the number of OMFS posts available for Foundation Year (FY) doctors and Dental Core Trainees (DCTs) using information from UK Foundation Schools and by analysing data from Health Education England (HEE) and the UK Foundation Programme (UKFPO). In 2023-24, there were over 11 times as many OMFS posts for DCTs compared to FY doctors. The implications are explored in this paper, including the impact on interprofessional working and team development. OMFS as a specialty, with teams consisting of dental and medical graduates, is distinctive for fostering interprofessional education (IPE) and collaboration (IPC). IPE/IPC has been shown to increase knowledge of practitioners and can lead to benefits for both clinicians and patients. By understanding the national composition of single qualification posts, we hope to establish the foundations for further research into this unique interdisciplinary learning environment.

Mentors without Borders: Bridging global gaps in medical and radiological education.

Pursuing medical careers like radiology is challenging even for those with high levels of commitment, discipline, and resilience. Many rely on the guidance and support from mentors whose experiences serve as the roadmap for new generations. Unfortunately, finding a mentor can be difficult in certain parts of the world or when physicians decide to live and practice medicine outside their country of origin. Within the United States, medical education in the United States is very competitive given the high demand of highly qualified aspirants and the lack of enough training positions to accept them all. Having good mentorship not only can help students enhance the skills required to succeed within their fields of interest during the residency and fellowship application processes, but it can also provide counseling as they navigate training and, ultimately, transition to the workplace. "Mentors without Borders" is a program founded by a radiologist to provide free mentorship to those interested in pursuing medical education and training to pursue radiology and other medical careers in and out of the United States. Its primary focus is on strengthening skills needed for academic writing and publication of scientific articles in radiology. This initiative has already benefited several students and physicians from all over the world and is aiming to become a fully structured program with a larger outreach.

Characterization of the External Load of Soccer Goalkeepers Depending on the Category and Sports Context.

Studies focused on the soccer goalkeeper position in training and official matches are scarce. The present study aimed to analyze the external load during training sessions and official matches in semi-professional goalkeepers. Data from goalkeepers (n = 6) from the youth ranks of a professional team belonging to the first Spanish soccer league have been used. The sample is made up of a total of 758 data collected during all the training and competitions carried out by the analyzed teams that made up the squad during the 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 seasons. A descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out based on the category (Youth B or Youth C) and the sports context (training or competition). The results showed significant differences depending on the category (average time to feet left, average time to feet right, total jumps, total dives, total left dives, total right dives, high metabolic load distance (HMLD), and high metabolic power efforts (HMPE)), and the sport context (average time to feet right, total jumps, total dives, total left dives, total right dives, total distance, distance 18-21 km/h, distance 21-24 km/h, Dec 2-3, efforts, and HMLD). The EL of the GKs shows differences regarding the category and the context. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and determine the threshold of each player considering different variables related to the external and internal load to individualize the training tasks and prevent injuries due to overload.

SUBSTANTIATION OF THE REGULARITIES OF THE SUBGRADE STRESS-STRAIN STATE AFTER THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUROPEAN TRACK

Purpose. The implementation of the European track (1435 mm) on the existing subgrade, built on the territory of Ukraine, is a factor that leads to a change in the stress-strain state. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the regularities of the stress-strain state of the subgrade based on the results of numerical analysis of finite-element models. Methodology. For numerical analysis based on the finite element method, a 6 m high subgrade model for the combined track was developed. The developed model reproduces all the real geometric characteristics of the subgrade, the upper structure of the track, as well as the sleeper for the combined track. The developed model allows to vary the application of the train load with the setting of a couple of forces on the rails, which have the Ukrainian value of the track gauge (1520 mm), as well as the European one. The model also simulates the reinforcement of the subgrade for four options (without pile, with pile length of 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 m). Findings. The results of the numerical analysis made it possible to obtain the values of horizontal and vertical stresses, as well as to obtain the regularities of the stress-strain state of the subgrade before the introduction of the European track. Qualitative analysis of the train position shows that the reduction of the track gauge and its asymmetric location on the sleeper increases vertical deformations. The biggest problem is precisely the asymmetric distribution of vertical displacements. It was found that the increase in the length of the vertical reinforcement element provides a reduction in displacements by 1.1 … 1.2 times. It was found that the patterns of changes in the displacements of the subgrade, when the length of the vertical reinforcement element is varied, are linear for the horizontal component and polynomial of the second degree for the vertical component. Originality. For the first time, based on the regularities of the stress-strain state of the subgrade, a picture of the stresses formation and the distribution of deformations before and after the implementation of the European track was obtained. Practical value. Based on the results of the numerical analysis, it was found that increasing the length of the vertical reinforcement element by 2.0 m provides a reduction in displacements by 10 … 20 %. This data makes it possible to create a methodology for the initial selection of the reinforcement element parameters.

Morphological and Performance Biomechanics Profiles of Draft Preparation American-Style Football Players

Background/Objectives: Using advanced methodologies may enhance athlete profiling. This study profiled morphological and laboratory-derived performance biomechanics by position of American-style football players training for the draft. Methods: Fifty-five players were categorized into three groups: Big (e.g., lineman; n = 17), Big–skill (e.g., tight end; n = 11), and Skill (e.g., receiver; n = 27). Body fat (BF%), lean body mass (LBM), and total body mass were measured using a bioelectrical impedance device. Running ground reaction force (GRF) and ground contact time (GCT) were obtained using an instrumented treadmill synchronized with a motion capture system. Dual uniaxial force plates captured countermovement jump height (CMJ-JH), normalized peak power (CMJ-NPP), and reactive strength. Asymmetry was calculated for running force, GCT, and CMJ eccentric and concentric impulse (IMP). MANOVA determined between-group differences, and radar plots for morphological and performance characteristics were created using Z-scores. Results: There was a between-group difference (F(26,80) = 5.70, p < 0.001; Wilk’s Λ = 0.123, partial η2 = 0.649). Fisher’s least squares difference post hoc analyses showed that participants in the Skill group had greater JH, CMJ-NPP, reactive strength, and running GRF values versus Big players but not Big–skill players (p < 0.05). Big athletes had greater BF%, LBM, total body mass, and GCT values than Skill and Big–skill athletes (p < 0.05). Big–skill players had greater GCT asymmetry than Skill and Big players (p < 0.05). Asymmetries in running forces, CMJ eccentric, and concentric IMP were not different (p > 0.05). Morphological and performance biomechanics differences are pronounced between Skill and Big players. Big–skill players possess characteristics from both groups. Laboratory-derived metrics offer precise values of running and jumping force strategies and body composition that can aid sports science researchers and practitioners in refining draft trainee profiles.

Research on an Algorithm for High-Speed Train Positioning and Speed Measurement Based on Orthogonal Time Frequency Space Modulation and Integrated Sensing and Communication

The Doppler effect caused by the rapid movement of high-speed rail services has a great impact on the accuracy of train positioning and speed measurement. Existing train positioning algorithms require a large number of trackside equipment and sensors, resulting in high construction and maintenance costs. Aiming to solve the above two problems, this article proposes a train positioning algorithm based on orthogonal time–frequency space (OTFS) modulation and integrated sensing and communication (ISAC). Firstly, based on the OTFS, the positioning and speed measurement architecture of communication awareness integration is constructed. Secondly, a two-stage estimation (TSE) algorithm is proposed to estimate the delay Doppler parameters of HST. In the first stage, a low-complexity coarse grid search is used, and in the second stage, a refined off-grid search is used to obtain the delay Doppler parameters. Then, the time difference of arrival/frequency difference of arrival (TDOA/FDOA) algorithm based on multiple base stations is used to locate the target, the weighted least square method is used to calculate the location, and the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) for positioning and speed measurement is derived. The simulation results demonstrate that, compared to GNSS/INS and OFDM radars, the algorithm exhibits enhanced positioning and speed measurement accuracy.

Perception of Medical Students on Anaesthesiology as a Specialty: A Systematic Review.

Anaesthesia is integral to a wide range of clinical procedures; however, there is a global challenge in the anaesthesia workforce due to several contributing factors. This study seeks to assess the knowledge and perceptions of medical students regarding anaesthesia as a specialty. Understanding these perspectives is essential to addressing the global shortage of anaesthesia professionals. PubMed, Scopus, African Journal Online, and ProQuest were searched from thedatabase inception to July 2024 to identify relevant studies. A total of 2,575 articles were identified. After title and abstract screening, 2,137 articles were excluded. After full-text screening, 2,098 articles were excluded. Eight articles were included in this qualitative analysis. We included primary studies published in peer-reviewed journals that reported the perception and choice of anaesthesiology as a future career by medical students in their clinical years (years five and six), with reasons, irrespective of medical institution, age, or gender, were included. In total, 2,135 students from six countries were included in the eight studies: Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, Austria, the United States of America, and South Africa, with Nigeria and Saudi Arabia each contributing two studies. The study designs utilised included cross-sectional surveys, descriptive cross-sectional studies, and questionnaire-based studies. The mean age of the students ranged from 23 to 28 years across the studies, with 748 male students, 530 female students, and 857 students whose gender was not specified. A significant proportion of students were aware of the role of anaesthetists; however, only 178 students expressed an interest in specialising in anaesthesia, with the most common reason being a genuine interest in the specialty. The studies reviewed identified several reasons why students did not consider anaesthesiology as a preferred speciality, including limited patient contact, which affects the doctor-patient relationship, lack of recognition or respect from peers, low income, limited availability of local job opportunities or training positions, and the presence of anaesthetic nurses. A critical factor highlighted across all studies was the length of exposure to anaesthesia during clinical rotations. Medical students recognise the importance of anaesthetists but are often deterred from pursuing the specialty due to various factors, which could be mitigated through enhanced exposure, increased visibility, financial incentives, and mentorship.

A Study on the Talent Training Program for Inclusive Early Childhood Education — Taking Province G in China as an Example

Early childhood education is the foundation of basic education, and inclusive early childhood education is an important part of China’s education system. The training and quality of teachers in early childhood education are key to ensuring “efforts to ensure that every child can enjoy fair and quality education.” The training program for early childhood education professionals is a guiding document for the standard and quality of teacher training, the organization of educational teaching, the implementation of the training process, and the certification of student graduation qualifications. A good training program promotes universities to cultivate high-quality professional and innovative teachers, which is beneficial to the development of high-quality inclusive early childhood education. Analyzing 14 texts of training programs for early childhood education teacher education majors in universities, we found that in terms of training objectives, the talent training objectives for “integration education literacy” lack accurate training positioning and characteristics. The setting of inclusive education courses is unreasonable, with an insufficient number of courses, mainly elective courses, few required courses, a narrow range of course offerings, and a teaching format that is more theoretical than practical. The course offering time is relatively concentrated and late, the assessment methods are mainly based on examinations, and the assessment methods are single. Therefore, universities should adjust the talent training objectives, offer a reasonable structure, scope, quantity, and duration of inclusive education courses, improve the course assessment methods, and ensure high-quality pre-service training for inclusive early childhood education teachers.

APMG: 3D Molecule Generation Driven by Atomic Chemical Properties.

Recently, mask-fill-based 3D Molecular Generation (MG) methods have become very popular in virtual drug design. However, the existing MG methods ignore the chemical properties of atoms and contain inappropriate atomic position training data, which limits their generation capability. To mitigate the above issues, this paper presents a novel mask-fill-based 3D molecule generation model driven by atomic chemical properties (APMG). Specifically, we construct a new attention-MPNN-based encoder and introduce the electronic information into atom representations to enrich chemical properties. Also, a multi-functional classifier is designed to predict the electronic information of each generated atom, guiding the type prediction of elements and bonds. By design, the proposed method uses the chemical properties of atoms and their correlations for high-quality molecule generation. Second, to optimize the atomic position training data, we propose a novel atomic training position generation approach using the Chi-Square distribution. We evaluate our APMG method on the CrossDocked dataset and visualize the docking states of the pockets and generated molecules. The obtained results demonstrate the superiority and merits of APMG over the state-of-the-art approaches. The dataset and codes will be available on the project homepage: https://github.com/JU-HuaY/APMG.

Substance Misuse Among Medical Students, Resident Physicians, and Fellow Physicians: A Review With Focus on the United States' Population.

Substance misuse among medical trainees is a serious ongoing concern. The goal of this review is to describe the contributing factors leading to substance misuse among medical trainees, theconsequences for those with substance misuse issues, and explore potential interventions and policy changes to address the issue. There are demographic characteristics that contribute to a higher likelihood of substance misuse including race, sex, relationship status, and year of training. Loss of training position, legal consequences, medical errors, and premature death are some of the negative effects more likely for those with substance use issues. There is a lack of clarity regarding institutional substance use policies and implementation of standardized, evidence-based policies is limited. There are many barriers preventing those with substance use issues from seeking care. Educational sessions targeted at recognizing signs of substance misuse and identification of resources have shown efficacy, while spiritual health support may be an effective area of intervention. There are many factors perpetuating substance misuse among this population. Strategies to address this issue should target improving theutilization of resources, updating institutional policies, and supporting spiritual health.

Gender-Specific and Cross-Gender Reasons for Choosing 'Surgeon' as a Career - A Scoping Review

The availability of highly qualified surgical staff in Germany has been a challenge for years. Despite various initiatives to increase the attractiveness of surgical training programs, there are still problems in attracting motivated and qualified doctors to surgery. In order to develop customized offers for recruiting junior staff, the decision-making factors must be known. To present the gender-specific and cross-gender reasons for choosing a surgical specialist training program. As part of a scoping review, studies were identified using PubMed and a subsequent reverse search to answer the research question. Data extracted from the studies were summarized narratively and categories were defined. The analysis of 12 studies revealed that men and women wanted to become a surgeon based on the characteristics of the surgical specialty, personal factors and factors related to the training position. Gender-specific differences were also identified. Specific measures are proposed to promote the next generation of surgeons.