Portuguese Communities Research Articles

Identifying Priorities for Aging Policies in Two Portuguese Communities

ABSTRACTThe aging population has an impact on health, social, and economic issues in regard to individuals, communities, and organizations. The challenge for local policies in response to aging is to create sufficient resources to meet the population’s needs, wishes, and rights as people age. Active aging constitutes one of the guiding perspectives on policies. Taking into account the local governance perspective, the Model for Aging Local Policies Analysis (MALPA) was created in order to convert the active aging paradigm into a practical approach, as a technique to evaluate and analyze local aging policies. In this research, the MALPA instrument was applied in two Portuguese communities (Coruche and Oeiras). The objective was to identify the intervention priorities of aging policies in both communities, determining whether the instrument can facilitate the development of proposals for the improvement of local aging policies. It was possible to evaluate the communities and programs, identifying the least appropriate policy actions regarding the intervention priorities. The results allowed us to identify 10 priorities about collaborative governance, involvement of the elderly in the policy-making process, lifelong learning, economic hardship, policies for all ages, isolated vulnerable and fragile groups, intergenerational contacts, safety in all policies, labor opportunities, and conditions and transport network improvement.

“El corazón de la afición está contigo”: un acercamiento lingüístico-discursivo a los himnos oficiales de fútbol catalanófonos, lusófonos e hispanófonos en la Península Ibérica

Based on the analysis of Portuguese, Spanish, and Catalan anthems of football clubs, this article demonstrates the way Iberian football clubs construct collective identities in a linguistically discursive manner. With special regard to the use of toponyms and quantifiers in this field of text music, the Catalan discourse community of the Iberoromania differs from the Castilian discourses in central, southern, and northern Spain. For the most part, however, the analysis that is predominantly conducted in a text-centric and discourse-linguistic way shows convergences in the use of lexical fields such as war or virtue as well as personal and possessive pronouns in the anthems of all three languages. This result underscores the similarities between the Portuguese and Spanish discourse communities, the latter being extended by means of the Catalan region.

Cultural organizations, collaborative contexts and public: How they become small communities

Abstract While some of our early studies on cultural policy focus on the role played by central government in the support of Portuguese artistic and cultural organizations, more attention should be paid to the way in which the local work of organizations can be developed by examining the collaborative art contexts that had predated government funding. We introduce the idea that collaborative contexts are feeding and boosting organizations’ work and, consequently, enhancing the effect of the government aid that targets local communities. Using a multiple case-study methodology, we argue that culture goes beyond state funding and we illustrate this by examining the cultural projects developed by artistic organizations in five Portuguese inter-municipal communities with different collaborative profiles and geographies. We find that informal contexts, networks and partnerships foster the local collaboration of cultural organizations and enhance their reputation. We also draw attention to other complementary dynamics introduced by the collaborative art process such as the increase in cultural organizations’ activities; the growth of local professionals, thus fostering the local arts profiles and creation itself; the greater cosmopolitanism of cultural organizations that operate in cities, villages or districts and move in international arenas; and finally, the intensification of cultural experiences and conviviality with the participating public.

Migrants, inequalities and social research in the 1920s: The story of Two Portuguese Communities in New England

ABSTRACTIn this article, I analyse the production and reception of a 1923 social monograph on migrant communities in New England and in doing so: (1) outline an archaeology of the social sciences in the U.S., by analysing aspects of their development, dynamics, institutional politics and research agendas; (2) discuss the tensions between social, racial and cultural interpretations of inequalities in the political economy of the 1920s; (3) analyse the pervasiveness of racialist thinking in science, society and politics, its impact in the hierarchization of groups for purposes of border control, and how the targeted groups responded to it.

Echinococcus granulosus ss in dog - A report in center-northern Portugal.

Routine parasitic control and health care of the dog is lacking in many Portuguese rural communities. Freely roaming and stray dogs are responsible for the maintenance of a permanent parasitic infection pressure, namely of zoonotic importance. Therefore, a good understanding of the epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus including the transmission to man is of great significance to further the awareness within the rural populations and the local health authorities of this zoonotic parasite. This report aims at a better understanding of the epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus in the Cantanhede region, located in the Central region of Portugal, through the necropsy of stray dogs. At the Official Veterinary Kennel of this Municipality, 105 stray dogs were studied for the presence of Echinococcus granulosus following the adult cestode recovery with necropsy procedure of the first third part of the small intestine. One dog revealed to be positive (1.05%) and the sampled Echinococcus were genotyped and identified as E. granulosus ss. As this genotype is widely spread and has been reported in different parts of the world, further work is necessary to be conducted in this and other regions of Portugal for a better understanding of E. granulosus epidemiology within the typical small rural farms where pig rearing plays an important economic role.

Minority Voices – Mental Health Representations in Roma Portuguese Communities

• Introduction Systemized research on the social representations of mental health in minority groups is scarce and it is even scarcer with Roma communities. • Aim This paper describes a research conducted from the perspective of social representations theory exploring the understanding of mental ill-health amongst Roma communities residing in the center region of Portugal (Coimbra). • Methods A qualitative ethnographic study was conducted. Data from observations, interviews with key informants, field notes and Focus groups were analyzed Results Findings suggest that the culturally-based conceptions of mental health and emotional well-being in these Roma participants have a holistic approach, without a clear separation between the concept of ' physical health ” and ' mental health ”. In this study, the notion of mental health and emotional well-being was strongly associated with the family’s well-being, including the extended family, and not only with the individual well-being Conclusions Mental health promoting programs in Roma communities should integrate families in structural interventions and, an ecological approach.

Migração, trabalho e etnicidade: portugueses e ingleses no porto de Manaus, 1880-1920

O artigo busca explorar dimensões da composição e vivência dos trabalhadores urbanos de Manaus em sua mais dinâmica fase modernizadora (1880-1920), a luz de novas categorias de análise, em especial das que se ligam às distinções étnicas no interior do mundo do trabalho amazonense do período. O ponto de partida da análise é a constatação, a partir de referências documentais diversas, com destaque para a imprensa, da atuação polarizada de portugueses e ingleses no âmbito do trabalho portuário. Deslocando-se do porto à cidade, o artigo aborda as formas pelas quais as comunidades portuguesas e inglesas buscaram se relacionar com a "cidade da borracha" e com seus habitantes.

Editorial for thematic series: 1st Luso-Brazilian conference on adhesion and adhesives

© A m This special issue of Applied Adhesion Science (AAS) contains selected papers presented at the 1 Luso-Brazilian Conference on Adhesion and Adhesives (CLBA 2012) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during November 8–9, 2012. CLBA 2012 was chaired by both of us and was co-organized by the Brazilian Association of Adhesion and Adhesives (ABAA) and the Portuguese Association of Adhesion and Adhesives (APAA). The goal of the conference was to join the Portuguese and Brazilian communities to discuss issues related to adhesive bonding research lately developed in both countries. Approximately 60 papers were presented by researchers from many universities and research centers. In order to disseminate the work presented in CLBA 2012, selected papers were prepared which resulted in the present Special Issue. In the first paper, Queiroz et al. study the creep behavior of single-lap joints (SLJ). They developed a pneumatic creep equipment capable of testing ten specimens simultaneously. Results show that the average tensile strength is not enough to guarantee project safety, for long term applications. An initial model for the creep behavior of bonded joints was also proposed. In the next paper, Sales et al. investigated the effect of periodontal disease on the bond strength of fiberglass posts. Push-out tests were performed in specimens prepared with different adhesive systems and resin cements. It was possible to conclude that periodontal disease did not affected the bond strength mean values of fiberglass posts cementation. In the third paper, Silva Neto et al. present a numerical and experimental investigation on the adhesion between the steel tube and cement paste in petroleum wells. Push-out tests were performed with three different interface conditions in order to validate the numerical model. They observed the influence of the different conditions used in the experiments and the sensibility of the model variables to these changes. Antunes et al. worked on the characterization of FeCr and FeCoCr alloy coatings of carbon steels for marine environment applications. The adhesive strength of alloy coatings using thermal spray process was studied and related to chemical composition. Five combinations of wires and intermediate bonds were used. The coatings were characterized by morphological aspects, corrosion and adhesion tests. They concluded that the FeCoCr deposition, with an epoxy sealing, is suitable to be used as an efficient coating of carbon steel in aggressive marine environments. The last paper by Souza and Reis is related to the thermal behavior of DGEBA (Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A) adhesives. Three different epoxy adhesives used in the offshore industry are characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The

Are we all on the same boat? The challenge of adaptation facing Portuguese coastal communities: Risk perception, trust-building and genuine participation

The Portuguese coast is experiencing severe erosion and loss of beachfront, processes which are expected to become worse with climate change impacts. These additional alterations are beginning to show at a time when financing for conventional coastal protection is no longer guaranteed at scales of investment which are likely to be required if future coastlines are to be maintained. This paper looks at how residents and key stakeholders of three coastal communities in Portugal perceive such possible changes, how far they judge and trust current coastal management, and how they perceive their current participation and foresee future forms of involvement on adaptive coastal change. The evidence from these surveys and interviews suggests that there is a strong commitment in each location to maintaining current levels of coastal protection, and to preserving the integrity of local societies and economies, even though there is also recognition that adaptation in some form will eventually be required. However, our research reveals that there is not yet sufficient trust between coastal stakeholders, especially towards public institutions and policies, for any degree of progressive coastal adaptation to take place. Building trust in creative learning processes of progressive adaptation could lead to improved science and participation along with a meaningful dialogue over cooperative coastal planning and financing. The research undertaken for this paper lays the groundwork for such a process of trust-building to begin.

The Leadership of the Portuguese Community Schools of the East Coast of the United States and Cultural Identity: A Multiple Case Study

1 IntroductionThe ethnic groups try to reproduce in their new environments the traditions, the mores and the systems of organization of the mother-land. Among the various forms of communitarian organizations are the 'ethnic schools', educational institutions with a basic common objective: To teach and to preserve the language and the culture of one determined ethnic group. While that Joshua Fishman (1966) considers those schools as the factor most active in the maintenance of the language in the biggest part of the ethnic communities, Bradunas and Topping (1988) describe those same schools as formal manifestations of adaptations of the immigrants to the American society.Are counted by the thousands the ethnic schools that in the United States continue to provide an alternative education and/or supplemental education to many American children (Fishman, 1980a) and among these thousands are about seventy Portuguese Official Schools (POS). With a long historical tradition, the Portuguese communities in the United States have come to create and to keep these schools for almost a century (Bradunas & Topping 1988).For many Luso-Americans, the Portuguese Official Schools (POS) represent the natural symbiosis with the language and Portuguese culture and a community effort in the direction of awakening the conscience and sensitivity of the children for the cultural values inherited from their parents and grandparents (Bento, A educacao: Da familia a escola, 1985) and to perpetuate our language, culture and identity in the time and communitarian Luso-American space.2 Literature Review2.1 The ethnic schools in the United StatesJoshua Fishman, leader and pioneer in researching the Ethnic instruction relates that the United States, as the greater multilingual and multicultural nation cannot disregard the thousands of schools and the hundreds of thousands of children that the ethnic schools serve. Fishman (1980a) affirms:These schools must be enclosed in the list of our educational, social and intellectual resources for national reasons given the fact that the United States cannot give itself the luxury to ignore six thousand schools attended by six hundred thousand children (p. 236)The Ethnic Schools are supplemental schools functioning between six and 10 hours per week and between three to five sessions of two hours each (Bradunas & Topping 1988). According to Fishman (1989), linguistic education is only one of the multiple objectives of the ethnic schools. The education of traditions and history of ancestors, the wakening and the development of the ethnic identity, the improvement of communication between parents and children and the creation of chances for the members of the community to work and to socialize among them, are also essential objectives of great importance. In this way, Ethnic Schools had given an important and independent contribution to the maintenance of ethnic languages and cultures. Bentley (1982) affirms:For besides keeping the identity and increasing academic education, the proficiency in two languages is one advantage in a cosmopolitan world. Nine of ten Americans don't know how to speak, to read or to understand another language for beyond the English. An education that leads to a high degree of bilingualism in English and a minority language is of great value for this country (p. 114).As all the other ethnic schools, the POS transmit to its pupil's significant levels of reading, writing and comprehension of the Portuguese language. Moreover, POS give also emphasis to history, literature, mores and traditions of the Portuguese people.2.2 Language and cultural identityThe language is not only one instrument of communication. According to Haugen (1974), the language is a social instrument that follows and gives to existence to all the other social institutions because the language is the base of all the others institutions of the society. …

Sustainable capacity building among immigrant communities: the Raising Sexually Healthy Children Program in Canada

The Raising Sexually Healthy Children (RSHC) program is a peer-to-peer leadership training program for immigrant parents in Toronto, Canada. It was established in 1998 with the goal of promoting family sex education and parent-child communication. This evaluative study examined the developmental processes and outcomes of the RSHC program to identify the strengths, challenges and insights that can be used to improve the program. It employed a multi-case study approach to compare the RSHC programs delivered in the Chinese, Portuguese and Tamil communities. Data collection methods included focus groups, individual interviews and document analysis. The cross-case analysis identified both common and unique capacity building processes and outcomes in the three communities. In this paper, we report factors that have enhanced and hindered sustainable capacity building at the individual, group/organizational and community levels, and the strategies used by these communities to address challenges common to immigrant families. We will discuss the ecological and synergetic, but time-consuming processes of capacity building, which contributed to the sustainability of RSHC as an empowering health promotion program for immigrant communities. We conclude the paper by noting the implications of using a capacity building approach to promote family health in ethno-racial-linguistic minority communities.

Jerry Dávila . Hotel Trópico: Brazil and the Challenge of African Decolonization, 1950–1980 . Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press. 2010. Pp. xi, 312. Cloth $84.95, paper $23.95.

Jerry Dávila's book offers a gripping historical account of Brazilian diplomatic and economic overtures toward Africa between the 1950s and 1980s. This was a period of political transformation in Brazil, ranging from a brief succession of center-left democratically elected governments to a lengthy military regime comprised of moderate to extreme right-wing autocratic presidencies. It was also a time of rapid modernization and massive economic growth that propelled Brazil's emergence as a major geopolitical power in the south Atlantic. Dávila's study is based on the memoirs and oral histories of diplomats who were protagonists in the expansion of Brazil's ties to the African continent. He also conducted extensive research in newspaper archives, the Portuguese foreign ministry archive in Lisbon, and the Itamaraty (Brazilian foreign ministry) archive in Brasilia. Dávila argues that in order to understand Brazil's relationship with Africa it is imperative to consider both the complexity of race relations in Brazil and its long history of slavery. Brazil's contradictory racial history along with the emotional attachment to Brazil's African roots by the country's intellectual, artistic, and diplomatic elites shaped the attitudes and expectations of the overwhelmingly white diplomatic corps. Brazil's relationship with Africa was also complicated by its colonial history. While British and French African colonies declared independence in the 1960s, the Portuguese African colonies (specifically Angola, Guinea-Bissau, and Mozambique) were in the throes of a multi-front war against the Portuguese dictatorship of António de Oliveira Salazar. Many among the Brazilian elites, supported by large Portuguese ethnic communities in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, maintained a sentimental attachment to Portugal and lobbied for Portugal's national/colonial interests. These factors attenuated Brazil's ability to position itself as a “non-hegemonic postcolonial” power in Africa.

Weak effects of the exotic invasive Carpobrotus edulis on the structure and composition of Portuguese sand-dune communities

Sand dune ecosystems have a high conservation value worldwide, but they are highly threatened by exotic plant invasion. We investigated the impacts of the exotic invasive species Carpobrotus edulis on the composition and structure (spatial pattern, total cover, species diversity and species co-occurrence) of native sand dune communities in the western coast of Portugal. We studied eight sites following a north-south gradient; in each site we established 8–10 transects of 25 contiguous quadrats of one square meter. C. edulis had a significantly clumped pattern in five of the study sites, which, however, was not related to the spatial pattern of native species. The effects of climate on the community structure variables were on average three times stronger than those of C. edulis. This species also had small effects on the floristic composition of native species. Our results indicate that the success and impacts of C. edulis are habitat-dependent and context-specific. They also provide evidence of a strong resilience to the impacts of invasion in the studied sand dune ecosystems: C. edulis did not reach large abundances or exert negative impacts on native communities to the extent expected. These ecosystems provide a unique opportunity to increase our understanding on the origin of impacts by invasive species, and on how particular communities resist the impacts of an invader.

“Como é linda a minha aldeia”: o papel dos gêneros musicais massivos na construção de uma imagem mítica de Portugal

O objetivo deste paper é investigar em que medida alguns gêneros musicais populares massivos e midiáticos atuaram no sentido de reforçar uma determinada imagem mítica de Portugal, associada à condição de destino turístico ou direcionada à comunidade migrante residente no exterior, sobretudo durante a última década do Salazarismo (1964-1974) e também ao longo do decênio posterior. Inicialmente, busco estabelecer uma conexão entre o imaginário simbólico consagrado nessa época e as representações hegemônicas sobre Portugal que hoje circulam nas revistas e cadernos de turismo, notadamente naqueles cujo foco é a capital Lisboa. Em um segundo momento, tendo em vista nosso (des)conhecimento da produção musical portuguesa contemporânea, discuto como a predominância de formatos enquadrados naquilo que se consagrou como nacional-cançonetismo está intimamente relacionada à perpetuação de alguns “recortes” estereotipizantes sobre Portugal, associada, quase sempre, a iniciativas de caráter político e mercadológico.

‘Insolence and pride’: problems with the representation of the South-East Asian Portuguese communities in Alexander Hamilton's ‘A New Account of the East Indies’ (1727)

AbstractOne of the most influential European printed sources on South-East Asia at the turn of the eighteenth century was the Scottish sea-captain Alexander Hamilton's memoirs. The picture he paints of the Portuguese communities that had existed since the period of Portuguese ascendancy in the sixteenth century is overwhelmingly negative. But a close textual and empirical analysis of his text shows that not only was he frequently misinformed in terms of the historical developments relating to that community, but that he merely conforms to a set of standard rhetorical tropes we can associate with the Black Legend, which had grown up in Protestant countries of northern Europe since the 16th century to denigrate Portugal and her achievements. This article urges that this key text consequently be used with far greater circumspection than has hitherto been the case.

La politique linguistique québécoise et le comportement des jeunes Québécois d’origine grecque et portugaise

"This paper briefly presents the results of surveys made in 1983 and 1984 within the Greek and Portuguese communities of Montreal [Canada], in order to investigate the reaction of these two groups with respect to policy measures directing their children towards the French school system. Results show that, among Greeks, legislation did not markedly affect the privileged place of English, while among Portuguese, who previously were already much more French-oriented, the main impact of these policy measures seems to have been a decline in the knowledge of English among the young." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Contacto, conhecimento e conflito: dinâmicas cultuais e sociais num movimento evangélico cigano na Península Ibérica

Este texto propõe uma análise dos cultos evangélicos da Igreja Filadélfia, um movimento cristão protestante de forte implantação entre os ciganos de ­Portugal e Espanha. Procurando compreender a importância da prática ritual na experiência religiosa e identitária dos crentes, proponho os conceitos de “contacto”, “conhecimento” e “conflito” como mecanismos para explicar como os cultos são local e socialmente implantados na contemporaneidade cigana, ligando ideologia, memória e práticas.

Pregnancy outcomes and migration in Switzerland: results from a focus group study

To explore the issues of pregnancy and delivery in migrant women in their interaction with the Swiss healthcare system. Focus groups were conducted with women of the Turkish and Portuguese communities. Swiss women were included as the reference group. Interpreters were used when needed. Group discussions were recorded and transcribed; all communications were categorized by specific themes and subdivided as to content. Eight focus groups were held: there were a total of 40 participants including 14 Turkish, 17 Portuguese, 9 Swiss. The study revealed that migrant women in Switzerland face stressful situations, which may differ according to nationality and length of stay in the country. Main factors negatively affecting pregnancy were stress due to precarious living conditions, heavy work during pregnancy, inadequate communication with healthcare providers, and feelings of racism and discrimination in society. Main findings of this qualitative study confirm that migrant communities need focused health attention because of numerous barriers to healthcare experienced in Switzerland. Improving the reproductive health of the migrant community is a priority that can be addressed by public health interventions, including integration of migrants into the society, strict observance of labor regulations, improved communication with healthcare providers, and better information targeting migrant communities.

Portuguese-American Literature: Some Thoughts and Questions

The Portuguese communities of the United States have been producing a steady flow of creative works both in Portuguese and in English. Usually, these works are considered part of American literature if writ ten in English and of Portuguese literature if written in Portuguese. However, from a sociological point of view one can look at the communities as a single coherent whole expressing itself in two languages. In fact, whether written in English or in Portuguese, these books are received as part of the Portuguese-American world (I have called it L(USA)land) while at the same time dissolving at both ends into the mainstreams of Portuguese and American literary traditions. Given the cultural similarities and proximity between Portuguese communities in Canada and the U.S., they are here treated collectively as North-American Portuguese. home during the African Colonial wars that resulted in the dramatic end of its overseas empire. During those turbulent years, a leftist ideology dominated Portuguese politics and the tradition loving islands of the Azores felt threatened by the changes that questioned their five-century old Counter-Reformation Catholicism. The Azores Islands have had a two-hundred-year relation ship with the United States through various waves of migration to America, with Azoreans settling mostly throughout Southeastern New England and in California. The close relationship between Azoreans in the homeland and the diaspora communities in the U.S. (where at various points over the twentieth century the majority of those born in the Azores have resided) fostered a political alignment between the islands and the United States. Promoting its own geo-strategic self-interest?there is an important U.S. military base in the islands?the U.S. Government also promoted this relationship. This connection of the Azores to its North American diaspora pro voked a serious ideological drift between the islands and Portugal. One culmination of this rift was a liberation movement based in the United States that emerged to threaten the Azores seces sion from the Portuguese State. The political turmoil subsided with a compromise measure when a moderate ruling authority took power in Lisbon through which Azoreans negotiated a constitutional political and eco nomic autonomy from the mainland, although remaining a part of the Portuguese state. In this context, it is understandable that someone from the United States might resurrect the century-old issue of Azorean literature?albeit from a different angle. At the low-point of Azores/Portugal relations, bilingual education was in its heyday in the U.S., with federal guidelines advocating that migrants should be taught in their native language as they learned English, through text books that connected these students to their own worlds. To meet these guidelines for Azorean schoolchildren, it was necessary to provide schools with works by Azorean poets and fiction writers. The initiative, however, met with much resistance across the Atlantic, mostly from main land Portugal, but also including some in the Azores. Political factions opposing independence

Portuguese Immigrant Women’s Perspectives on Wife Abuse

This descriptive study seeks to understand what first and second generation Portuguese women believe about wife abuse and what actions they believe are appropriate for an abused wife. Eighty first generation and 54 second generation women participated. The researcher read the questionnaire items aloud in one-on-one meetings. Overall, participants defined wife abuse broadly, did not approve of wife abuse, were most likely to believe that women should seek external help, and did not hold strong patriarchal beliefs. However, a number of generational differences were found. Second generation women were more likely to label an abusive behavior as abuse, and first generation women were more likely to approve of abuse, endorse indirect or traditional options to deal with wife abuse, and hold stronger patriarchal beliefs. The study's implications for research and practice within Portuguese communities are discussed.