History Of Portuguese Research Articles

Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment of Lisbon (Portugal)

The 1755 Lisbon earthquake holds significant historical importance in Portuguese history. The subsequent tsunami resulted in extensive destruction and damage, affecting not only Lisbon but also other regions of Portugal, Spain, and North Africa. This significant and hazardous event led to an increase in awareness about earthquake and tsunami risks, not only within Portugal but throughout Europe. This heightened awareness facilitated advancements in scientific developments, including design codes, standards, and earthquake engineering. However, recent studies focusing on hazard assessment for Lisbon are limited. For this reason, this paper aims to present a comprehensive probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) for the Lisbon metropolitan area. The first stage of PSHA involves defining applicable and active seismic source models (area and line sources) within the study area. Subsequently, historical and instrumental earthquake records are collected to build a homogenized earthquake catalog, utilizing both global and local earthquake databases. Following this, the completeness level of the earthquake catalog is tested. By incorporating suitable ground motion models to the region and local soil characteristics, seismic hazard maps for various return periods and hazard curves in terms of peak ground acceleration (PGA) are developed. The findings based on the area source model agree with existing literature, indicating PGA values ranging from 0.3 g to 0.9 g, 0.2 g to 0.7 g, 0.2 g to 0.5 g, and 0.1 g to 0.3 g for return periods of 2475, 975, 475, and 50 years, respectively.

Historical narratives: how Portuguese students aged 10 and 15 make use of national history

The main purpose of this study is to demonstrate how students make use of their knowledge about national history, while considering relevant perspectives in history education about the development of historical consciousness. A total of 103 students attending the sixth or the ninth grade in Portuguese schools were asked to ‘spontaneously’ write about the history of Portugal. This allowed the understanding of their historical literacy and the identification of the development of their historical consciousness. The data analysis was mainly based on a qualitative approach inspired by the grounded theory, carried out through a process of coding of the narrative elements in order to find meanings on conceptual trends. Generally, the results suggest the prevalence of similar schematic templates in the students’ narratives. At the same time, the research process highlighted two main categories: the assumption of a certain national identity and the understanding of intertemporal relations for personal orientation. Within the former, students either appear tied to fixed conceptions of the past, more often in the sixth grade, or to present a more historically balanced pattern, although still somewhat ethnocentric. In the latter, the idea of connecting the past and the present appears to be the overall trend, particularly in the ninth grade.

Fostes tu?: Analogical Change in European Portuguese and the Case of the Second Person Singular in the Simple Past (Indicative)

This paper sets out to study the second person–number marking in the (indicative) simple past in the history of European Portuguese, with a particular focus on morphological innovations such as fostes tu, which are considered deviant. These innovations, according to some brief descriptions in the literature (cf. Piel 1989; Williams 1994), are considered a case of morphological change by analogy; however, it remains to be determined whether it is a case of analogical extension or, possibly, leveling that would have resulted in syncretism. Based on data retrieved from private letters from the 16th to the 20th century by almost illiterate authors, we will argue that this innovation results from an analogical extension, motivated by morphological and pragmatic factors.

Intervention in Portuguese Historic Villages Facing Desertification and Climate Change

The 12 Historical Villages of Portugal, located on the border between Serra da Estrela and Spain, are a remarkable piece of Portuguese history. However, these villages have been deeply impacted by the increasing issue of depopulation, aging, and abandonment. While this phenomenon is not limited to these villages, there are certainly unique factors that contribute to the tension between maintaining the historical significance of the villages and addressing the everyday needs of the local. In the particular context of the buildings that still withstand, mostly in the central areas of the villages, many of those who insist on remaining in this territory end up abandoning the stone houses inside the villages and migrating to new buildings built in their surroundings.Despite its valuable symbolic capital (for its environmental, landscape and heritage potential), the tourism sector is clearly not the sole answer as its revenue to the local economy proves to be insufficient for the essential material, social and economic balance that attracts and fixes the population.The issue of unattractiveness in these villages is multifaceted. A key factor contributing to this problem is poor housing conditions, which fail to provide residents with the comfort they deserve. This lack of comfort also results in misguided interventions that mischaracterize the existing heritage, leading to a further devaluation of the symbolic capital of these communities.Considering this context and in articulation with the SDG11, it is imperative to establish solid bases for interventions in existing buildings that allow reconciling the need for adequate comfort levels with the protection of the landscape and heritage legacy, which incorporate innovation in terms of sustainability of materials and energy expenditure, with an alliance of ancestral knowledge with innovation in efficient water management, but also that pay attention to environmental, social, economic sustainability with beneficial impact on society and territory. These bases must also incorporate an adaptation to climate change that affects both the landscape and the comfort conditions inside the existent buildings.

El operador discursivo eso sí en español y sus correspondencias en portugués

"The discourse marker eso sí in Spanish and its correspondences in Portuguese. This paper analyzes the correspondences of eso sí in Portuguese. In the first part, the predominant values of this discursive marker in Spanish are studied and its evolution from the 16th century to the present is determined. Then, the most common values as a discourse marker of isso sim are analyzed (the literal correspondence of eso sí) in current Portuguese, also establishing its evolution in the history of Portuguese until its grammaticalization as a discourse marker in the 19th century. In the second part of the paper, a contrastive analysis is carried out between these two discourse markers, establishing the convergences and divergences, according to three parameters: i) the values; ii) the position in the statement; iii) the explicitation of the negation in the sentence before the one in which the discourse marker is integrated. In the final part of the article, the correspondences of eso sí in fourteen Portuguese translations of narrative works in Spanish are presented, and their acceptability is analyzed according to the predominant value of eso sí. Keywords: discourse markers, eso sí, isso sim, contrastive analysis, translation"

The origin of the Portuguese Drummonds

This paper explores the origin of the Drummond surname in the Portuguese archipelago of Madeira. Used by Portuguese subjects from the early 16th century, the name is claimed to derive from João Escórcio (‘John the Scot’ or ‘Scottish John’), a settler of the 15th century. The first aim of this paper is to provide an initial analysis of Escórcio’s existence in the record of the Council of Funchal, between 1470 and 1486, to contextualise his emergence in Portugal’s first Atlantic colony. As part of this approach, the historiography of Scottish migration is engaged with drawing upon examples of Scots overseas.
 The secondary purpose of this paper is to present the correspondence between Escórcio’s descendants, the Chiefs of the Clan Drummond and their kinsmen in Scotland, spanning the 16th to 18th centuries, to complement the chronology of Escórcio in Madeira. This same correspondence reconciles his identity with that of John Drummond, considered a son of Sir John Drummond of Stobhall and Cargill and Lady Elizabeth Sinclair, and reveals a tie of kinship between the Portuguese Drummonds and their Scottish namesakes. Through the research presented, currently Escórcio could be considered the earliest known example of a Scottish settler in Portuguese history, written into the historical record of the Clan Drummond. As a result, this paper may be considered a contribution to the study of Scottish migration within the Iberian world during the late medieval period, a field that is largely unknown.

Religious History in Portugal from Lusitania Sacra (1720) to the Enciclopédia de História Religiosa (2023): An Overview

The religious history in Portugal remains fragmented despite the progress made, especially in the last four decades, compared with other European historiographies. This article intends to identify factors that explain the Portuguese religious history landscape through an exhaustive diachronic presentation of the main works and authors. It aims to present the fundamental milestones of the field’s evolution, both thematically and institutionally. The ambiguous relationship between national memory and the hegemonic Catholic religious tradition, the ideological and political debates surrounding the late modern reset of national identity benchmarks, and the impacts of a dictatorial experience that conditioned the academic landscape for almost 50 years are the reasons for the late emergence of religious history in Portugal and its discreet presence in the academy. After establishing the essential chronology and underlining the main results, this article will outline Portuguese religious historiography’s most pressing tasks and challenges.

Fernando Pessoa: Portugal in His Heart

The name of Fernando Pessoa (1888–1935), who is a great Portuguese poet and political journalist, unfortunately is not well known to the common Russian reader. In Portugal he became famous only after his premature death. Besides his unquestionable talent, the poet was well known because of his «heteronyms», i.e. imaginary authors (he had more than 42 of them). Along with that, every one of his «heteronyms» had his own biography and literary style. The majority of those who study the creative work of Fernando Pessoa (one of the most prominent of them is the British literary critic R. Zenith), believe, dealing with his «phenomenon», that the peculiarities of this man in many aspects were caused by the specific features of his character, love for his home country and its language, and by his faith in the «Sebastianist» idea (16th century). Deeply submerged in his inner world, the poet frequently did not separate his fantasies from the reality, showing along with that his surprising proper feeling of that reality and the unique capacity to foresee it. As a political journalist, Pessoa is interesting to study due to his views on the history of Portugal and the future of Europe. His views have drifted from the early republicanism to the «scientific monarchism» in the adult times, and testified that the poet never stopped in his studies of the outer world, suggesting his own, sometimes rather original ways of its understanding. At the same time, Pessoa’s views resonate to a certain degree with those of Russian philosophers A. Losev and M. Bakhtin. The «Sebastianist» myth and the project of the «Fifth Empire» were interlaced in the Pessoa’s philosophic heritage with the concept of Portuguese national identity. Without them he didn’t see any perspectives for the future development of his country. Utopia in his works never denied the reality, rather it creatively developed and complemented the latter. Partly, utopia might reflect his response to the reactionary trends within Portugal as well as in Europe as a whole in the 1930s. The transfer of his ashes to the famous Jerónimos Monastery in 1985, where the remains of Vasco da Gama, Camões and the King Sebastian also lay, symbolized the recognition of Pessoa as a Great Portuguese poet.

Online hate speech on social media in Portugal: extremism or structural racism?

ABSTRACT This paper analyses online racial hate speeches in Portugal. The theory underpinning this research challenges the idea that racism is an epiphenomenon in European and Portuguese history. Beginning with a theoretical framework which conceives racism as a historically constructed system of power and privilege, we argue that its structural nature paved the way for the consolidation and normalisation of openly racist discourses. Moreover, this paper demonstrates that the nature of racist narratives can only be understood from a theoretical conceptualisation which problematises the Portuguese colonial past and its current continuities. In this research, a critical analysis of discourses produced and reproduced on social media, namely Facebook and Twitter, was carried out. From a comparative analysis of the periods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, the idea that this health crisis coincided with a shift of the dominant racist narratives is thus challenged.

The Edge of the “Stone Raft”. From euro-enthusiasm to moderate scepticism in Portuguese History textbooks (2000-2020)

This paper aims to study how issues related to the European Economic Community/European Union (EEC/EU) are presented in Portuguese 9th-grade History textbooks. The methodological approach is mainly qualitative, based on a content analysis of ten textbooks, but some quantitative data was also considered in order to determine the importance given to the EEC/EU construction process and Portugal’s integration into it. It can be concluded that although the history textbooks contain some information about the political construction process, the institutions of the EEC/EU and its economic and social policies, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of Portugal’s integration into the EU, the information is mainly presented from a linear perspective and does not prioritise the development of students’ critical thinking. This study also points to a predominance of content related to national citizenship, the concept of European citizenship being presented in a brief and normative way. Our intention, in the near future, is to expand on this study, with a comparative study between Portugal and Spain, thus encompassing the Stone raft.

Portuguese History since the Late Middle Ages through the History of Technology: A Four-Volume Overview.

This article assesses a four-volume overview of the history of science, technology, and medicine in Portugal since the late Middle Ages. Camprubí argues that the series sheds new light on the country's economic, political, and cultural history.

Double Object Constructions in Afro-Brazilian Portuguese

During the colonial period (16th - 19th centuries), Brazil was a multilingual country, home to Portuguese, Indigenous peoples, and Africans. Portuguese was learned as a second language by the Africans brought to Brazil by the slave trade, mainly under the influence of the Bantu languages the slaves spoke. From this language contact, an Afro-Brazilian Portuguese variety has emerged (ABP) which displays a ditransitive construction with an unmarked Goal dative, and V-Goal-Theme order, similar to Double Object Constructions (DOC) in English. We propose that the so-called DOC in ABP can be understood in terms of the Maximizing Minimal Means model (Biberauer 2018, 2019). In this model, Feature Economy and Feature/Input Generalization (Biberauer & Roberts 2017) constitute a major factor in L2 learning in contact scenarios. For the innovative ABP structure, the [+animate] and low applicative features of the Bantu substrate grammars are shown to have been key in the first generation’s L2 acquisition of a marked Classical Portuguese V-Goal-Theme structure. The structure becomes established in subsequent L1 acquisition of ABP, with expansion beyond the original core structures.

Colonial Brazilian Portuguese: a new research agenda between Classical Portuguese and Modern Brazilian Portuguese

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar elementos para a constituição de uma nova agenda de pesquisas em relação aos estudos sobre a formação do português brasileiro moderno durante o Brasil Colônia. Para isso, apresentaremos a hipótese de que, entre o português clássico - uma das línguas presentes no Brasil Colônia - e a constituição do português brasileiro moderno em sua vertente prestigiada, houve uma variedade linguística adquirida pelos brancos nascidos no Brasil aqui denominada de português colonial brasileiro. Exporemos indícios linguísticos e sócio-históricos que sugerem a validade dessa hipótese. Além disso, discutiremos algumas implicações teórico-metodológicas para o estudo dessa variedade a partir de um ponto de vista da sintaxe microcomparativa. Finalmente, proporemos algumas questões de pesquisa, centradas na possibilidade de identificação de traços conservadores e inovadores do português brasileiro moderno a partir do estudo do português colonial brasileiro.

Liberalismo y derechos humanos en la Constitución de Cádiz de 1812 y en la Constitución portuguesa de 1822. Historia comparada

This article appeals to the convenience of reinforcing the use of comparatism as a methodological tool to better understand the history of early Portuguese and Spanish liberalism and their proven interactions. Based on comparative history and “discourse analysis (DA)”, considering secondary sources and primary legislative and media sources, we enter into the legal and historiographical debate on the impact of the Spanish Constitution of 1812 on the Portuguese Constitution of 1822, of which we are celebrating the bicentenary this year, and reinterprets and qualifies the role played by the introduction of a Declaration of Human Rights – absent in the Cadiz Constitution – in the Portuguese Constitution, minimizing the differential burden that historiography has tended to attribute of this piece of normative discourse on human rights from both the analytical and sociopolitical points of view.

From academia to society: an experience of science communication by the Research Support Center in Etymology and History of the Portuguese Language (NEHiLP) at the University of São Paulo

O presente artigo descreve a experiência do projeto “Da academia à sociedade: as mídias digitais como ferramentas de divulgação científica” do Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa (NAP) em Etimologia e História da Língua Portuguesa (NEHiLP) da Universidade de São Paulo. O projeto atua, desde 2019 e ainda está em desenvolvimento, de modo a maximizar o potencial de difusão de saberes científicos por meio das redes sociais Instagram, Twitter e Facebook, utilizadas como ferramentas para a divulgação científica. O principal objetivo é informar a comunidade externa à comunidade acadêmica e fomentar a importância da propagação e do incentivo às atividades que ocorrem dentro dos muros universitários, especialmente relacionadas aos estudos linguísticos. Desse modo, a intenção primordial é minimizar a distância entre a sociedade e a academia ao promover a democratização do conhecimento científico, com especial preocupação com a facilidade de acesso e compreensão pelo público leigo e também com o estímulo do pensamento crítico.

Zarco Moniz Ferreira and the Portuguese radical right-wing between authoritarianism and democracy: a biographical approach

In the 1960s and 1970s, Portugal witnessed a cycle of political radicalisation on the right and left, in the context of the crisis and fall of the authoritarian Salazarist regime, and the transition to democracy after the military coup of 1974. For the right wing, radicalisation was led by young university students inspired by the Portuguese nationalism of the first half of the 20th century, but also by foreign doctrines from the inter-war period, and by the neo-fascist subculture immediately after the second world war. This article explores the mobilisation of this radical subculture, with its links to the Estado Novo and the European far right, through a bibliographical appreciation of one of its best-known leaders, nationally and internationally: Zarco Moniz Ferreira. From his career as a political activist, between the end of authoritarianism and the democratic transition, a faithful picture emerges of the characteristics, dynamics, successes and failures of the mobilisation of the far-right in those troubled years of recent Portuguese history.

„Който не помни, не съществува. Не го боли. Не го гризе съвестта...“: загадъчният дискурс на Гарсия де Резенде в историческия роман на Фернандо Кампош „Счупеният смарагд“

The postmodern historical novel “The Broken Emerald” is the most multifaceted work by the Portuguese author Fernando Campos, which reveals the differences in the opinion of winners and losers of the Age of Exploration under the rule of King John II, presented to the reader by the viewpoint of Garcia de Resende, a court chronicler. Campos’ work is a part of tetralogy, dedicated to the rise and fall of the Portuguese Empire. The article focuses on the emotions, evoked by the imaginary dialogue between the Renaissance chronicler Garcia de Resende and the spirit of the recently deceased monarch, which reveals the reasons for the decline of the Empire and the loss of the independence. The paper is concentrated on the narrator’s subjective feelings and their gradual unfolding in the narrative, which help to construct a multidimensional and multi-sided rereading of a key period in Portuguese history.

Encompassing the Earth: Magellan's voyage from its political context to its expansion of knowledge

Between 1519 and 1522, the Magellan–Elcano expedition completed the first circumnavigation of the world. This contribution offers a new interpretation of the political context leading to the voyage and, in particular, it considers the long history of Portuguese–Castilian rivalry in the Atlantic, reassessing the importance of the Treaty of Alcáçovas (1479). The second part of the article clarifies the objectives and achievements of the voyage, arguing that a reading of primary documents concerning Magellan's reward is necessary in order to understand the rationale behind the northerly route followed across the Pacific. It also sheds light on the momentous changes brought to Europe's geographical and cosmographical frameworks by the realization that all the oceans are one and the shattering of previous limits to human mobility. Finally, the article considers the images of Asian maritime and human geographies produced by one of the few survivors of the voyage, Antonio Pigafetta, in his Relazione, proposing a reading of this text centred around the concept of genuine curiosity, even in a broader context of Iberian empire-building.

Co-production and Voice in Policymaking: Participatory Processes in the European Periphery.

Co-production is now the gold standard in policymaking, characterised by national and international actors with different types of knowledge working together to contribute to a collaborative decision-making process. The benefits of co-production in policymaking can include improved knowledge generation that merges practice-centred, political and technical knowledge and incorporates local knowledges to provide complementary information and increase ownership over policymaking processes. Nevertheless, it can also present pitfalls such as multiple and diverging interests, incomplete and asymmetric information, and resource asymmetries and elite capture as highlighted by Bender in (Eur J Dev Res, 2022). By reviewing a case in the European periphery, we document and illustrate situations of collaboration and conflict, benefits and pitfalls resulting from policymaking co-production, throughout recent Portuguese history and in present-day participatory budget initiatives. From competing national actors to influences from the Global North and Global South, the final outcome reflects a learning process in collaboration but also underlying power struggles.

O selvagem africano, o falso mouro e o exótico gentio: Imagens dos orientais n’«Os lusíadas» e no presente

Using as its background the celebration of the 450 years since the publication of The Lusiads by Luís Vaz de Camões and the several discourses which have originated in the media around those same celebrations, this paper aims at analysing the contribution of this work for the shaping and development of Orientalist discourse in Portugal. I begin by listing the terms that Camões used to refer to Africans, Middle Easterners and Indians and then I compare them with modern media representations of the same peoples. I conclude that, despite the temporal difference, modern representations are defined by continuity and similarity rather than by rupture and difference. In the final section, I try to assess the different memories regarding Camões and his work as well as the history of Portugal and of the African and Asian people in the contemporary world.