Position Of Chambers Research Articles

Detection and interpretation of central type structures within the territory of southeastern Transbaikalia for prediction of ore-forming systems

Extremely little attention is paid to the issues of detecting and interpreting of central type structures (CTS) when conducting remote structural-geological and structural-geomorphological studies. At the same time, in the 70–80s of the 20th century, the important role of CTSs in the localization of deposits and ore fields was proven. The position of these structures must necessarily be taken into account when solving problems of searching for and predicting mineral resources in the context of metallogenic analysis and reconstruction of the geological history of development of the studied areas. The almost absence of results of mass detecting and interpreting of CTSs can be explained by the still poorly developed methodology for identifying and analyzing this type of structure. In the present study for the territory of southeastern Transbaikalia, based on modern geoinformation technologies, the use of remote sensing data (radar topographic survey) of high resolution, the creation of a digital elevation model and the application of an integrated structural-spatial analysis, an author’s approach to detection and interpretation of the CTSs is presented, including in connection with the localization of ore objects of various geological-industrial (geological-genetic) types within the framework of the concept of the formation of mineral systems. A statistical analysis of the CTSs identified in the area was carried out, which made it possible to establish a smooth increase in the number of structures with a decrease in their diameter. It is shown that the spatial maxima of ore mineralization extent within the territory are concentrated on the periphery of large CTSs and in their immediate vicinity. Most of the known large ore objects are confined to the internal areas of structures less than 10 km in diameter. Based on the approach of constructing model sections, it was possible to reconstruct the deep position of magma chambers associated with the identified CTSs, and, thereby, to determine the probable sources of metal-bearing fluids. A close spatial relationship between the identified magma chambers and deep faults has been established. To determine the most favorable sites for the deposition of ore mineralization, based on structural-spatial criteria, which include not only structural elements of the CTSs, but also segments of known fault structures, weight of evidence models of the territory have been created. The accuracy of the complex model is 89%. Thus, in accordance with the concept of mineral systems, the sources, migration pathways and sites of the most probable deposition of ore mineralization have been reconstructed.

Lasioptera rubi, a Pest of Rubus idaeus: Galls Morphology, Anatomy and Histochemistry

Rubus species are affected by the gall inducer Lasioptera rubi (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), which produces galls predominantly on the stem but sometimes also on the petiole. The presence of these neo-structures at the stem level can affect their survival and implicit production in raspberry crops. The purpose of the present study is to achieve the first detailed description of the histological and morphological peculiarities of these galls, which present great variability from these points of view. Three morphotypes were described in the galls produced in the stem, depending on the position of the larval chambers and the degree of damage to the vascular system. The histochemical investigations highlighted the presence of reducing sugars and proteins as the main nutrients in the gall tissues, as well as the presence of polyphenols and terpenoids as secondary products of metabolism. Indoleacetic acid was identified near the larval chambers and in the neighboring tissues, its presence having an important role in the changes in the morphogenesis of the secondary xylem in the stem and in inducing the appearance of meristematic nodules in the gall structure.

Left atrial appendage occlusion in a mirror-image dextrocardia: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUNDIn mirror-image dextrocardia, the anterior-posterior position of the cardiac chambers and great vessels is maintained, but the left-right orientation of the abdominal organs is reversed. The abnormal anatomy of the heart poses surgical challenges and problems in dealing with surgical risk and monitoring complications. There are few reports on closure of the left atrial appendage (LAA) in dextrocardia and no reports on the application of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) following LAA occlusion (LAAO) procedures.CASE SUMMARYThe objective for this case was to ensure perioperative safety and accelerate postoperative recovery from LAAO in a patient with mirror-image dextrocardia. ERAS was guided by the theory and practice of nursing care. Atrial fibrillation was diagnosed in a 77-year-old male patient, in whom LAAO was performed. The 2019 guidelines for perioperative care after cardiac surgery recommend that the clinical nursing procedures for patients with LAAO should be optimized to reduce the incidence of perioperative complications and ensure patient safety. Music therapy can be used throughout perioperative treatment and nursing to improve the anxiety symptoms of patients.CONCLUSIONThe procedure was uneventful and proceeded without complications. Anxiety symptoms were improved.

Productividad y política obrera desde las bases: la imaginación técnica popular en las cartas a Perón (1946- 1955)

This article studies the ways in which public discourses on labor productivity were appropriated, resignified and reproduced by the popular technical imagination during the first presidencies of Juan Domingo Peron in Argentina (1946-1955). As this problem became a priority of the official economic program, its discussion in the press and the publicity of institutional innovations aimed at an improvement in productivity had an impact on the social imaginaries of broad sectors of the population. In letters sent by citizens to Peron with requests, ideas and claims, it is possible to recognize at least three sets of initiatives that address the problem from different perspectives. In a first group are those that, in line with the position of the business chambers, propose as a solution an increase in labor discipline. A second group finds in local technological innovation a way to overcome the difficulty of importing modern machinery in a national context of lack of foreign currency. And finally, a third group overflows the frames of public debate opened by the Peronist government and proposes a refoundation of the institutions aimed at productive innovation from the workers' perspective.

Senat Republiki Czeskiej

The article analyses the institution of the Senate as one of the chambers of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The asymmetrical bicameralism conception adopted in 1992 refers to the solution of the Constitution of 1920. The internal organisation and the manner of work as well as the parliamentary mandate are typical for a democratic state. The basic function of the Senate is legislation, but the final decisions belong to the Chamber of Deputies. The equalisation of the position of both chambers is an exception. The second chamber does not have a control function, and the creative function is symbolic. The Senate has become established in the system of state organs.

Hand-finger model of the human heart – a useful educational device for understanding basic position of the cardiac chambers

Teaching heart anatomy for the medical students is a difficult task even for the most experienced professors. A practical approach of teaching complicated structure of the cardiac chambers and their space relations is presented here. It is based on a simple and easily understandable hand-finger model of the human heart showing in once the position of the cardiac chambers and the respective heart valves. Keywords: cardiac chambers anatomy; hand-finger model; practical approach

Enhanced heavy oil recovery for carbonate reservoirs integrating cross-well seismic – A synthetic Wafra case study

Abstract Heavy oil recovery has been a major focus in the oil and gas industry to counter the rapid depletion of conventional reservoirs. Various techniques for enhancing the recovery of heavy oil were developed and pilot-tested, with steam drive techniques proven in most circumstances to be successful and economically viable. The Wafra field in Saudi Arabia is at the forefront of utilizing steam recovery for carbonate heavy oil reservoirs in the Middle East. With growing injection volumes, tracking the steam evolution within the reservoir and characterizing the formation, especially in terms of its porosity and permeability heterogeneity, are key objectives for sound economic decisions and enhanced production forecasts. We have developed an integrated reservoir history matching framework using ensemble based techniques incorporating seismic data for enhancing reservoir characterization and improving history matches. Examining the performance on a synthetic field study of the Wafra field, we could demonstrate the improved characterization of the reservoir formation, determining more accurately the position of the steam chambers and obtaining more reliable forecasts of the reservoir’s recovery potential. History matching results are fairly robust even for noise levels up to 30%. The results demonstrate the potential of the integration of full-waveform seismic data for steam drive reservoir characterization and increased recovery efficiency.

Crustal structure in the Tengchong volcanic area and position of the magma chambers

In this paper, we extract 1500 P receiver functions in the Tengchong volcanic area from 211 teleseismic events recorded at nine digital seismic stations. A common conversion point stacking technique is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and to get the time delays of the Ps, PpPs, PsPs+PpSs phases within grids of 10km×10km. Finally, the crustal thickness and Poisson’s ratio are calculated. The results show that the crustal thickness ranges from 28 to 40km and the Poisson’s ratio ranges from 0.28 to 0.36. There exist two mantle-uplifting sites each with a horizontal scale of about 30km×30km, one in Mazhan–Tengchong–Maanshan and the other in Wuhe–Longjiang–Tuantian. The high Poisson’s ratio is consistently located within these two sites. Recorded shocks with Ms>2.0 reveal that most of the shocks are distributed around the two sites and few are located at the centers. The shocks, the geothermal distribution, and the crustal structure suggest that the magma is still active, and the two mantle-uplifting sites detected may be the positions of two magma chambers in the crust.

Cardiac anatomy: what the electrophysiologist needs to know

The rapid development of interventional procedures for the treatment of arrhythmias in humans, especially the use of catheter ablation techniques, has renewed interest in cardiac anatomy. Effective and safer catheter...

The thermoregulatory benefits of the communal nest of sociable weavers Philetairus socius are spatially structured within nests

Structures built by animals, such as nests, mounds and burrows, are often the product of cooperative investment by more than one individual. Such structures may be viewed as a public good, since all individuals that occupy them share the benefits they provide. However, access to the benefits generated by the structure may vary among individuals and is likely to be an important determinant of social organisation. Here we use the massive, communal nests of sociable weavers Philetairus socius, to investigate whether their thermoregulatory function varies in relation to the size of communal nests, and the position of individual nest chambers within the communal structure. We then examine whether this spatial variation in thermoregulatory function predicts the social organisation of colonies. First, we show that the sociable weavers’ communal nests buffer variation in ambient temperature, and reduce temperature variability within nest chambers. The extent of this buffering effect depends significantly on the position of nest chambers within the communal structure, and on the depth to which chambers are embedded within the nest mass. We detected no effect of nest volume on thermoregulatory benefits, suggesting that there are likely to be additional, non‐thermoregulatory benefits leading to communal nests. Finally, our results indicate that there may be competition for access to the benefits of the public good, since older birds occupied the chambers with the highest thermoregulatory benefits, where breeding activity was also more common. We discuss how the spatial structure of the benefits of the public good might influence social organisation in the unique communal lifestyle of sociable weavers.

Avaliação cardíaca fetal por meio da ultrassonografia 3D/4D (STIC): qual é sua real aplicabilidade no diagnóstico das doenças cardíacas congênitas?

DOI: 10.5935/1678-9741.20130002The congenital heart diseases (CHD) are the most common major malformations at birth [1], with prevalence ranging from 0.6% to 5% of live births [2]. Despite great efforts and technological advancement of two-dimensional echocardiography (2D) in the past two decades, the accuracy in the detection of CHD at prenatal is between 31% and 96% [3].In 2003, with the development of Spatio-Temporal Image Correlation (STIC), scientists started the use of third and fourth dimension ultrasonography (3D/4D) in fetal cardiac evaluation [4]. The STIC is a software that enables acquiring volumetric fetal heart with its vascular connections, whose images can be evaluated in either multiplanar or rendering modes, or even surface mode, in a static or moving ways (4D) by means of a sequence of cineloop, which simulates a complete cardiac cycle [4]. This software provides an innovation absent in 2D ultrasound, which is the storage volume of the heart for an offline analysis, in other words, in the absence of the patient. Thus, a detailed assessment of the anatomy and the functioning fetal heart is possible without the need to cause major discomfort to pregnant women, a relatively frequent situation when more prolonged ultrasound studies are used. Moreover, the storage allows the sending of volumes to specialized centers through an internet link, strengthening the telemedicine and improving the prenatal period tracking [5].Standardization of volume storage is already a reality, so the investigator responsible for offline analysis has knowledge of the actual position of the heart chambers with respect to the right and left fetal axis to evaluate the presence of possible cardiac isomerisms. Therefore, when the fetus is in cephalic presentation, it should be considered that the heart side corresponds to the fetal side, unlike the pelvic fetuses which stay in opposite sides [6].The gray scale and color Doppler applications are also present in the STIC, used to improve the evaluation of the ventricular outflow tracts, aortic and ductal arches, besides assisting in the location of septal defects [7]. The 3D technology has allowed the development of new techniques known as inversion mode (analysis technique of liquid structures which reverses voxels of gray scale,

SU-E-T-129: Rescaling of IMRT Verification Deviations from Detector Arrays into the Patient.

To discuss a method of "rescaling" failures detected in a Gamma-Index analysis with detector arrays into the patient as a re-evaluation method in IMRT verifications. In a homogeneous phantom, plane signals measured with ionisation chamber arrays during IMRT field-by-field verifications can be understood as resulting from the convolution of the incident photon fluence with two spatially invariant kernels (dose deposition in the measurement plane and spatial detector response). In principle, Gamma-Index deviations between planned and the measured plane signal profiles can therefore be "back-projected" into a deviation of the photon fluence profile from the planned one which can be "forward-projected" as a dose deviation at test points in the patient. Assuming this model for each field under investigation, all Gamma-Index failures in a certain array region can thus be "rescaled" as deviations of the patient dose and evaluated by with patient related tolerances. The method is evaluated in the prostate and H&N region by use of the 2D-ARRAY729 and VeriSoft5.0. The software offers the possibility to project the position of the ionization chambers onto the patient's CT. Thereby, the field specific analysis of deviations between measurements and plan is supported by suitable imaging procedures. Simulated Gamma-Index failures (3mm/3%) have been evaluated according to the method described above and compared with direct dose calculations. The degree of consistency between relative dose deviations predicted from 2D-ARRAY evaluations and corresponding relative dose deviations calculated within the patient is found to be in an acceptable range. The applicability in regions of inhomogeneity boundaries (air-tissue) and out of field regions was not included in this study and will be analyzed in the future. In combination with the described visualization tools, the method offers the possibility to re-evaluate the dose deviations inside the patient when Gamma-Index failures have been detected with 2D-arrays.

Alignment of the Muon Spectrometer in ATLAS

Abstract The ATLAS muon spectrometer is designed to measure the momentum of a 1 TeV/c muon to an accuracy of 10%. A muon of this momentum bends, on average, 500 μm in the toroidal field of ATLAS. Therefore, the position of the muon chambers within a tower and along the precision coordinate must be known to better than 50 μm. ATLAS uses a combination of an optical and track-based alignment to achieve such a precise alignment. Several analyses to monitor and validate the alignment were undertaken in the first year of LHC operation. This report provides a brief overview of the motivation, building and commissioning of the optical system, performance, and validation of the alignment of the muon spectrometer.

A Single-Bead Analysis on a Disk-shaped Microfluidic Device Using an Antigen-immobilized Bead

A disk-shaped microfluidic device (lab-on-a-Disk) was developed to allow the evaluation of mental stress. As a standard sample, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), which is a candidate marker of mental stress, was measured by a heterogeneous enzyme immunoassay (EIA) on the lab-on-a-Disk. Centrifugal force provided a microfluidic control on the lab-on-a-Disk. We examined the relationship between the rotational speed, the channel profile, and the position of the microfluidic chambers from the center of rotation to manipulate sample solutions into each reaction reservoir through microchannels sequentially, i.e., retain in a reservoir or flow into a subsequent reservoir. A single glass bead with immobilized sIgA on its surface was injected into a reservoir for a competitive antigen-antibody reaction, and applied to a specific surface in a heterogeneous assay. It is expected that the lab-on-a-Disk would be suitable for miniaturization and automation of the processes in EIA compared with a conventional EIA using a titer plate.

Primitive nest architecture and small monogynous colonies in basal Attini inhabiting sandy beaches of southern Brazil

The species Mycetophylax conformis, M. simplex and Cyphomyrmex morschi, all belonging to the basal Attini, occur exclusively on beaches along the Atlantic shores of South America. In Brazil C. morschi colonies were found sympatrically with the two Mycetophylax species which, however, had no overlap in their geographic distribution. We recorded species‐specific nesting site preferences resulting in a zonal colonization of dune and restinga areas, with distinct preferences in microhabitat choice. After excavating subterraneous nests, we were able to describe details of nest architecture, especially with regard to the number and position of the fungus chambers. The nest structure is similar in all species, but the colony size differed with the highest number of workers in M. simplex. All nests were headed by a single mated queen. First attempts were undertaken to maintain colonies under laboratory conditions. Resumo As espécies Mycetophylax conformis, M. simplex e Cyphomyrmex morschi fazem parte do grupo dos Attini basais e ocorrem exclusivamente em praias do Atlântico na América do Sul. No Brasil C. morschi ocorre simpatricamente com as espécies de Mycetophylax, mas as duas espécies de Mycetophylax não tem uma sobreposição na sua distribuição geográfica. Também detectamos preferências específicas na escolha da área da nidificação o que resulta em uma colonização zonal das dunas e restingas com preferências distintas na escolha do microhabitat. Com escavações cuidadosas de um número representativo de ninhos obtivemos detalhes sobre a arquitetura, em especial o número e posição das câmaras de fungo. A estrutura subterrânea dos ninhos é similar nas espécies estudadas mas o tamanho da população difere entre as espécies com o maior número de operárias em M. simplex. Todas as colônias tem uma rainha que copulou apenas uma única vez. Primeiras tentativas de manutenção de colônias no laboratório foram feitas.

A nonstationary model of the thermal regime of axial zones of mid-ocean ridges: Formation of crustal and mantle magma chambers

A nonstationary model of spreading with periodic intrusions of a molten material into an axial zone of a mid-ocean ridge (MOR) is applied to numerical analysis of the thermal state in MOR axial zones and the formation of crustal and mantle magma chambers in them. The model satisfactorily explains the positions, dimensions, and shapes of magma chambers, as well as variations in these parameters depending on the spreading rate, temperature, and composition of crustal and mantle rocks. The release and absorption of the latent heat of rock melting, hydrothermal heating of the crust, and variations in the solidus and liquidus temperatures of crustal and mantle rocks as a function of their composition are factors controlling the shape and position of crustal magma chambers.

Combined test beam results on the alignment of Muon chambers and Muon reconstruction in the 2004 ATLAS H8 setup

ATLAS detector is designed to exploit the full discovery potential of the LHC proton–proton collider at CERN, at an energy of 14 TeV. The detector, which is optimized for operating at high luminosity, features an inner tracker, Electromagnetic and Hadronic calorimeters and a Muon Spectrometer. The ATLAS Muon Spectrometer is composed of tracking and trigger detectors, which span a total area of 5500 m 2. The design of the spectrometer provides very good momentum resolution that varies between 2% and 10% for momentum ranging from 5 GeV to 1 TeV. To achieve this resolution, the 1200 individual tracking chambers composed of Monitored Drift Tubes (MDT) are constructed with mechanical precision better than 20 μm, while the position and deformation of individual chambers will be monitored with an optical alignment system to be better than 40 μm during data taking. In 2004, a combined systems test of a ϕ sector of the following ATLAS sub-detectors: the Inner Detector, the Liquid Argon Calorimeter, the Tile Hadronic Calorimeter and the Muon Spectrometer, was performed in the H8 beam line at the CERN SPS. Results obtained on the alignment of the MDT chambers in the Muon Spectrometer setup, the performance of the MDT chambers and the reconstruction of Muon tracks using the combined information from both the Inner Detector and the Muon Spectrometer are presented here.

Position reconstruction in drift chambers operated with Xe, [formula omitted] (15%)

We present measurements of position and angular resolution of drift chambers operated with a Xe, CO 2 (15%) mixture. The results are compared to Monte Carlo simulations and important systematic effects—in particular the dispersive nature of the absorption of transition radiation and non-linearities—are discussed. The measurements were carried out with prototype drift chambers of the ALICE Transition Radiation Detector, but our findings can be generalized to other drift chambers with similar geometry, where the electron drift is perpendicular to the wire planes.

An optical sensor for the alignment of the Atlas Muon Spectrometer

In the Atlas muon spectrometer (ATLAS Technical Proposal, CERN/LHCC/94-43, 15 December 1994, ATLAS Muon Spectrometer Technical Design Report, CERN/LHCC/97-22, 31 May 1997 and http://atlasinfo.cern.ch:80/Atlas/Welcome.html) the alignment system should control the spatial position of the muon chambers with an accuracy of 30μm and 200μrad for a range of ±5mm and ±10mrad. The alignment device described in this paper, called Praxial, fulfills these requirements.

Konstanzprüfungen der Feldhomogenität und Energie an Beschleunigern mit einem Einplatinencomputer

The quotients derived from the weighted signals of the monitor segments of accelerators in order to determine the uniformity of the field are in many cases not exactly indicative for the measured dose-uniformity, due to scatter contributions from beam modelling devices near the position of the monitor chambers. We developed an easy-to-use aid based on a single chip microcomputer to check the uniformity of the field and the energy of photon and electron beams.