Port Sudan Research Articles

Risk Factors, Associations, and Outcomes of Reduced Fetal Movements: A Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study at Port Sudan Maternity Hospital

Risk Factors, Associations, and Outcomes of Reduced Fetal Movements: A Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study at Port Sudan Maternity Hospital

Port Sudan as a Strategic Hub in Maritime Shipping Markets and Transit Trade

Port Sudan as a Strategic Hub in Maritime Shipping Markets and Transit Trade

Selecting Suitable Sites for Rainwater Harvesting using GIS & RS Technology in Port Sudan City, Sudan Through Hydrological Modeling

Selecting Suitable Sites for Rainwater Harvesting using GIS & RS Technology in Port Sudan City, Sudan Through Hydrological Modeling

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Tuberculosis among Smear Positive Contact Individuals in Port Sudan

Background: Tuberculosis is a necrotizing granulomatous multisystem infectious disease that caused by mycobacterium, mainly mycobacterium tuberculosis, It is a serious global health problem that represent the commonest infectious cause of death. Many risk factors contribute in spread of tuberculosis, these factors include environmental factors, host factors and factors related to organism. Contact with smear positive patients is a major risk factors as every infectious patient can transmit the organism to ten to fifteen persons; therefore, contact tracing being an important element in DOTS (Direct Observed Therapy Strategy), because early detection and early management of cases prevent complication and improve the outcome. Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence and assess risk factors of tuberculosis among TB smear positive contact whose registered in Port Sudan chest hospital TBMU center during third and fourth quarters; June to December 2023. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross sectional community base study, Port Sudan, eastern Sudan, from June 2023 to December 2023. Result: The study shows that prevalence of tuberculosis among smear positive contact individual is 4.6%s. And it shows other associated risk factors has a role in spread of the disease. Conclusion: The prevalence of tuberculosis among smear positive contact individuals in Port Sudan is low comparing to literature and other studies due to strong tuberculosis program and stigma also play a role in this reduction. Tuberculosis spread more among female and elder contact as the spend more time in the home. And immunosuppression, poor ventilation and crowded household play an essential role in spread of tuberculosis.

Oral and Maxillofacial Manifestations of Tuberculosis Presented to Primary Health Care Centres in Port Sudan, Sudan

Tuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in humans. Robert Koch, a German physician, discovered the Tuberculosis bacillus in 1882 [1]. It has been a worldwide major health problem for centuries. Although the disease’s prevalence reduced decades ago, it still has extremely high prevalence in Asian and African countries. It may take any form clinically, but with decline in number, these tuberculosis lesions of oral cavity have become so rare that they are frequently overlooked in the differential diagnosis of oral lesions. Although, oral manifestations of tuberculosis has a rare occurrence, but it has been considered to account for 0.1-5% of all TB infections.

Impact of War on the Drug Supply for Cancer Patients in Sudan

This review investigates the ramifications of conflict on chemotherapy drug accessibility for cancer patients in Sudan. For this review article, the data was collected from file records Port Sudan Oncology Center, Port Sudan, Sudan. Through a comprehensive analysis of drug supply frequencies during distinct conflict periods, the study reveals fluctuating availability and challenges in sustaining the supply chain. Grouping chemotherapy drugs according to their availability patterns elucidates the varying degrees of accessibility during conflict, ranging from consistent supplies to complete absence. The impact of these shortages on cancer patients is profound, resulting in compromised treatment outcomes, increased morbidity and mortality rates, and substantial socioeconomic burdens. Real-life patient accounts underscore the emotional, physical, and financial toll imposed by interrupted access to vital medications. Despite efforts by healthcare institutions, NGOs, and governmental bodies, persistent challenges hinder effective mitigation strategies during conflict, including logistical constraints, inadequate funding, and political instability. The socioeconomic and psychological implications of drug shortages are significant, pushing patients deeper into poverty and exacerbating psychological distress. Addressing these challenges necessitates sustained efforts to fortify drug supply chains, enhance infrastructure, and foster multi-stakeholder cooperation. The study emphasises the critical need for sustained interventions to ensure continuous access to chemotherapy drugs in Sudan and conflict zones globally. Immediate actions are imperative to alleviate the burdens faced by cancer patients and fortify healthcare systems to withstand the challenges of conflict-induced drug scarcity.

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Tuberculosis among Smear positive Contact Individuals in Port Sudan

Background: Tuberculosis is a necrotizing granulomatous multisystem infectious disease that caused by mycobacterium, mainly mycobacterium tuberculosis, It is a serious global health problem that represent the commonest infectious cause of death. Many risk factors contribute in spread of tuberculosis, these factors include environmental factors, host factors and factors related to organism. Contact with smear positive patients is a major risk factors as every infectious patient can transmit the organism to ten to fifteen persons; therefore, contact tracing being an important element in DOTS (Direct Observed Therapy Strategy), because early detection and early management of cases prevent complication and improve the outcome. Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence and assess risk factors of tuberculosis among TB smear positive contact whose registered in Port Sudan chest hospital TBMU center during third and fourth quarters; June to December 2023. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross sectional community base study, Port Sudan, eastern Sudan, from June 2023 to December 2023. Result: The study shows that prevalence of tuberculosis among smear positive contact individual is 4.6%s. And it shows other associated risk factors has a role in spread of the disease. Conclusion: The prevalence of tuberculosis among smear positive contact individuals in Port Sudan is low comparing to literature and other studies due to strong tuberculosis program and stigma also play a role in this reduction. Tuberculosis spread more among female and elder contact as the spend more time in the home. And immunosuppression, poor ventilation and crowded household play an essential role in spread of tuberculosis.

Determinants of Undernutrition among Children Admitted to a Pediatric Hospital in Port Sudan, Sudan.

Severe acute undernutrition (SAU) is still a crucial global health issue in the 0-59 months population, increasing the risk of mortality as well as of long-term consequences. In Sudan, 3.3 million children suffered from acute malnutrition between 2018 and 2019. This study was planned to evaluate, in the area of Port Sudan, the prevalence of acute undernutrition after the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the most important factors favoring the development of acute undernutrition. The available clinical records of all the under-five children (n = 1012) admitted to the Port Sudan Emergency Pediatric Hospital from 1 February 2021 to 31 January 2022 were analyzed. The presence of wasting and kwashiorkor was assessed and children were categorized according to age, gender, place of residence, main reason for hospitalization, and underlying comorbidities. Acute undernutrition was evidenced in 493 (48.7%) children. Of them, only 16 (3.2%) were diagnosed with kwashiorkor. Children with SAU had a higher prevalence of acute gastroenteritis (p < 0.05) and parasitosis (p < 0.05). Infants aged 0-6 months were those with the lowest risk of undernutrition, whereas those aged 7-12 months were those with the greater risk. In these patients, multivariate analysis revealed that SAU and MAU were 2.5 times (OR 2.51; 95% CI, 1.79-3.55) and 5.5 times (OR 5.56; 95% CI, 2.59-18.7) higher. This study shows that the area of Port Sudan is still suffering from an alarming prevalence of severe wasting and the risk of developing acute undernutrition seems strictly related to the introduction of complementary feeding and tends to reduce with increasing age. Measures already in place to prevent acute malnutrition should be reinforced with improvement of mother education on child feeding.

Frequency and Diagnostic Criteria of Tuberculous Ascites in Port Sudan

Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious caseating granulomatous disease that cause by mycobacterium mainly mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis, it is a systemic disease that effect any body organ, but mainly affect the lung.

Population genetic structure of Aedes aegypti subspecies in selected geographical locations in Sudan

Although knowledge of the composition and genetic diversity of disease vectors is important for their management, this is limiting in many instances. In this study, the population structure and phylogenetic relationship of the two Aedes aegypti subspecies namely Aedes aegypti aegypti (Aaa) and Aedes aegypti formosus (Aaf) in eight geographical areas in Sudan were analyzed using seven microsatellite markers. Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) for the two subspecies revealed that Aaa deviated from HWE among the seven microsatellite loci, while Aaf exhibited departure in five loci and no departure in two loci (A10 and M201). The Factorial Correspondence Analysis (FCA) plots revealed that the Aaa populations from Port Sudan, Tokar, and Kassala clustered together (which is consistent with the unrooted phylogenetic tree), Aaf from Fasher and Nyala populations clustered together, and Gezira, Kadugli, and Junaynah populations also clustered together. The Bayesian cluster analysis structured the populations into two groups suggesting two genetically distinct groups (subspecies). Isolation by distance test revealed a moderate to strong significant correlation between geographical distance and genetic variations (p = 0.003, r = 0.391). The migration network created using divMigrate demonstrated that migration and gene exchange between subspecies populations appear to occur based on their geographical proximity. The genetic structure of the Ae. aegypti subspecies population and the gene flow among them, which may be interpreted as the mosquito vector's capacity for dispersal, were revealed in this study. These findings will help in the improvement of dengue epidemiology research including information on the identity of the target vector/subspecies and the arboviruses vector surveillance program.

Tima

Tima (ISO 639-3: tms) is a Niger-Congo language spoken by roughly 7,000 people in the Nuba mountains of Sudan, in north-eastern Africa, as well as in smaller communities in the bigger towns of Sudan such as Khartoum and Port Sudan. It is part of the Katla language group which includes the languages Katla and Julut as well as Tima, with Tima being the most distinct of the three. All three languages are regarded as endangered, mainly due to the spreading influence of Arabic in recent decades, but also due to greater speaker mobility. Broadly speaking, there is a decline in speaker fluency from older to younger speakers of Tima. The Tima people are not only exposed to Arabic as the lingua franca and official language of Sudan, but also to English and Kiswahili. These latter languages were introduced into the school system during the extremely difficult circumstances of the second civil war (1983–2005), when teachers from Kenya came to the Tima region (in addition, many Tima people went to Kenya for further education).1

Organoleptic evaluation of wet-salted marine fishes Mugil cephalus, Chanos chanos and Gerres oyena from Port Sudan coast

Organoleptic evaluation of wet-salted marine fishes Mugil cephalus, Chanos chanos and Gerres oyena from Port Sudan coast

Electrocardiograph (ECG) Findings on Rheumatic Heart Disease Patient in Port Sudan

Electrocardiograph (ECG) Findings on Rheumatic Heart Disease Patient in Port Sudan

Impact of storage on the chemical composition of wet salted Mugil cephalus, Chonas chonas and Gerres oyena (Pisces) from Port Sudan. Red Sea coast

Impact of storage on the chemical composition of wet salted Mugil cephalus, Chonas chonas and Gerres oyena (Pisces) from Port Sudan. Red Sea coast

Developmental Anomaly and Deformity in Fungia fungites (Anthozoa: Scleractinia: Fungidae) from Suakin and Port Sudan, Red Sea, Sudan

Developmental Anomaly and Deformity in Fungia fungites (Anthozoa: Scleractinia: Fungidae) from Suakin and Port Sudan, Red Sea, Sudan

Boma Trials on the Use of the Gregarious-Adult Pheromone Phenylacetonitrile of the Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål, 1775) and Metarhiziumacridum in the Management of Nymphs

The trials were conducted within plastic Bomas (10 x10meters each) in a farm at Sallom (19 38 55 N X 37 15 37 E) 45 kilometersSouth West of Port Sudan, Sudan. Approximately 1000 fourth instarnymphs of the Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål, 1775) wereused per replica in each test. Each test was replicated three times. Thetreatments included different dosages of Metarhizium acridum alone orincorporated with the Desert Locust gregarious adult pheromonePhenylacetonitrile (PAN). The results indicated that the cumulativemortality rate in day 15 at the end of the tests was 0.994±0.010 withMetarhizium 50 g/ ha. (recommended dose). The rates were 0.991±0.001and0.967±0.003 with fractional doses of Metarhizium, 25g/ha +PAN and12g/ha + PAN respectively. When PAN was used alone, the cumulativemortality at day 15 was 0.739 ± 0.017. The same trend in the mortalityrate was also evident when the control efficiency was examined. Theefficiency in day 15 was 99.32 ± 0.001 with Metarhizium 50 g/ ha.(recommended dose). The rates were 98.75 ±0.056, 96.33±0.30 and72.78±0.45 with fractional doses of Metarhizium 25g/ha +PAN, 12g/ha+PAN and 6g/ ha +PAN respectively. Control efficiency was 71.82±1.82and 3.70±1.86 with PAN alone and Diesel respectively. Examination of

Echocardiographic Changes in Rheumatic Heart Disease Patient in Port Sudan

Echocardiographic Changes in Rheumatic Heart Disease Patient in Port Sudan

Detection of dengue virus serotype 4 in Sudan.

Dengue virus infection is spreading globally and most parts of Sudan have witnessed repeated dengue outbreaks, with the detection of DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3 serotypes. In this report we describe the dengue fever outbreaks that occurred in eastern Sudan (Kassala and Port Sudan cities) from August to November 2019. We enrolled 79 (29.8%) suspected cases from Kassala and 186 (70.2%) from Port Sudan who presented with fever. The participants were medically examined and their clinical signs recorded. Blood samples were collected for complete blood count, detection of anti-dengue virus IgM, detection of NS1 dengue antigen and identification of the virus serotype using RT-PCR. The main clinical presentations were fever, abdominal pain, joint pain and vomiting, and thrombocytopenia was the main laboratory finding. One hundred and twenty-five blood samples tested positive for the anti-dengue IgM antibody, and 145 were positive for the NS1 antigen. Using RT-PCR, we identified 35 (24%) infections with DENV-2, 100 (69%) with DENV-3 and 10 (7%) with DENV-4 serotypes. We identified multiple serotypes - DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 - as the causes of the outbreak. The presence of DENV-4 serotype was documented for the first time in Sudan.

Market Integration Analysis of Tomato Markets in Sudan

Tomato is a leading crop in the world and in Sudan that is characterized by seasonality and perishability, which causes instability in market supplies and prices in the world, including Khartoum State and other markets of Sudan. This study aimed to estimate market integration in Khartoum State, Sudan. The study depended mainly on secondary data obtained from relevant sources. The study used descriptive analysis, Box-Jenkins Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA), and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) time series analysis. The results of the time series analysis indicated that the prices of tomatoes were stable and variable throughout the year, reflecting a seasonal pattern. The results of the co-integration analysis indicated the strong integration among the different tomato markets in Sudan, with Khartoum and Port Sudan having 85% and Khartoum and Zalingei markets having a 67% level of co-integration. The study concluded that despite the poorly organized marketing system, the tomato market channel is well-integrated as prices tend to move up and down together in all markets of Sudan. The study recommended the encouragement of production and marketing cooperatives for farmers and traders under the close supervision and management of concerned institutions, ministries, and national and commercial banks and the introduction of adequate and appropriate transportation vehicles and packaging material for tomatoes.

Chemical Composition of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Sphyraena barracuda&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; with Different Area, Size and Season, in Sudanese Red Sea Coast

This study aims to determine the effect of area, size and season on chemical composition of Sphyraena barracuda from Sudanese Red Sea Coast. A total of 180 fish samples were collected from Port Sudan and Sawakin fishing sites during the winter and summer of 2020-2021. The fishes sample ranged between (30 - 50) cm in total length and (250 - 1000) gm in body weight of small size, and ranged between (60 - 90) cm in total length and (1250 - 250) gm in body weight for large size. Fish flesh was subject to gross chemical analysis. Moisture, protein, fat, ash, acidity and pH were determined. The results indicated a significant effect by area, season and size. The different areas had a significant effect on crude protein and ash; higher parameter value is found in Sawakin. Higher chemical parameters were showed in winter than in summer. Also, size had a significant effect in all parameters (except moisture), fat and ash were high in large size. The study has concluded that the large size fishes of S. barracuda with high nutritional value when caught in winter from the southern region of Sawakin.