Portuguese Participation Research Articles

Female landscapes

The aim of this article is to reflect on the presence of colonized women in photographs and other representations, such as drawings, posters, postcards, exhibition catalogues, newspapers and magazines, which were disseminated in the context of the Portuguese colonial expositions, and in exhibition spaces conceived by the Portuguese with a colonial component. Generally speaking, the exhibitions sought to put forward the progress, taking into account land, rail and sea transport, but also roads, communications, trade, industry, arts, architecture, culture, and the most recent advances in science and medicine. The exhibitions were also places where the logic of colonial models was staged, showing a clear relationship between colonial domination and gender representation. The research includes several materials produced throughout the 1930s (a fertile period regarding the Portuguese participation in this kind of international events) intended to publicize these exhibitions or serve as a complement to them. These materials may include art works or merely propagandistic works, or works that combine both components. The analysis will include materials associated with several exhibitions between 1931 and 1940, such as the International Colonial Exhibition of Paris (1931), the Lisbon Industrial Exhibition (1932), the Portuguese Colonial Exhibition in Porto (1934), the Exhibition of the Portuguese World in Lisbon (1940), and the Portugal of the Little Ones (Portugal dos Pequenitos) in Coimbra (1940). The contexts in which women appear and the way they are represented — as active beings (performing tasks), as contemplative beings (as in natural landscapes) or as objects of sexual desire, revealing the context of power (legislative, administrative, male and colonial) in which the images and the representations were produced — will be analyzed.

Literary Translation in the Weekly Periodical Paris-Noticias (1921–1922): Exploring the Intersection of Translation and Periodical Studies

This study opens new avenues for research at the intersection of translation and periodical studies and establishes connections between the two fields. It examines the translations that appeared in the weekly periodical Paris-Noticias (1921–1922) and sheds light on a network of French and Portuguese writers, editors and translators. In contrast to previous assumptions that confined their production to a local dimension, this study shows that male and female writers from Portugal were able to disseminate their work across geographical and cultural borders. To do so, they had to establish collaborations with influential figures such as Paulo Osório who was the editor of Paris-Noticias and a writer in his own right. Osório began building his literary network during the first decades of the twentieth century when he started to collaborate with the translators Philéas Lebesgue and Manoel Gahisto. By examining their contribution to the periodical Paris-Noticias, this study aims to recover translations that have previously been neglected and improve our understanding of Portuguese participation in the French literary scene.

Sport in the military context: A national and international analysis from the perspective of sport management

The regular practice of sport is today fully accepted as a condition for a more active life and healthier habits, as well as for a balanced physical and emotional well-being, assuming greater relevance in the military context and in the world peace between nations, where physical and psychological preparedness assumes special importance. The research aimed to explore military sport by analysing its main international characteristics, as well as to identify the socio-demographic profile of military personnel in the Portuguese Armed Forces, their sports practice habits and opinion about the development of military sport in Portugal. Methodologically, it is a quantitative-descriptive study of an exploratory nature, in which, in addition to the research of several official documents, a questionnaire was applied to military personnel about their sportive habits, obtaining 566 valid answers. The results show a high number of member countries (n=140) in the organisation of international military sport, as well as sport disciplines developed (n=38) and participants in the events held, contrasting with a not very significant Portuguese participation. The main reasons are: (a) insufficient support for athletes; (b) infrastructures that do not offer the best training conditions; and (c) insufficient recognition by military institutions. Regarding the sport routines, it was found that 19.6% do not practice any physical activity at all. We conclude that despite the interest in participating in military sporting events, the portuguese military personnel reported the need for greater investment and promotion to encourage their participation. The need for greater openness from the military institutions themselves is another of the reasons mentioned for strengthening their training conditions and recognising the potential of military sport. Keywords: Sport management, sports development, sport and active life, military athletes, military sport.

The promotion of the 21st century learning skills through the development of games using scratch / A promoção das habilidades de aprendizagem do século XXI através do desenvolvimento de jogos usando o scratch

The work described in this paper addresses the development of a game focused on a project developed as a teaching strategy in the context of action-research study aimed at testing the impact of the participation in a collaborative project. The project aimed to motivate student’s to use and learn foreign languages and also to develop their intercultural communicative competence. The team consisted of 14 teachers from 11 different countries and 167 students in an international educational context. Regarding the Portuguese participation we have introduced the Area of Study namely Discovery in a class from the 7th grade students (23 students).All the work was based in two premises: use Scratch online, web 2.0 and ETwinning platform.Students from various countries together create their own games using programming Scratch. During the project, partners collaborated using web 2.0 tools, at the end, they have share their games and get feedback.This work identified the benefits and challenges of global education and intercultural interaction amongst students. Fourteen schools from 11 European countries have participated in this eTwinning project. Six schools had won the European quality eTwinning label.The methodology applied in this learning environment motivated the students and improved their learning process. It also contributed to a higher level of concentration and promoted collaborative learning. Additionally, it facilitates creativity, dialogue and the overall relationship among students.The results demonstrate that teachers perceive eTwinning as contributing towards the enhancement and development of global education through intercultural interaction.The pedagogic model based on the collaborative construction of knowledge was easily understood by the teachers.

A arte pública entre património e ideário. O itinerário artístico de Siah Armajani

Siah Armajani (1939-) é um escultor de origem iraniana que ainda muito jovem emigrou
 para os EUA, onde empreendeu uma carreira artística, sediada em Minneapolis, no Minnesota.
 Para além de autor de uma vasta e reconhecida obra escultórica, Armajani é também um ensaísta,
 sendo autor do texto “Manifesto public sculpture in the context of american democracy”
 (Armajani, 1995), que acompanhou a exposição “Espaços de Leitura” que apresentou, em 1995,
 no Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona (MACBA). O interesse da obra de Armajani decorre
 da mesma resultar de um inequívoco engagement a um ideário sócio-utópico-artístico que
 problematiza o estatuto do regime autoral, e que rejeita a autorreferencialidade da obra, circunstância
 rara no contexto da produção artística contemporânea. Esteticamente contemporânea, a
 obra de Armajani logra resolver um dos dilemas mais amargos da arte moderna e contemporânea,
 formulado por Arnold Schoenberg: “se é arte, não é para todos, e se é para todos não é arte”
 (Schoenberg, 1950, p. 124). Curiosamente, o ideário veiculado por Armajani não é em absoluto
 inédito. Em múltiplos aspetos o mesmo coincide com o do movimento em prol da arte pública
 que se formou na Bélgica, nos finais do século XIX, e que deu origem à organização de quatro
 congressos internacionais de arte pública, dois deles com participação portuguesa documentada,
 aspeto por onde se inicia o presente estudo.

Portuguese Architecture in Transit(ion)

In the final years of the Estado Novo regime (1933–1974), the Amsterdam Town Hall International Competition of 1967 presents the opportunity for seven teams of Portuguese architects to confront their own reality and rehearse distinct visions of building and city. From a national context, politically and geographically distant from the heart of the disciplinary debate of the 1960s, the proposals submitted set the terms on which Portugal competes in Amsterdam, revealing in the diversity of approaches and experiences forwarded by this new generation of architects the vitality of Portuguese architecture on its path to internationalisation. This article retraces the Portuguese participation in the Amsterdam Town Hall Competition to refute the generalised idea of cultural mismatch with the European scene of the time and assesses the impact of this particular event on the transition of Portuguese architecture to international recognition, an impact that Portuguese architecture historiography has to this day completely ignored.

CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS, DIPLOMACIA E COLONIALISMO TARDIO: A PARTICIPAÇÃO PORTUGUESA NA COMISSÃO DE COOPERAÇÃO TÉCNICA NA ÁFRICA AO SUL DO SAARA (CCTA)

RESUMO Instituída no segundo pós-guerra, num contexto de crescente contestação ao colonialismo e como resposta das potências coloniais europeias ao interesse científico das Nações Unidas e de círculos académicos norte-americanos pela África, a Comissão de Cooperação Técnica na África ao Sul do Saara (CCTA) revelou uma atenção particular aos estudos sociais, estabelecendo uma agenda de pesquisas paralela à da Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (Unesco). Com base nos arquivos diplomático e científico colonial, o artigo analisa a atividade da CCTA naquele domínio e, sobretudo, a participação portuguesa nessas dinâmicas, determinando a importância relativa do país na sua promoção e seus reflexos no campo das ciências sociais em Portugal.

(Des)Conexões entre Portugal e o Brasil: Séculos XIX e XX by Tânia Martuscelli

Reviewed by: (Des)Conexões entre Portugal e o Brasil: Séculos XIX e XX by Tânia Martuscelli Robert Newcomb Martuscelli, Tânia. (Des)Conexões entre Portugal e o Brasil: Séculos XIX e XX. Lisbon: Colibri, 2016. Pp. 210. ISBN 978-9-89689-605-8. In (Des)Conexões entre Portugal e o Brasil: Séculos XIX e XX, Tânia Martuscelli undertakes the formidable task of tracing the history of contacts between Portuguese and Brazilian writers and artists, from Brazil’s independence from Portugal in 1822 through the mid-twentieth century. Given her project’s wide chronological scope, Martuscelli wisely chooses to focus on discrete examples or moments of Luso-Brazilian contact, addressing topics such as nineteenth-century Portuguese novelist Eça de Queirós’s not uncontroversial reception in Brazil, the transatlantic Luso-Brazilian journals that flourished at the fin de siècle, and the contacts maintained between Portuguese and Brazilian modernists beginning in the 1910s. Taken collectively, these examples present Luso-Brazilian literary communication as the norm, rather than the exception, over the nearly two centuries in which Portugal and Brazil have dealt with one another as independent countries. This is, to my mind, the principal contribution of Martuscelli’s book: it upends the stubborn critical myth of Luso-Brazilian literary disconnection, which has been enshrined by simplistic readings of the Brazilian Romantics’ and modernists’ aspirations toward national cultural autonomy, but which has been challenged over the past two decades by scholars including Arnaldo Saraiva and Beatriz Berrini. The strongest chapters of the book focus on periods in which Luso-Brazilian noncommunication is more or less assumed. In a chapter devoted to fin-de-siècle-era transatlantic publications, Martuscelli skillfully analyzes how journals such as Portugal-Brasil (1899–1914) and Atlântida (1915–20), which counted important writers from both countries as editors and contributors, amounted to a shared “projeto luso-brasileiro” and proposed “uma nova forma de união sócio-cultural entre pares,” even as Luso-Brazilian relations were destabilized by the advent of the Republic in Brazil (1889) and Portugal (1910) (73, 75; author’s emphasis). And in her comparative discussion of Portuguese and Brazilian modernism, Martuscelli demonstrates how even those Brazilian modernistas most associated with the assertion of their country’s cultural autonomy from Portugal maintained an interest in Portuguese literary and cultural production, and corresponded and collaborated with contemporaries in the Portuguese avant-garde. As Martuscelli notes, in March 1925 Oswald de Andrade proposed to the Portuguese writer and cultural promoter António Ferro, a veteran of the journal Orpheu, that they write an ultimately unrealized, historically-themed “Luso-Brazilian” theatrical work, to be titled As 2 irmãs gloriosas–Ato de Bravura. In a particularly well-argued and provocative passage, Martuscelli shows how Andrade’s poem “Erro de português,” conventionally interpreted as a humorous poke at Portuguese colonialism and an example of Brazilian modernism’s irreverent brand of cultural nationalism, may be read against the grain as a lament that the Portuguese colonizer, in not adapting himself to the Brazilian environment and to the indigenous cultures he encountered, failed to become a “um europeu mais sul-americano” (189). While Martuscelli more than illustrates the persistence of Luso-Brazilian literary connections, she does not bring an entirely convincing theoretical framework to bear on the materials she analyzes. Martuscelli’s reading of Luso-Brazilian literary relations in the post-independence era draws heavily on the notion of hybridity as developed by post-colonial scholars such as Albert Memmi and Homi Bhabha. Here hybridity refers not to the combination or fusion of two distinct but at least somewhat related phenomena (as in hybrid organisms), but to differential self-definition through “translation and negotiation,” as Bhabha puts it in The Location of Culture (1994), or to the “constituição mútua [de] caráter,” in Martuscelli’s words (33). In practice, hybridity, in both its conventional and post-colonial connotations, seems unsuited to explain many—though not all—of the instances of Luso-Brazilian influence, dialogue, and collaboration that Martuscelli describes. For instance, in an early chapter, Martuscelli states that widespread Portuguese participation in the nineteenth-century Brazilian press occurred...

The Promotion of the 21st Century Learning Skills Through the Development of Games Using Scratch

The work described in this paper addresses the development of a game focused on a teaching strategy based on an action-research study. The strategy established aims to test the impact of the student’s participation in a collaborative project. The project aimed to motivate students to use and learn foreign languages and also to develop their intercultural communicative competence. The team consisted of 14 teachers from 11 different countries and 167 students in an international educational context. Regarding the Portuguese participation, we have introduced the Area of Study namely Discovery in a class from the 7th grade students (23 students). All the work was based in three premises: use Scratch online, web 2.0 and ETwinning platform. Students from different countries have worked together to develop their own games using programming Scratch. During the project, partners collaborated using web 2.0 tools and at the end, they have share their games and get feedback. This work identified the benefits and challenges of global education and intercultural interaction among students. Fourteen schools from 11 European countries have participated in this eTwinning project. Six schools had won the European quality eTwinning label. The methodology applied in this learning environment motivated the students and improved their learning process. It also contributed to a higher level of concentration and promoted collaborative learning. Additionally, it facilitates creativity, dialogue and the overall relationship among students. The results demonstrate that teachers perceive eTwinning as contributing towards the enhancement and development of global education through intercultural interaction. The pedagogic model based on the collaborative construction of knowledge was easily understood by the teachers.

The Portuguese participation in the Actifcare (access to timely formal care in dementia) European study: Preliminary results of systematic reviews, qualitative and quantitative data

IntroductionIn the context of untimely access to community formal services, unmet needs of persons with dementia (PwD) and their carers may compromise their quality of life.Objectives/aimsThe Actifcare EU-JPND project (www.actifcare.eu) focuses on access to and (non) utilization of dementia formal care in eight countries (The Netherlands, Germany, United Kingdom, Sweden, Norway, Ireland, Italy, Portugal), as related to unmet needs and quality of life. Evaluations included systematic reviews, qualitative explorations, and a European cohort study (PwD in early/intermediate phases and their primary carers; n = 453 days; 1 year follow-up). Preliminary Portuguese results are presented here (FCT-JPND-HC/0001/2012).Methods(1) extensive systematic searches on access to/utilization of services; (2) focus groups of PwD, carers and health/social professionals; (3) prospective study (n = 66 days from e.g., primary care, hospital outpatient services, Alzheimer Portugal).ResultsIn Portugal, nationally representative data is scarce regarding health/social services utilization in dementia. There are important barriers to access to community services, according to users, carers and professionals, whose views not always coincide. The Portuguese cohort participants were 66 PwD (62.1% female, 77.3 ± 6.2 years, 55.5% Alzheimer's/mixed subtypes, MMSE 17.8 ± 4.8, CDR1 89.4%) and 66 carers (66.7% female, 64.9 ± 15.0 years, 56.1% spouses), with considerable unmet needs in some domains.ConclusionsAll Actifcare milestones are being reached. The consortium is now analyzing international differences in (un) timely access to services and its impact on quality of life and needs for care (e.g., formal community support is weaker in Portugal than in many European countries). National best-practice recommendations in dementia are also in preparation.Abstract submitted on behalf of the Actifcare Eu-JPND consortium.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Still focused on the Atlantic: accounting for the limited Europeanization of Portuguese security policy

ABSTRACTThis article examines the limited Europeanization of contemporary Portuguese security policy and highlights how the persistence of North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and the emergence of the Lusophone world have shaped Portuguese participation in the European Union's (EU's) Common Foreign and Security Policy in recent years, particularly in Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) missions in Africa and in the European Defence Agency's co-operation activities. Europeanization's conceptual weaknesses, combined with the mutually reinforcing nature of transatlantic, EU and Lusophone security co-operation, have reinforced the ambiguous nature of what a “Europeanized” vision for European security might look like, especially given long-standing loyalties to NATO. This affords states considerable margin for manoeuvrability in defining their security priorities, so long as they are seen as being broadly consistent. This article reassesses the appropriateness of the Europeanization concept and shows how Portugal has approached this strategic balancing act, supporting the development of the EU's CSDP whilst remaining loyal to NATO and seeking to develop security relations in the Lusophone world, achieving legitimacy by stressing complementarity and multilateralization in security co-operation.

AMAZÔNIA E A CARREIRA DAS ÍNDIAS: navegação para o norte da América portuguesa na época da Monarquia Hispânica

The old State of Maranhao and Para Grao, now equivalent to the current states of the Brazilian Amazon, did not belong to the shipping lanes to the State of Brazil. Throughout the first half of the seventeenth century the Portuguese who inhabited that region raised participate in the Carrera de Indias leveraging the ease of navigation to the Viceroyalty of Peru and the Caribbean. This article aims to analyze the reaction of the Portuguese border areas for the integration of Portugal in the Spanish Monarchy (1580-1640). For this work, we use sources on the various proposals of Portuguese participation in the breadcrumb Spanish-Peruvian different files found today in Portugal, Brazil and Spain.

The sociological dimension of external military interventions: The Portuguese military abroad

Abstract This article addresses, from a sociological point of view, the involvement of the Portuguese armed forces in international peace operations. After reviewing some major sociological contributions for understanding change in military institutions and the development of international military missions, it concentrates on the Portuguese case, aiming at uncovering the place and meaning of peace operations for the Portuguese armed forces during the past two decades. After briefly recalling some facts and figures concerning the Portuguese participation in peace operations, it addresses the relevance of such involvement at different analytical levels, showing that peace operations have come to play a decisive role in the national defence political discourse, the organizational configuration of the Portuguese armed forces and the soldiers’ professional identity. The last section consists of a short prospective exercise looking at possible implications of disengagement from international peace missions. The conclusion is that, considering the strategic, organizational and socio-psychological centrality of these missions, disengagement is likely to have important consequences in the overall strategic definition, purpose and identity of the Portuguese military, while entailing an additional cost: the possible loss of at least part of a recently reinforced legitimacy.

Portuguese participation in the 7th Conference on Biometeorology

Portuguese participation in the 7th Conference on Biometeorology

The Meteorological Observations in Coimbra and the Portuguese Participation in Weather Forecasting in Europe

In the early nineteenth century, regular meteorological observations started at the Faculty of Natural Philosophy of the University of Coimbra (FPUC). From 1854 to 1856 these observations were published in O Instituto, a journal of an academic society of the same name, founded in Coimbra in 1852. This new area of science aroused great interest, offering itself as unexplored territory waiting for scientific investigation. In reaction to the pioneering work at the Polytechnic School of Lisbon of Guilherme Pegado, who founded the first meteorological observatory in Portugal in 1854, the FPUC established a Meteorological and Magnetic Observatory in Coimbra. The main actor was, from 1863, the physicist Jacinto António de Sousa. In the twentieth century, the increasing need for weather forecasting, especially at sea, led to the creation of the Meteorological Services of the Navy in which Carvalho Brandão played a pivotal role. It was the beginning of an international cooperation that brought Jacob Bjerknes to Portugal. He addressed a conference at Coimbra recommending the creation of a meteorological station in the Azores, to relay observational data from vessels travelling in the Atlantic. The Portuguese meteorological services were scattered in various institutions until 1946, when the National Meteorological Services (NMS) were created. Based on articles published in O Instituto and on the activities of the academy with the same name, we provide an overview of the evolution of meteorology in Portugal until the establishment of the NMS, with particular emphasis on the work of the Meteorological and Magnetic Observatory at the University of Coimbra.

Students in Higher Education Governance: The Portuguese case

This article aims at analysing and discussing student participation in Portuguese higher education institutions and, specifically, in university governance. In a first moment, it describes this participation under both the previous (1988–2007) and the new legal frameworks (since 2007). A discussion of the changes introduced by this last framework and the extent to which it has contributed to the erosion of student participation in governance is undertaken. Next, the article deals with the ways students are involved in quality assessment at both its systemic and institutional levels. The case of a specific Portuguese university is used as an example of how this involvement takes place. The article concludes with a discussion on the main features of Portuguese student participation in governance, focusing on its effectiveness and suggesting measures for improvement.

Methotrexate treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: management in clinical remission, common infection and tuberculosis. Results from a systematic literature review

This work was performed as part of the Portuguese participation in the 3E Initiative 2007-2008, dedicated to the use of methotrexate (MTX) in rheumatic conditions. Three questions raised by Portuguese rheumatologists and considered relevant to clinical practice remained out of the selection of a set of ten key questions formulated to further establish multinational recommendations on the use of MTX in rheumatic diseases. The authors collected and analyzed all the evidence available by using a systematic literature search methodology and selection criteria concerning the following issues in rheumatoid arthritis (RA): (1) the management of MTX after clinical remission; (2) the management of MTX during infections and (3) the screening and treatment of tuberculosis in patients on MTX treatment. A total of 1,862 references were identified, of which 163 were selected for detailed analysis and 12 included in the final review. The evidence was appraised according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine (EBM) levels of evidence. Although with limited evidence, the authors concluded that: (1) extending the interval for MTX therapy may be a valid alternative regimen in a subset of RA patients in clinical remission (EBM level 2b); (2) MTX may be safe during some common infections in RA patients (EBM level 3b/4); (3) screening and treatment of TB in patients on MTX should be similar to the general population (EBM level 4). The evidence available to support clinical decisions in this area is very limited in number and quality. There is a need for further research and while that is unavailable, practical decisions have to rely on experience and expert opinion.

Las bibliotecas portuguesas en la Sociedad de la Información

We refer to the evolution of the Portuguese Libraries and their different sectors, in the last decade. We deal with the convergence and globalisation trends in the information field as well as the impact we expect they will have inour society and, therefore on the libraries. Furthermore, we point out some of the main trends in the debate that is being held now-a-days, especially in the Europe-an context, motivated by the development of the multimedia and information and communication technologies. Then we refer to the Portuguese participation in the Telematics for Libraries Programme -of wich the Portuguese High Council (Conselho Superior de Bibliotecas) is National Focal Point- and the challenges with wich we are presented by the new paradigms of the information society.

Portugal: ten years of informa tion development

Brief review of developments in information work in Portugal since the early 1980s. Describes developments in public libraries, the national bibliographic database, training, software, access to online databases, CD-ROM and Portuguese participation in information projects of the European Community.

Nationalism, Regionalism and Micronationalism in Spain

In most of Southern Europe, the epoch of modernization has been accompanied by intense nationalism. This has assumed such specific and sometimes extreme forms that it has given rise to several neologisms, ranging from Italian 'irredentism' to the Greek 'Megali idea' and what Myron Weiner has termed the 'Macedonian syndrome'. Such features are familiar enough from any reading of Italian or Balkan history. When, however, we turn to the other peninsula of Southern Europe, familiar signs of this nature largely disappear. Spain and Portugal were 'old' imperial powers of the first era of European expansion, which in fact they pioneered, but their modern history has largely seemed to be characterized by frustrated modernization and intense, imploding domestic conflict. Untroubled from without after the defeat of Napoleon's invasion, they have remained apart from the great wars of this century (with the sole exception of Portuguese participation in the last two years of the first world war). It is probably fair to say that in no other European country has nationalism been weaker than in Spain prior to 1936, and in very few so weak. Some of the basic reasons for this are obvious enough: 1. Spain has been independent since approximately the eleventh century and achieved the first true world Empire in human history, long maintaining the status of an established power. 2. The traditional Spanish monarchy was confederal in structure and never created fully centralized institutions. 3. Culture and tradition in Spain were identified with religion in a manner that was more exclusive than in most other Christian lands, creating a climate of national Catholicism that would resist secularization until the 1960s.