Portable Power Research Articles

PERANCANGAN TANGAN PROSTHESIS BAWAH SIKU BERBASIS FLEXY HAND 2 DAN FLEX SENSOR

One of the best ways to rehabilitate persons with disabilities is to use prostheses. However, not all persons with disabilities, especially those with disabilities on the hands can use all types of prosthesis hands. The purpose of this research is to develop Flexy Hand 2 into a 3D Printing-based prosthesis hand that is wider in its scope of use. The method used in this research is trial and error. The scope of the user of this prosthesis hand is a person with disabilities below the elbow who still has one other hand that still has at least 3 fingers. The result of this research is a prosthetic hand that can move the entire finger and can mimic it basic hand movements such as grasping objects and picking up objects with a delay between the transmitter and receiver modules ranging from 132 milliseconds to 260 milliseconds. The entire modules works at a voltage of 5V which means the hand can be turned using a portable power supply. Keyword : Disabilities, Prosthetic Hand, Flexy Hand 2, Flex Sensor, Trial and Error.

Portable power supply design with 100 Watt capacity

Renewable energy from solar cells is a type of alternative energy for consumers, especially those far from electricity, and saves electrical energy. This research developed an innovative tool for portable solar power generators as a source of energy, which stores electrical energy in two ways, namely solar cells and transformers. Furthermore, this research is expected to improve innovation tools for more efficient electricity supply and energy use, especially for rural communities. It also uses a variety of battery capacities to test portable power supplies. The results showed that the power supply using 100 Wp solar cells produced a capacity of 20 Ah, 60 Ah, and 100 Ah on the battery. Charging with a solar energy source on a 20 Ah battery takes a duration of 5 hours to be fully charged, while 60 Ah and 100 Ah batteries cannot be fully charged in one day. Charging a battery that has been run at a full level takes a duration of 15 hours at a temperature of 30oC to 34oC. Finally, this tool is expected to add variety to locally manufactured products.

Miniature self-powering and self-aspirating combustion-powered thermoelectric generator burning gas fuels for combined heat and power supply

Developing a portable combined heat and power (CHP) system is vitally important under attacks of natural disasters. A self-powering and self-aspirating combustion-powered thermoelectric generator (TEG), which burns gas fuels from standard gas tanks, is first designed and optimized to provide such a CHP solution. The total weight of the proposed CHP system, including shells and accessories for user's convenience, is 4.4 kg. This system can also simultaneously provide electric and clean heating powers of 20.5 and 612.6 W, respectively. The overall efficiency of power generation and CHP is 3.0% and 92.5%, respectively. A novel heat-collector-spreader is developed and optimized through modifications of different fin distributions, thermal conductivities, and heat spreader thicknesses. Results found that a highly conductive heat-collector-spreader, which has sufficient heat spreader thickness and properly distributed fins, is required to improve the CHP performance. The study provides a portable CHP prototype based on a self-powering, self-aspirating, gas-fueled and combustion-powered TEG, and contributes to the emergency management technology by filling a research gap, that is, the lack of a highly portable CHP system for temporary shelters.

Incentive-based demand response in grid-connected microgrid using quasi-opposed grey wolf optimizer

The paradigm shifts in the electrical industry from demand-driven generation to supply-driven generation due to the incorporation of renewable generating sources is a growing research field. Implementing demand response in present-day distribution schemes is anattractive approach often adopted by microgrid (MiG) operator.This paper incorporates an incentivebased demand response (IBDR) method in a grid-connected microgrid (MiG) comprising of conventional generators (CGs), wind turbines (WTs), and solar PV units. The main aim is to collectively minimize the fossil fuel cost of CGs, lower the transaction cost of portable power from the grid, and maximize theMiG operator's profitafter implementing demand response. This multi-objective problem combining optimal economic load dispatch of MiG with an efficient demand-side response is solved using a proposed Quasi-opposed Grey Wolf Optimizer (QOGWO) algorithm. The effect of the proposed algorithm on demand-side management (DSM) is analyzed for two cases, (i) varying the value of power interruptibility (ii) varying the maximum limit of curtained power. Performance of QOGWO is compared with original GWO and a variant of GWO, Intelligent Grey Wolf Optimizer (IGWO). Results show the superior global search capability and complex constrained handling capability of QOGWO.

Local durability optimization of a large-scale direct methanol fuel cell: catalyst layer tuning for homogeneous operation and in-operando detection of localized hydrogen evolution

Lifetime limitations are still penalizing direct methanol fuel cell technology, otherwise outstandingly promising for sustainable portable power generation. Strong heterogeneous performance fading, related to uneven operating conditions, is known to be exacerbated in the upscaling process towards commercial applications, especially at local level. This work applies a localized optimization strategy, previously developed on lab-scale samples, on a commercial 180 cm2 membrane electrode assembly, analysing both current and potential distribution by means of a custom macro-segmented fuel cell provided with array of reference electrodes. Analysis based on local polarization curves and impedance spectroscopy demonstrates that water distribution, leading to local dehydration as well flooded areas, drives uneven operation and fading. Consequently, platinum loading at cathode electrode has been redistributed, sensibly improving current density heterogeneity and stability (voltage decay rate decreased from 148 to 53.8 μV h−1) over a 600 h degradation tests. Then, residual fading identified at outlet regions has been investigated by means of local electrodes potential analysis, demonstrating a highly uneven operation of both electrodes. This phenomenon is discussed as the evidence of localized hydrogen evolution, which is identified for the first time during nominal galvanostatic operation and suspected to contribute to uneven fading of components.

Impact of Combustion Variance on Sustainability of Free-Piston Linear Generator during Steady-State Generation

A free-piston linear generator (FPLG) has a number of advantages compared to a traditional crank-slider internal combustion engine, including better thermal and mechanical efficiencies, different fuel compatibility, and a higher power-to-weight ratio. For electric vehicle propulsion and generation of portable power, an FPLG is a very attractive alternative source of energy. This paper presents the development of an FPLG simulation model using MATLAB-Simulink and investigates the impact of combustion variance on its operation. Results provided insight into various characteristics of system behavior through variation of structural dimension and operational parameters. In steady-state operation with fixed electrical load and fixed ignition for combustion, it was found that consecutively low combustion pressures can easily lead to engine stoppage, pointing to the significance of control for continuous operation. Due to the absence of the moment of inertia and flywheel character of the rotating engine, a linear engine-generator is subject to ceased operation even after two consecutively low combustions under 10% variance. This will not be a fundamental problem in an ordinary crank-slider engine-generator, but in a linear engine-generator, control measure will be necessary to ensure sustained operation.

Portable Electric Tiller Machine

The portable battery charged electric power tiller machine. the conventional agriculture methods of farming, as it reduces the human effort, at a very low cost using motorized tilling mechanism. The electric power tiller helps to reduce the time and cost involved in tilling using a new portable design thereby increasing the productivity and efficiency in agriculture. The machine is use of a wheel with welded angles to provide maximum gripping on soil. The wheel design is developed, to provide a firm grip on soil strong enough to drag the cultivator forks while tilling process. The machine is driven by an electric motor which uses a sprocket chain arrangement to drive the pulling wheel.

Research on high energy density portable power supply based on metal-air battery

Because of the increasing number of personal electronic devices, there is an urgent demand for portable power supplies with high energy density. Metal-air batteries have the advantages of high energy density, high safety, good infrared concealment, no vibration and noise, low self-discharge rate. They can effectively meet the needs of users. In this paper, we studied the influence of electrode distance, single cell structure and battery module of magnesium-air battery on battery discharge performance, and designed a battery module structure to meet the requirements of high energy density. The results show that, the mass energy density of the module assembled with cells consisting of two positive electrodes and one negative electrodes cell is higher than other modules, and the discharge performance is best when the electrode distance is in the range of 2 mm to 3.5 mm.

A Numerical Investigation of The Fracture Energy of Materials for Fuel Cell End Plates

Nowadays, with increasing energy requirements, the use of clean energy resources has become important. Fuel cells are an important key for clean energy technology due to wide range of utilization areas such as automotive, portable power applications, electricity generation, space, aviation and naval technologies. Additionally, they have many significant properties such as not producing harmful gases, therefore they do not cause environmental and chemical pollution. Besides, they have not any moving parts, also they do not produce noise. By comparison to fossil fuel, fuel cells have high efficiency that reaches up to 60% in appropriate conditions. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) has many advantages than other fuel cell types due to simple structure, higher efficiency and low operating temperature. PEMFC may consist of one or more stacks to generate more electricity. End plate of PEMFC holds together all parts of it. Therefore, the material selection for end plate is important to provide safe conditions. To use PEMFC safely, investigation of material fracture energy is required to decide that the material is in safe conditions or not. There are three fracture energy modes which are mode I, mode II and mode III. There are many methods to investigate failure of material at different modes. Unlike other methods, Arcan specimen gives facility to evaluate of mode I, mode II and mixed modes. The main purpose of this paper was to compare the results of fracture energy (stain energy release rate) of different materials for end plates in fuel cells. Another goal was to select a sutitable material was selected as PEMFC end plate.

Modification of Portable Power Tiller for Small Scale Weeding Operation

Weeds are unwanted and undesirable plant that interfere with the utilization of land and water resources and adversely affect crop production. After preliminary study, it was found out that power tiller could be adopted for weeding. Therefore, the study aimed at improving its performance through modification of some major component such as: weeding blades and depth gauge. Three sets of pairs of blade gang of four, six and eight were made from 3 mm mild steel sheet metal. The fabrication was carried out at the Department of Agricultural and Bio-Resources Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The modified machine was evaluated based on weeding efficiency, field capacity, Plant Damage and Fuel consumption in the maize field during 2017/2018 irrigation season at Institute for Agricultural Research, IAR, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria research farm. Four levels of blade types ‘B’ and three levels of weeding depth ‘D’ were considered. The field was laid in a 4×3 Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) at two (2) Weeks After Sowing (2WAS). DMRT was used for mean separation ran in SAS package. The results showed effects of blade types and weeding depth were significant on the weeding performance of the machine.

Dielectric Modulated Glass Fiber Fabric‐Based Single Electrode Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Efficient Biomechanical Energy Harvesting

AbstractSingle‐electrode triboelectric nanogenerators (SE‐TENGs) are versatile tools for energy harvesting with simple structures and great practicability. However, low output performance hinders SE‐TENGs in applications as portable power sources. Herein, a novel SE‐TENG that utilizes glass fiber fabric (GFF) as tribo‐materials, along with an inorganic ferroelectric film for the dielectric layer is proposed. The GFF is first shown to be a promising tribo‐material for its highly positive tribo‐polarity and unique chemical/mechanical/durable properties. Meanwhile, an inorganic dielectric film with high dielectric constant is introduced between the GFF and Al electrode for enhancing the charge trapping capability. Owing to the synergistic effect of optimized triboelectrification and dielectric properties, the specific designed SE‐TENG delivers an open‐circuit voltage of 1640 V and a short‐circuit current density of 59.05 mA m−2, which are superior to most reported SE‐TENGs. With a maximum instantaneous power of 11.30 mW, the device can light up 1350 light‐emitting diodes, charge a 47 µF capacitor into 10 V in 421 s, and power up a digital watch even without additional control circuits. This work provides new insights in designing high‐performance SE‐TENGs and facilitates their application in biomechanical energy harvesting and portable power sources.

Higher-voltage asymmetric-electrolyte metal-air batteries

Higher-voltage asymmetric-electrolyte metal-air batteries

(Invited) Fabric Pressure Sensors for Longitudinal Monitoring of Human Motion in Natural Environments

Apparel with embedded self-powered sensors can revolutionize human behavior monitoring by leveraging everyday clothing as the sensing substrate. The key is to inconspicuously integrate sensing elements and portable power sources into garments while maintaining the weight, feel, comfort, function and ruggedness of familiar clothes and fabrics. We use reactive vapor coating to transform commonly-available, mass-produced fabrics, threads or premade garments into comfortably-wearable electronic devices by directly coating them with uniform and conformal films of electronically-active conjugated polymers. By carefully choosing the repeat unit structure of the polymer coating, we access a number of fiber- or fabric-based circuit components, including resistors, depletion-mode transistors, diodes, thermistors, and pseudocapacitors. Further, vapor-deposited electronic polymer films are notably wash- and wear-stable and withstand mechanically-demanding textile manufacturing routines, enabling us to use sewing, weaving, knitting or embroidery procedures to create self-powered garment sensors. We will describe our efforts in monitoring heartrate, breathing, joint motion/flexibility, gait and sleep posture using loose-fitting garments.

Rechargeable Lithium Metal Pouch Cell Development

Commercially available Li-ion batteries using graphite or graphite-silicon blended anodes are currently approaching a cell level specific energy of 300 Wh kg−1. The use of lithium metal instead as an anode an intriguing possibility to further increase cell level specific energies to 400 Wh kg−1 and beyond. Lithium is an ideal anode because it is the lightest metal and highly electronegative. However, attempts to commercialize cells using lithium metal anodes have been slowed by poor cycle life and safety issues. This is because nonuniform lithium plating leads to the growth of dendrites that cause loss of active lithium and can eventually lead to internal cell shorts. Safe cell cycle life must be improved to 50-100 cycles for special purpose applications like unmanned aerial vehicles, >300 cycles for portable power applications and >1000 cycles for electric vehicle applications.The performance of prototype cells developed at EaglePicher Technologies using lithium metal anode will be highlighted. The figure below on the left shows the specific discharge energy of a 2.5 Ah prototype pouch cell using a lithium anode, high nickel cathode and nonaqueous electrolyte. The cell demonstrates an extremely high specific energy of >400 Wh kg−1 at low rates. The effect of electrolyte on capacity retention is shown in the figure below on the right. The optimized electrolyte demonstrates good retention to >50 cycles. This presentation will focus on design considerations for pouch cells with lithium anodes, as well as improving the cycle life and safety characteristics of these cells. Prototype performance data including cycle life, rate capability, temperature effects and safety testing will be presented.EaglePicher Technologies would like to acknowledge the US Army DEVCOM C5ISR Center in Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland for funding this research. Figure 1

Vanadium metal-organic framework derived 2D hierarchical VO2 nanosheets grown on carbon cloth for advanced flexible energy storage devices

The design and creation of binder-free hierarchical porous structure on flexible substrate based on metal oxides derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has become as a desirable approach for developing advanced wearable and portable power sources. Herein, a novel flexible electrode was elaborately designed based on vanadium dioxide (VO2) nanosheets anchored on carbon cloth (CC) through the formation of vanadium MOF nanosheets on CC and then transformation to mesoporous VO2. The resulting binder free VO2@CC derived from V-MOF composite was directly used as a flexible electrode in energy storage application. For better understanding the role of V-MOF precursor, another novel electrode was fabricated by a simple hydrothermal growth of vanadium precursor on CC and then transformation to mesoporous VO2. The results confirmed that the type of precursor plays an important role in preparing the final VO2 nanostructures and the V-MOF precursor leads to the preparing highly mesopores VO2 with large surface area, which significantly enhanced the energy storage capability. Benefiting from the intriguing structural properties, high specific capacitance (470 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) and wide potential window (about 2 V), the VO2@CC derived from V-MOF was directly used as both positive/negative electrodes for fabrication of flexible all-solid-state symmetric supercapacitors, which provide high energy density (63.45 Wh kg−1 at 0.9 kW kg−1) and high power density (9.0 kW kg−1 at 50.4 Wh kg−1) with superior flexibility and outstanding cycling stability (about 95.% capacitance retention over 5000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1), which comparable to or higher than most of the previous reported devices based on VO2 nanostructures, indicating a great capability of our designed electrode in creating and developing next-generation high-performance supercapacitors for the future.

All-yarn triboelectric nanogenerator and supercapacitor based self-charging power cloth for wearable applications

Despite rapid developments, multifunctional wearable electronics are still not significant in practical applications as compared to portable and stretchable power devices. In this paper, we present the flexible and easy large-scale production of single-electrode mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and supercapacitor yarn-based self-charging power fabric, for simultaneously converting and storing biomechanical energy. Fabricated using traditional knitting technologies, the self-charging power fabric can adapt to complex mechanical deformations owing to its high flexibility and stretchability. Additionally, the output characteristics of the TENG fabric were systematically investigated with the purpose of energy generation. The TENG fabric can generate a maximum peak power density of ∼90 mW·m−2 using nylon as the contact material, with an operating frequency of 4 Hz. The as-prepared yarn-based supercapacitor exhibited high capacitance, good cycling stability, and flexibility, making it an appropriate wearable energy-storage device. Moreover, the proposed design uses energy harvested from biomechanical motions to sustainably power portable electronic devices. The results of this study indicate that the proposed design is a promising sustainable power source for wearable electronic devices.

SOLAR POWERED MOBILE POWER BANK SYSTEM

The objective of this research is to design a Solar Powered Portable Power Bank for mobile phone using sunlight as its ultimate power, which can be used effectively during disaster events. It has in-built solar panel which converts the solar energy to electrical energy. The charge is then transferred to a battery for storage of charge for further use, with the battery having a microcontroller indicating the percent of charge present in the battery. The battery is connected to a charging circuit having an USB port as output to the respective Mobile phones.

Desain dan Implementasi MPPT PSO pada Sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga

Indonesia is a large archipelago country with various characteristic areas. Based on a report from the Ministryof Energy and Mineral Resources, Indonesia's electrification ratio has reached 98.86%. Even though Indonesia'selectrification ratio is close to 100%, it cannot be denied that there are still many remote areas that still do not haveelectricity supply. This can be caused by areas that are difficult to reach, thus hampering the construction of theelectricity network. To meet electricity needs in remote areas and with not too many population, a Diesel Power Plant(PLTD) is usually built, but this type of plant requires fuel oil which of course also requires replenishment everycertain time after the fuel runs out. To solve the above problems, a portable solar power plant (PLTS) is proposedwhich can be easily mobilized to facilitate delivery to remote areas. PLTS portable can also be used as an emergencypower source in areas where electricity facilities have been cut off due to natural disasters. To adjust the output voltageof the solar panels, a single input multi output (SIMO) converter topology is proposed. This converter consists of aflyback converter that can increase and decrease the voltage and has isolation between the input and output sides. Inaddition, this converter also has several outputs so that it can supply two loads (battery and communication equipment)at the same time. To maximize the conversion of solar energy in this system, it is also proposed to use the MPPTcontrol with the PSO method.

Microribbon Structured Polyvinylidene Fluoride with High-Performance Piezoelectricity for Sensing Application

Rapid development in artificial intelligence has increased the demand for portable and sustainable power sources. As one of the most important self-powered sensors, piezoelectric generator (PEG) ha...

The study on a new method of preparing PMMA forming composite bipolar plate

The recent oil resource shortage has prompted the development of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system. PEMFC is a possible source of power that can be used in aircraft, household electricity, agriculture, fishing, motor vehicles, ships, submarines, bicycles, and other portable power systems in the future. This paper emphasizes the production of lightweight bipolar plates to solve several existing problems in the PEMFC system, including weight, cost, and integration. Conventional bipolar plates account for approximately 90% of the weight of battery packs. Therefore, an injection molded flow-field plate constructed from polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is developed herein to reduce the weight of the PEMFC system. Computer-aided engineering (CAE) mold flow analysis is then used to simulate the experimental design based on the finished products. Experimental analysis is also performed on the adhesion results of the plates. The results indicate that the establishment of the injection mold using CAE simulation improves mold development and reduces cost. Mechanical coarsening on the surface of the PMMA results in improved adhesion (> 50 N) at temperatures higher than 80 °C. Thus, mechanical coarsening is suitable for the PEMFC system. The problem of conventional weight is solved by reducing the weight by 70%.