Port Services Research Articles

Analysis of the Application of Value Added Tax on Port Services based on Law Number 7 of 2021 at PT Kaltim Kariangau Terminal, East Kalimantan

Value Added Tax (VAT) is a tax levy imposed on sales and purchase transactions of taxable goods or services carried out by Individual Taxpayers and Corporate Taxpayers who have been confirmed as Taxable Entrepreneurs (PKP). This research aims to find out that the implementation of Value Added Tax in companies is in accordance with Law Number 7 of 2021. The research method used in this research is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach and data is obtained through interviews and documentation. The research results show that the implementation of Value Added Tax at PT Kaltim Kariangau Terminal is in accordance with Law Number 7 of 2021. .

Decreasing Demurrage Time by Increasing Port Service Level and Utilities Considering Crane Formation Using Discrete Simulation

Maritime logistics has a great influence on large-scale economic development. Maritime logistics has the largest logistics flow in Indonesia. Economic development can be seen by how much logistics flow in an area. The distribution of logistics using sea transportation must be controlled effectively and efficiently so that the flow of material does not stop or be disrupted. Teluk Lamong Terminal is the only green smart terminal in Surabaya, so there are many requests for ships to lean on the pier. The method of this research is to conduct a survey and collect information about the main activities of loading and unloading ships docking at the pier, the number of cranes used, the current crane formation (before improvement) and problems in the operation of containers. After that, create a simulation model that will be developed using Simulation Software that has inputted entities, activities, and model resources according to their actual activities. Scenario results improvements 1 to 4, the selection of crane formations in serving container ship loading and unloading is the most effective in scenario 3, namely by setting 3 cranes to serve 1 berthing ship and 2 cranes to serve 1 berthing ship. In scenario 3 with the simulation results obtained that the ship’s effective time at the dock was 9.19 hours and the demurrage time for container loading and unloading was 13.79 hours. Furthermore, crane utilization value is in scenario 3 with the results obtained from the simulation of 18.21%.

The Study of Maritime Fraud and Its Effect on Competitiveness of Nigerian Seaport (A Study of Apapa Seaport)

Ports play a key role in the Nigeria economy and development, as nearly 75% of the trade between the Nigeria and the rest of the world is handled in ports. Thus, the importance of ensuring efficiency in ports is related to the ability of the country to be competitive at international level. Unfortunately, corruption and extortion by the shipping agencies, terminal operators and government officials has continued to frustrate importers leading to price hike of commodities. This study is on maritime fraud and its effect on competitiveness of Nigerian seaport. The researchers adopted a sample size of 343 which was drawn from a population sample of 2,417. The questionnaire collected from the respondents was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results indicated that government agency’s dishonesty affects the efficiency of customs procedures, also that fraudulent misrepresentation impacts on port service quality, cargo theft and clearing delays impact on ports service quality and the competitiveness of Nigeria seaports. The following recommendations were made; proactive disciplinary measure should be taken against dishonest government agency officials; custom procedures should be simplified through automation to ensure efficiency and that cargo tracking and monitoring instruments should be adopted to reduce cargo theft in Apapa seaports.

Integrated service policy in the Surabaya main port area to achieve marine defense empowerment

Harbor Order is everything that is related to the implementation of port functions to support the smooth, safe, and orderly flow of ship, passenger, and ship traffic. or goods, shipping safety and security, intra- and/or inter-modal movement, and encouraging the national and regional economy while still paying attention to regional spatial planning. Ports also carry out activities to provide port services, especially loading and unloading of goods and containers with appropriate increased volumes. This research aims to find an integrated service policy in the port area to achieve maritime defense empowerment. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative, with research analysis on policy implementation consisting of Content of Policy and Context of Implementation. Researchers also use the theory of Public Policy Implementation to establish a communication model for implementation analysis, with a very strong emphasis on what influences acceptance or rejection across layers of government. Data collection techniques using observation and interviews, and data analysis techniques using qualitative descriptive analysis follow four stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions and verification. The results of this research are facts that: · The performance process for loading and unloading activities at the Port of Surabaya is to support the empowerment of maritime defense areas has gone quite well, · Performance results Loading and unloading activities at the Port of Surabaya to support the empowerment of maritime defense areas have been carried out well and can accommodate all port stakeholders. · The most appropriate policy model to support the implementation of integrated port services is to implement. The Integrated Port Policy for Service Excellent (IPPSE) or High Technology Based Port Area Synergy Regulations and improve the Security and Comfort of Superior Services at Ports to support the empowerment of Indonesia's maritime defense areas.

Comprehensive cyber security for port and harbor ecosystems

Global maritime transportation and logistics systems are essential parts of critical infrastructures in every society, and a crucial part of maritime logistics processes are seaports. In the coming years, digitalization and increased levels of autonomy in logistic transport chains are expected to take leaps forward. This development can help create safer, more efficient, more sustainable, and more reliable service chains to meet the requirements for a better quality of life and global prosperity. Port and harbor operations connect the maritime transport to other modes of transportation and enable multimodal transportation. Smart ports play a central role in future transport logistics and supply chains. Digitalization helps improve the efficiency of terminal systems in the processes of these ports. In the best cases, digitalization can also promote the reduction of emissions by optimizing port operations and enhancing cargo and people flows while improving the experience for all stakeholders. The improvement of port processes relies on the development of information and communication technology (ICT) as well as on industrial control systems (ICS) and operation technologies (OT). At the same time, the cyber security of maritime logistics also needs to be addressed. This article presents our findings related to the Sea4Value research goal on cyber security, which is a comprehensive cyber security architecture for port services at the system level. The article emphasizes the importance of a system of systems approach in terms of a comprehensive cyber security management process for port ecosystems. The description and recognition of management steps of every stakeholder are the key elements in this kind of process.

Analysis of the Application of Value Added Tax on Port Services based on Undang - Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2021 at PT Kaltim Kariangau Terminal, East Kalimantan

Value Added Tax (VAT) is a tax levy imposed on sales and purchase transactions of taxable goods or services carried out by Individual Taxpayers and Corporate Taxpayers who have been confirmed as Taxable Entrepreneurs (PKP). This research aims to find out that the implementation of Value Added Tax in companies is in accordance with Undang-undang No 7 Tahun 2021. The research method used in this research is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach and data is obtained through interviews and documentation. The research results show that the implementation of Value Added Tax at PT Kaltim Kariangau Terminal is in accordance with Undang – Undang No. 7 Tahun 2021.

A Real-Time Shipping Container Accident Inference System Monitoring the Alignment State of Shipping Containers in Edge Environments

Along with the recent development of artificial intelligence technology, convergence services that apply technology are undergoing active development in various industrial fields. In particular, artificial intelligence-based object recognition technologies are being widely applied to the development of intelligent analysis services based on image data and streaming video data. As such, in the port yard, these object recognition technologies are being used to develop port safety services in smart ports. Accidents are a frequent occurrence in port yards due to misaligned loading of ship containers. In order to prevent such accidents, various studies using artificial intelligence technology are underway. In this paper, we propose a real-time shipping container accident inference edge system that can analyze the ship container’s loading status from a safety point of view to prevent accidents in advance. The proposed system includes the collection of video data of the ship container, inferring the safety level of the alignment status of the ship container, and transmitting the inference results for the safety level. In this paper, the proposed inference model is implemented with YOLOv3, YOLOv4 and YOLOv7 networks and can be used in video monitoring to realize the accurate classification and positioning of three different safety levels (safe, caution, and danger) in real time. In the performance evaluation, the detection accuracy of the inference model implemented with the YOLOv4 network was greater than 0.95. Its performance was also significantly better than that of the inference model implemented with the YOLOv3 and YOLOv7 networks. Although it was slightly inferior to the YOLOv4 network in terms of the accuracy, the inference model implemented with the YOLOv3 network had a faster inference speed than the model implemented with the YOLOv4 and YOLOv7 networks. Because of the port safety scenario, in which the inference accuracy is more important than the inference speed, we applied the YOLOv4 algorithm to the inference model of the system.

A Confirmation of Elemental Factor Toward Perceived Port Quality

There is currently a lack of up-to-date knowledge on the fundamental variables as elemental factors that influence perceived cruise-port quality. This research aims to examine the confirmatory components of those factors in reflective and formative terms in order to develop a set of perceived port quality (PPQ) variables. The study adopts a quantitative research methodology, collecting data via a questionnaire survey. The research sample consisted of 305 respondents, while the collected data were analyzed using GSCA Pro software version 1.1.6. The research findings reaffirm the elemental factors of perceived port quality (PPQ), constructed from the following five significant categories as first-order constructs, namely cruise terminal facilities, port service encounter performance, port location, ground port transportation, and physical port environment quality. These were assessed through the 36 observed variables in this study, which included significant reflective and formative constructs. Executives, cruise tourism managers, and ports, will be able to use the results of the study as guidelines for designing policies and strategies to develop cruise tourism in the port area. Meanwhile, academics may employ these sets of variables to examine in combination with other factors in future research.

Central Venous Access Devices for the Delivery of Systemic Anticancer Therapy: An Economic Evaluation

ObjectivesPatients undergoing long-term anticancer therapy typically require one of 3 venous access devices: Hickman-type device (HICK), peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC), or implantable chest wall port (PORT). Recent evidence has shown PORT is safer and improves patient satisfaction. However, PORT did not show improvement in quality-adjusted life-years and was more expensive. Decisions regarding cost-effectiveness in the United Kingdom are typically informed by a cost-per-quality-adjusted life-year metric. However, this approach is limited in its ability to capture the full range of relevant outcomes, especially in the context of medical devices. This study assessed the potential cost-effectiveness of HICK, PICC, and PORT in routine clinical practice. MethodsThis is a cost-consequence analysis to determine the trade-offs between the following outcomes: complication, infection, noninfection, chemotherapy interruption, unplanned device removals, health utilities, device insertion cost, follow-up cost, and total cost, using data from the Cancer and Venous Access clinical trial. We conducted value of implementation analysis of a PORT service. ResultsPORT was superior in terms of overall complication rate compared with both HICK (incidence rate ratio 0.422; 95% CI 0.286-0.622) and PICC (incidence rate ratio 0.295; 95% CI 0.189-0.458) and less likely to lead to an unplanned device removal. There was no difference in chemotherapy interruption or health utilities. Total cost with device in situ was lower on PORT than HICK (−£98.86; 95% CI −189.20 to −8.53) and comparable with PICC −£48.57 (95% CI −164.99 to 67.86). Value of implementation analysis found that PORT was likely to be considered cost-effective within the National Health Service. ConclusionDecision makers should consider including PORT within the suite of venous access devices available within in the National Health Service.

Actual approaches of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia to bring subjects of natural monopolies providing services in ports or airports to administrative liability for violation of the rules of non-discriminatory access

The practice of application of the FAS Russia Rules for ensuring access to the services of subjects of natural monopolies at airports and the Rules for non-discriminatory access to the services of subjects of natural monopolies in ports has been studied. The practice of bringing subjects of natural monopolies to administrative responsibility for violation of these rules is analyzed. The article highlights the current legal approaches of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia on the issue of qualifying violations of these rules by subjects of natural monopolies.

MENGULAS POTENSI, EFEKTIFITAS DAN PROYEKSI RETRIBUSI PARIWISATA GILI TRAMENA PASCA COVID 19

Recreational area fees and port service fees are an important source of PAD for the North Lombok District. It relies on the tourism sector as the main sector for regional revenue sources to carry out development acceleration so that it can get out of the only underdeveloped area in West Nusa Tenggara province. The study aims to analyze the potential and effectiveness and make projections of the fees for recreation areas and port services in Gili Tramena, North Lombok District. The findings showed that recreational area fees and port service fees from 2017 to 2021 tended to decrease and did not reach the target. It was due to the low process of extending and intensifying fees and external factors, namely the earthquake in 2018 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Based on calculations and data analysis, the total potential levy for recreational areas in 1 (one) year is IDR 7,607,653,250,00. With details of IDR 6,990,816,500.00 for foreign tourists and IDR 616,836,750.00 for domestic tourists. Meanwhile, the potential for the next 5 years is IDR 2,380,712,571.43 in 2022, IDR 2,576,320,095.24 in 2023, IDR 3,280,711,380.95 in 2024, IDR 3,985,102,666.67 in 2025, and IDR 4,689,493,952.38 in 2026. This potential can be reached, of course, with the political will of the local government to increasing PAD.

A longitudinal study of seaport selection: the perspective of container shipping companies

PurposeCompetition among seaports is rapidly increasing due to various factors such as the global recession, resurgence of COVID-19, tight environmental regulations of IMO, sharp rise in ocean freight charges, increasing global uncertainties and growth in ship sizes. It is essential to have precise knowledge of shipping companies' port selection factors to secure the competitive advantage of seaports. This study aims to empirically analyze recent changes in the importance of port selection factors.Design/methodology/approachBy employing a longitudinal study, this study conducted the t-test analysis. The first survey was conducted from January 2005 to April 2005. Then, the second survey was conducted in May 2021.FindingsFirst, the importance of port facilities (berth length and the number of berths, shed and terminal areas, possession of adequate equipment and maximum berth size) increased significantly. Second, while ship and cargo safety were the critical port service factors in previous studies, speed, flexibility and reliability for handling cargo and berthing schedule were found to be crucial in this study. Third, the importance of ship arrival/departure frequency, route diversity and ship arrival/departure information systems increased when shipping companies selected the port.Originality/valueThis study has academic significance in that it reveals the changing importance of port selection factors in the 2020s and has taken the form of a longitudinal study on the importance of port selection factors from 2005 to 2021, moving beyond the cross-sectional approach. This study can provide valuable insights into and implications for port policymakers and managers when developing and formulating port policies and strategies.

Appraising the impact of COVID-19 on trading volume of selected vessel types in sub-Saharan Africa

The emergence and diffusion of coronavirus (COVID-19) have brought a lot of impacts on various spheres of human endeavours including maritime trading. This paper explores the effect of the lockdown on maritime port calls for selected vessels in the sub-Saharan African (SSA) regions (East, Middle, South, and West Africa). The study utilizes port calls data of the maritime profile of the global economies obtained from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Statistics between 2018 and 2021. Data include port calls for liquid bulk carrier, liquefied petroleum gas, dry bulk carrier, dry break bulk carrier, roll-on-roll-off, and container carrier. The analysis of data involves the use of exploratory technique to reveal dimensions of performance by various carriers across the regions. The results picture the kind of response of port calls in all the regions akin to the response from other regions of the world. However, the study observes that though responses to COVID-19 lockdown across the globe were similar, SSA regions were slow in recovering from the decline in port calls when compared to the developed and some rapidly developing economies of the world due to the region’s lack of economic resilience. Thus, since ports have been identified as vulnerable to economic, social, institutional, and environmental shocks, and to dynamic and highly unpredictable demand for port services, policymakers of various nationals in the SSA may need to examine the patterns of performance of vessels in the regions to manage trade flows more effectively as a way of responding to future dynamics in maritime trade in the region.

ADAPTATION ASSESMENT OF PORT INFRASTRUCTURES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE FOR COMPOUND IMPACTS

Extreme events, enhanced by Climate Change may cause several damages on coastal critical infrastructures, whereas port services are even more sensible to climatic stressors than those physical assets (UNECE, 2013). Therefore, consideration of Climate Change (CC) induced variability is necessary within adaptation assessment frameworks (IPCC, 2014) that evaluate the performance of both port services and assets under the affection of diverse climatic drivers. Port infrastructure adaptation measures are assessed, focusing on critical CC-induced impacts reduction, following a probabilistic approach.

Maritime security or economic growth: The choice of stakeholders in coastal tourism development in Binh Dai district, Ben Tre province, Vietnam

Coastal tourism emerges as a diverse, dynamic, fast-growing, and economically attractive form of contemporary tourism that encompasses a range of tourism, leisure- and recreational-oriented facilities and activities. As the coastline resembles a composite of ecological, social cultural, and economic values, it is of considerable interest to people, processes, and industries. Vietnam possesses the strategic advantage of a vast coastline spanning the entire length of the country, coupled with its location within the language zone of the East Sea, a crucial trading route for global commerce. Alongside the exploitation of marine resources, oil and gas, transportation, and port services, the development of coastal tourism is deemed a critical sector in promoting the growth of the maritime economy. Nevertheless, due to the national strategic position, the development of tourism in coastal areas faces challenges in reconciling national security policies for coastal defense with the goal of promoting economic development. This article examines the implementation of maritime economic development policies in Binh Dai district, Ben Tre province, highlighting a strategic balance between maintaining maritime security and promoting economic development for stakeholders. The study reveals that sustainable development in coastal tourism is not solely concerned with the livelihoods of local communities and environmental protection, which are typical concerns in other forms of tourism, rather, in the context of Binh Dai district, Ben Tre province, it is also tightly linked to maritime security.

Smart technologies and port operations: Optimal adoption strategy with network externality consideration

Smart technologies that streamline information among stakeholders can enhance operational efficiency at sea ports. The benefit of network externality from smart technologies further enhances port operations when more users adopt smart technologies. However, network externality has rarely been studied in port operations before. In this paper, we formulate a game theoretical model to identify a port’s optimal adoption strategy on smart technologies and analyze the impact of network externality on the port’s pricing and adoption decisions. A utility-based model is developed to study the added value of smart technology and its network effect for port operations. The port has three possible strategies in smart technology adoption: no adoption, full adoption and hybrid adoption. We show that either strategy can be optimal depending on the costs, direct benefit and strength of network externality of smart technology. Particularly, our findings reveal a positive relationship between the strength of the network effect and the likelihood of adopting the smart technology. Additionally, as the network effect strengthens, the likelihood of the hybrid adoption being optimal also increases. In addition, ports with frequent congestion and delay problems are likely better off with hybrid adoption than full adoption due to the benefit of network effect. Furthermore, our findings emphasize the importance of effectively communicating the network effect benefit of smart technology to port service users.

Interaction between islands and special economic zones: Spatial processes of containment and exclusion

AbstractDespite considerable research into special economic zones (SEZs) and Island Studies, islands and SEZs are rarely considered together. Islands and SEZs are, however, closely associated, in part due to the attractiveness of island characteristics (remoteness, boundedness, isolation) for exclusive economic processes. Many prominent SEZs are located on small islands, and many island economies function similarly to SEZs. Defining SEZs as ‘bounded spaces of economic and regulatory exception’, this paper considers deregulated industrial zones and exclusively branded smart cities and eco‐cities, as well as island SEZs designed for external benefit and for local benefit. The study shows that spatial processes of containment and exclusion are supported by islands and are especially useful for crafting SEZs, which may specialise in industries such as financial services, manufacturing, gaming, port services and high‐end tourism. Nevertheless, SEZ processes often create negative social, economic and environmental impacts. Island SEZs developed for external interest often seek to contain harm within islands or to exclude unfavourable factors, resulting in a spatial mismatch of harms and benefits. Island SEZs developed for local interest struggle to externalise harms, creating problems for island populations. The paper argues for the value of understanding islands and SEZs together, without exceptionalising them.

Customers Satisfaction of Port Services Hunimua Central Maluku

The aim of the research is to identify the factors that influence the satisfaction level of the Hunimua (South Maluku, Indonesia) crossing port service users. The study analyzes service performance on the level of service user’s satisfaction and customers’ loyalty at Hunimua ferry port. The study wants to find out the safety and security procedure in crossing transportation. The government stipulates minimum service standards for crossing transportation through Ministerial Regulations. The method used was Quantitative approach with a total sample of 100 passenger population at Hunimua ferry port after calculated using Slovin formula. The research used Path Analysis method. The results of the study indicate that the service performance has a positive and significant effect on customers’ satisfaction and loyalty by maintaining the quality service performance to meet the customers’ satisfaction. Customers’ interests have positive and significant effect on customers’ satisfaction and loyalty. Quality influences customers’ satisfaction and loyalty that could be traced from employees’ time to respond to customers appropriately, a sense of security during contact with staff, patience, company attention and understand the customers’ need. The variable of customers’ satisfaction could mediate the service performance and customers’ interest in customers’ loyalty.

Produktivitas Terminal dan Kinerja Operasional di Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok

The study aims to find out the effect of loading and unloading workers’ performance and port facilities on the terminal productivity and the port operational’s performance in Tanjung Priok Port. The problems of the study are the low productivity of loading and unloading performance in the port, the lack of main facilities and supporting equipments could decrease the loading and unloading performance and unorganized service performance in the port. The research method used path analysis with Structural Equation Modeling using Smart PLS. The 152 samples were taken from Tanjung Priok Port service users. It is concluded that directly and indirectly there is a significant positive effect on the performance of the loading and unloading workforce and port facilities on terminal productivity and the impact on port operational performance in Tanjung Priok Port.

RISK-ORIENTED MANAGEMENT OF PORTS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONCESSION PROJECTS

The subject matter of research in the article is the models and methods of risk management in the process of implementing concession projects within the port activities. The goal of the work is to develop a risk management model for the implementation of concession projects in the port to improve the efficiency of port activities and ensure the competitiveness of port services. The following tasks are solved in the article: analysis of international and national experience in reforming the port industry, consideration of the essence of the project-oriented approach in port management, determination of the relevance of the implementation of public-private partnership projects on the example of concession projects in the port, analysis of risks arising from the project management of ports within the concession, identification of concession project stakeholders, proposal of a classification model for risk distribution among project stakeholders, prioritization of risks based on the probability of their occurrence, identification and significance of negative consequences, development of a risk assessment model for port production in concession projects. The following methods are used: project management methods, failure mode and effects analysis method, risk management theory, quality management methods. The following results were obtained: based on analytical research of the world and Ukrainian experience in the operation of transport hubs, it was proved that an effective mechanism for increasing the competitiveness of ports is the implementation of reform principles based on project management methodology. It has been established that the most common type of port activity improvement is the implementation of concession projects. It is noted that in the process of managing a concession project, certain risks arise that require assessment. The stakeholders of the concession project are identified and a classification model for the distribution of risks between them is proposed. A model of risk-based port management in concession projects has been developed based on the failure mode and effects analysis method taking into account the determination of the risk priority rank. Conclusions. To increase the competitiveness of ports, it is proposed to develop and implement concession projects in port activities based on the project management methodology, the implementation of which can increase the efficiency of port services. There are risks in the management of port activities within a concession project. It is proposed to distribute them among stakeholders and determine the probabilities of occurrence, identifying risks, assessing the significance of their impact on the quality of port services. Based on the proposed risk assessment model, taking into account the determination of the priority rank, it is shown that the greatest risk is associated with the implementation of customs formalities and the danger of the port water area.