Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Tuberculosis among Smear Positive Contact Individuals in Port Sudan

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis is a necrotizing granulomatous multisystem infectious disease that caused by mycobacterium, mainly mycobacterium tuberculosis, It is a serious global health problem that represent the commonest infectious cause of death. Many risk factors contribute in spread of tuberculosis, these factors include environmental factors, host factors and factors related to organism. Contact with smear positive patients is a major risk factors as every infectious patient can transmit the organism to ten to fifteen persons; therefore, contact tracing being an important element in DOTS (Direct Observed Therapy Strategy), because early detection and early management of cases prevent complication and improve the outcome. Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence and assess risk factors of tuberculosis among TB smear positive contact whose registered in Port Sudan chest hospital TBMU center during third and fourth quarters; June to December 2023. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross sectional community base study, Port Sudan, eastern Sudan, from June 2023 to December 2023. Result: The study shows that prevalence of tuberculosis among smear positive contact individual is 4.6%s. And it shows other associated risk factors has a role in spread of the disease. Conclusion: The prevalence of tuberculosis among smear positive contact individuals in Port Sudan is low comparing to literature and other studies due to strong tuberculosis program and stigma also play a role in this reduction. Tuberculosis spread more among female and elder contact as the spend more time in the home. And immunosuppression, poor ventilation and crowded household play an essential role in spread of tuberculosis.