Portability Problems Research Articles

Oral dosage forms for children: acceptability and palatability

Children generally reject taking medicine which does not have a favorable shape, taste, flavor, etc. However, if a child who needs to take a medicine, rejects taking it, he might never recover from his condition. When a child is unable to take medicine orally, it is intravenously administered, and he and his caregivers then may experience stress. Syrups and suspensions are considered as favorable types of dosage forms in which to orally administer medicine to infants and children. However, they may have disadvantages such as solubility, a bad taste, portability problems or required refrigerator storage. World Health Organization (WHO) currently favors that infants and children be treated with oral solid medicines. New oral solid tablets, such as a mini-tablet, instead of liquid medicines are proposed for this group, however, there are a few reports that mini-tablets are suitable for infants and children. Palatability is one of the main elements of patient acceptability of an oral pediatric medicine. Palatability is defined as the overall appreciation of an oral medicinal product in relation to its smell, taste, aftertaste and feeling in the mouth. Design of the formulation of an oral pediatric medicine should be considered together with its palatability.

Archiving and Managing Sociolinguistic Data: The Problems of Portability, Access and Security, and Discoverability and Relevance

AbstractIn recent years, sociolinguists have become increasingly focused on and more explicit about ensuring the preservation, and accessibility, of their data. This increased focus on our data has involved new lines of work explicitly on data management and, in turn, has led to important (re)considerations of the nature of sociolinguistic data and the metadata of importance for sociolinguist research. While many of the papers in this special issue focus on issues having to do with specific metadata, in this paper, I consider archiving and sharing data more generally. I attend to three specific problem areas, portability access and security, and discoverability and relevance, providing advice as well as some ‘food for thought’ discussions for each.

A strategy for raster-based geocomputation under different parallel computing platforms

The demand for parallel geocomputation based on raster data is constantly increasing with the increase of the volume of raster data for applications and the complexity of geocomputation processing. The difficulty of parallel programming and the poor portability of parallel programs between different parallel computing platforms greatly limit the development and application of parallel raster-based geocomputation algorithms. A strategy that hides the parallel details from the developer of raster-based geocomputation algorithms provides a promising way towards solving this problem. However, existing parallel raster-based libraries cannot solve the problem of the poor portability of parallel programs. This paper presents such a strategy to overcome the poor portability, along with a set of parallel raster-based geocomputation operators (PaRGO) designed and implemented under this strategy. The developed operators are compatible with three popular types of parallel computing platforms: graphics processing unit supported by compute unified device architecture, Beowulf cluster supported by message passing interface (MPI), and symmetrical multiprocessing cluster supported by MPI and open multiprocessing, which make the details of the parallel programming and the parallel hardware architecture transparent to users. By using PaRGO in a style similar to sequential program coding, geocomputation developers can quickly develop parallel raster-based geocomputation algorithms compatible with three popular parallel computing platforms. Practical applications in implementing two algorithms for digital terrain analysis show the effectiveness of PaRGO.

Research on Ontology Knowledge Based System of Meteorological and Hydrological Support

According to knowledge sharing&reusing problem and system extensibility&portability problem in meteorological and hydrological support, the knowledge concepts, attributes, instances, hierarchy and relationships were clarified; the ontological knowledge base was established by OWL ontology language and SWRL rule language. With the help of Racer, Protégé, Jess, and class positioning algorithm, class testing algorithm, rule testing algorithm, the meteorological and hydrological support prototype system was implemented by Eclipse, ProtegeInEclipse plug-in and Jena. The system includes the server, the client and the processing controller. It provides artificial intelligence techniques means for knowledge maintenance and usage in meteorological and hydrological field.

Data Portability Among Providers o Platform as a Service

Abstract Platform as a service model has certain obstacles, including data lock-in. It is expensive and time-consuming to move data to the alternative providers. This paper presents data storage options in platform as a service offers and identifies the most common data portability problems between various commercial providers of platform as a service. There are differences among their storage models, data types, remote APIs for data manipulation and query languages. Representing data models of platform as a service and data mappings by means of ontology can provide a common layer to achieve data portability among different cloud providers.

Compiler as Service over Cloud

In the today’s world everything is online so we are creating software for the today’s faster world called compiler as service over the cloud. Cloud computing refers to the logical computational resources (data, software) accessible via a computer network (through WAN or Internet etc.), rather than from a local computer. Data are stored on Server Farms generally located in the country of the service provider. The paper aims to describe an online compiler which helps to reduce the problems of portability and storage space by making use of the concept of cloud computing. The ability to use different compilers allows a programmer to pick up the fastest or the most convenient tool to compile the code and remove the errors. This project is being developed for JAVA & .NET languages. Moreover, a web-based application can be used remotely throughout any network connection and it is platform independent. The problem of several compiler installations can be eliminated. Also error/output are stored in convenient way.. Keyword:- cloud computing, compiler

Adaptive input-aware compilation for graphics engines

While graphics processing units (GPUs) provide low-cost and efficient platforms for accelerating high performance computations, the tedious process of performance tuning required to optimize applications is an obstacle to wider adoption of GPUs. In addition to the programmability challenges posed by GPU's complex memory hierarchy and parallelism model, a well-known application design problem is target portability across different GPUs. However, even for a single GPU target, changing a program's input characteristics can make an already-optimized implementation of a program perform poorly. In this work, we propose Adaptic, an adaptive input-aware compilation system to tackle this important, yet overlooked, input portability problem. Using this system, programmers develop their applications in a high-level streaming language and let Adaptic undertake the difficult task of input portable optimizations and code generation. Several input-aware optimizations are introduced to make efficient use of the memory hierarchy and customize thread composition. At runtime, a properly optimized version of the application is executed based on the actual program input. We perform a head-to-head comparison between the Adaptic generated and hand-optimized CUDA programs. The results show that Adaptic is capable of generating codes that can perform on par with their hand-optimized counterparts over certain input ranges and outperform them when the input falls out of the hand-optimized programs' "comfort zone". Furthermore, we show that input-aware results are sustainable across different GPU targets making it possible to write and optimize applications once and run them anywhere.

Portable Cloud applications—From theory to practice

The adoption of the Cloud computing concept and its market development are nowadays hindered by the problem of application, data and service portability between Clouds. Open application programming interfaces, standards and protocols, as well as their early integration in the software stack of the new technological offers, are the key elements towards a widely accepted solution and the basic requirements for the further development of Cloud applications.An approach for a new set of APIs for Cloud application development is discussed in this paper from the point of view of portability. The first available, proof-of-the-concept, prototype implementation of the proposed API is integrated in a new open-source deployable Cloudware, namely mOSAIC, designed to deal with multiple Cloud usage scenarios and providing further solutions for portability beyond the API.

FPGA Software Architecture for Software Defined Radio

For working out the problem of waveform portability on the FPGA, this paper firstly comes up with the structural of platform abstraction layer on the FPGA, and then improves the standard message format of modem hardware abstraction layer. Lastly, this paper discusses the connection model which influences the resource consumption and the working efficiency about the platform abstraction layer, and compares the many-to-one connection model with the one-to-one connection model, draws a conclusion that oneto- one connection model is more suitable. Platform abstraction layer on the FPGA totally solves the problem of waveform portability, covering great significant in cutting down the cost of software defined radio system exploitation and improving the reconfigurability of the software defined radio system.

The System of the University Experimental Physics Course-Choosing on ASP

The system provide some convenient to the teaching and administration of academics, and achieves network management in teaching course-choosing. Combining with ASP.NET language is used in client layer, SQL SERVER2000 database is used as the background database. The object oriented C# language is adopted in ASP.NET so that the problems of portability and upgrade are resolved.

Ensuring portability of software

The paper is devoted to the problem of portability of applications between different software-hardware platforms. A survey of approaches to solving this problem is given, and analysis of their advantages and disadvantages is presented. Application domains of the existing approaches are discussed.

Research of Cross Platform Embedded Database Based on the SOC Technology

At present, the existing embedded database products have high degree of specialization and dependencies of platform, not fully reflect the characteristics of embedded system. This paper provides a requirement analysis and gives a completely different from the traditional design of the database, the paper has done a lot of research in some key technologies on the design and implementation of SOC technology, this design is always used in cross platform embedded database. The SOC technology embedded in a database system in the special chip to solve problems of platform portability.

Research on Dynamic Reconfigurable Manufacturing Process Framework Based on MDA

With the characteristic analysis of manufacturing process in various manufacture enterprises, Model Driven Architecture methodology is applied to construct dynamic reconfigurable manufacturing process model, which can solve the problems of portability, information integration, and interoperability effectively. A dynamic reconfigurable modeling process framework based on model driven Architecture is introduced for manufacture enterprises in this paper. It separates the manufacturing system functionality specification from its implementation on any specific technology platform, and makes the system reconfigurate the manufacturing progress through the transformation of models and transmission of information. At last, the integrated system was applied to a discreet manufacturing process and the application result proves that the system is practical and effective.

Interactive web environment for collaborative and extensible diagram based learning

Nowadays there is a growing need of ubiquity for learning, research and development tools, due to the portability and availability problems concerning traditional desktop applications. In this paper, we suggest an approach to avoid any further download or installation. The main goal is to offer a collaborative and extensible web environment which will cover a series of domains highly demanded by different kinds of working groups, in which it is crucial to have tools which facilitate the exchange of information and the collaboration among their members. The result of those interactions would be the development of one or several diagrams accessible from any geographical location, independently of the device employed. The environment can be adapted through personalized components, depending on the type of diagram that the user wants to interact with and the users can also create new elements or search and share components with other users of the community. By means of this environment, it will be possible to do research on the usability of collaborative tools for design diagrams, as well as research on the psychology of group interactions, assessing the results coming from the employment of known methodologies, techniques, paradigms or patterns, both at an individual and at a collaborative group level.

Generating Reference Traces by Simulation for Tracking Control-logic

The controls for Reconfigurable manufacturing concept (Koren, et al., 1999) have to be capable not only of identifying exceptions on-line, but also simultaneously developing strategies for unpredictable customer orders or inaccurate estimate of processing times. Trace-driven simulators are an efficient alternative but maintaining large traces can present storage and portability problems. This paper proposes a distribution-driven trace generation methodology as an alternative to traditional trace-driven simulation. An adaptation of the Least Recently Used Stack Model is used to concisely capture the key locality features in a trace and a two-position Markov chain model is used for trace generation. Simulation and analysis of a variety of RMS application traces demonstrate the characteristics of the synthetic traces should be generally very well preserved and similar to their real trace, and we also highlight the potential performance improvement over Tracking Control-Logic.

Issues in Portability of Evidence-based Treatment for Adolescent Depression

Depression is one of the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorders among school-aged youth, with high prevalence and far-reaching consequences. However, even though there are two evidence-based practices for treating adolescent depression (Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Interpersonal Therapy), most adolescents referred for treatment are unlikely to receive either. In part, this is due to the difficulty of transporting an evidence-based practice from laboratory to real-world setting, and determining how to transport an empirically validated treatment has thus become a focus of concern for social work researchers and practitioners. A host of client, clinician, setting, and treatment delivery variables can influence portability. Taking all these factors into consideration is a daunting task—but less daunting if done at the onset, during the initial process of efficacy research, rather than afterward as a separate stage. The thesis of this paper is that the only solution to the problem of portability is a combined, rather than sequential, approach to treatment development in which effectiveness and application concerns are included in the original research design. A review of suggested approaches, as well as discussion of factors that contribute to variance in outcome, is followed by recommendations for future research.

JDGC

Purpose – To utilize the idle computational resources in a network to collectively solve middle to large problems, this paper aims to propose an integrated distributed computing platform, Java distributed code generating and computing (JDGC). Design/methodology/approach – The proposed JDGC is fully decentralized in that every participating host is identical in function. It allows standard, single machine‐oriented Java programs to be transparently executed in a distributed system. The code generator reduces the communication overhead between runtime objects based on a detailed analysis of the communication affinities between them. Findings – The experimental results show that JDGC can efficiently reduce the execution time of applications by utilizing the networked computational resources. Originality/value – JDGC releases the developers from any special programming considerations for distributed environment, and solves the portability problem of using system‐specific programming methods.

Internationalization of Compilers

Internationalization of compilers and localization of programming languages is not a usual phenomenon yet; however, due to a rapid progress of software and programming technologies it is inevitable. The new versions of wide used programming systems already allow using the identifiers written in the native language, and partially supports Unicode standard, but still have many internationalization deficiencies. The paper analyses the main elements of internationalization of compilers and their localization possibilities. According to contemporary standards, existing practices of software internationalization and tendencies there are given recommendations how compilers should be internationalized. The paper gives arguments of the importance of localization of lexical elements of the programming languages, and presents solutions that enable to solve the problems of portability of programs developed using localized compiler as well as problems of compiler's compatibility with other compilers.

Decreasing Computational Time of Urban Cellular Automata Through Model Portability

This paper investigates how portability of a model between different computer operating systems can lead to increased efficiency in code execution. The portability problem is not a trivial one, as many geographic models are designed to be run inside a set environment (Unix, Solaris, Linux, and Windows), and are further limited by hardware constraints. The SLEUTH urban growth model [K.C Clarke, S. Hoppen, and L. Gaydos. "A self-modifying cellular automaton model of historical urbanization in the San Francisco Bay area", Environment and Planning B, 24:247---261, 1997.] was implemented under three different operating systems (Solaris, Linux, and Windows). Results suggest that the model's performance is optimized by porting it from its original environment (Unix/Solaris) to Linux or Windows where faster processors are available. While the results show optimization of model performance, there are some suggestions of computational bottlenecks that may eventually limit the increased performance of the model. Regardless, the research demonstrates that the portability of a model can lead to not only to a decrease in computation time, but may increase the viability in practical applications and attract a wider user base.

A Nest of Pythons

Open-source software has an important feature not found in commercial software. No, not that it works correctly (although that's certainly more likely), or that you can get your bugs fixed and not pay for the privilege. I'm referring to the fact that open-source software sometimes spawns variants. that it's easy to extend with modules written in C, C++, or Fortran. Just being able to program in Python is powerful, but the real payoff is in its extension to other compiled assets. This article will introduce several Python variants and examine a powerful new addition to Python itself. However, the products I describe here also have some limitations. Until we standardize windowing systems, compiler controls, languages, and build tools even further, portability problems will exist. These variants aren't always interoperable--they try to remain compatible for the most part, but, inevitably, they can't be.