Port Network Research Articles

Machine learning-based PortScan attacks detection using OneR classifier

PortScan attacks are a common security threat in computer networks, where an attacker systematically scans a range of network ports on a target system to identify potential vulnerabilities. Detecting such attacks in a timely and accurate manner is crucial to ensure network security. Attackers can determine whether a port is open by sending a detective message to it, which helps them find potential vulnerabilities. However, the best methods for spotting and identifying port scanner attacks are those that use machine learning. One of the most dangerous online threats is PortScan attack, according to experts. The research is work on detection while improving detection accuracy. Dataset containing tags from network traffic is used to train machine learning techniques for classification. The JRip algorithm is trained and tested using the CICIDS2017 dataset. As a consequence, the best performance results for JRip-based detection schemes were 99.84%, 99.80%, 99.80%, and 0.09 ms for accuracy, precision, recall, F-score, and detection overhead, respectively. Finally, the comparison with current models demonstrated our model's proficiency and advantage with increased attack discovery speed.

USING MODIFIED SNIFFER SCRIPTS, IMPLEMENTING LINEAR ALGORITHMS FOR DETECTION OF NETWORK PORT SCAN ATTACKS IN LINUX BASED OPERATING SYSTEMS

In this scientific paper modified sniffer scripts, implementing linear algorithms for detection of network port scan attacks in Linux based operating systems are presented.

Research on Development 3D Ground Penetrating Radar Acquisition and Control Technology for Road Underground Diseases with Dual-Band Antenna Arrays.

This paper describes the development of a new 3D ground-penetrating radar (GPR) acquisition and control technology for road underground diseases with dual-band antenna arrays. The 3D GPR system can be mounted on a vehicle-loading device and used by vehicles to detect road underground diseases at regular speeds. Compared with existing 3D GPR systems, this new type of 3D GPR has the following design features: it has dual-band antenna arrays, including a 16-channel 400 MHz antenna array and an 8-channel 200 MHz antenna array, which not only improves the detection efficiency, but also effectively balances the detection depth and detection resolution. A novel antenna switching method for time division step multiplexing (TDSM) is realized via field programmable gate array (FPGA), which not only avoids the crosstalk of antenna echo signals of different frequencies, but also ensures the interval of the same antenna working time. By combining the advantages of the FPGA and micro-control unit (MCU), and utilizing the high-speed transmission of the network port, the high-speed real-time transmission of the 3D GPR echo data is achieved. Finally, the integration of all software and hardware verified the correctness of the system, with good results.

Synthesis of Filtering Terminal Antennas Based on N-Port Networks

Synthesis of Filtering Terminal Antennas Based on <i>N</i>-Port Networks

Разработка системы контроля инцидентов информационной безопасности

The purpose of this work is to develop an information security incident control sys-tem that meets the requirements for recorded information and information security incidents. the article raises the question of the need to create a system that will allow you to control information security incidents. Evaluation of existing solutions on the market, formation of requirements for the system. Selection and justification of technologies during development. After registering an incident, it is possible to interact with other network nodes, block the source IP address on the ME web server (iptables), close the network port, block domains on the proxy server. The functionality of viewing this information in the system web interface is also implemented. The article describes and substantiates the need to create and implement such a system in the information network. To achieve this goal, an analysis of the market for similar systems, as well as problems in their maintenance, was carried out. Based on the analysis, a technical task was developed with the subsequent implementation of the program code. The system was then tested and several work scenarios were implemented. In the work, an analysis of methodological documents related to information security incidents was made, a technical task was developed, a program code was implemented, and testing was carried out. As a result, the software "Information Security Incident Control System" was developed.

Alien species established in the Bay of Biscay suggest significant contribution of both fouling and dry ship compartments

IntroductionThe majority of studies on marine biosecurity focus on aquatic species, but invaders can also use dry ship compartments for dispersal; this pathway has been less explored than fouling or ballast water. Here we analysed the maritime traffic of the international Port of Gijon (south Bay of Biscay, Spain) as a case study.MethodsMain donor countries were identified from traffic data. From the Global Invasive Species Database, we detected a similar proportion of expected global alien invasive species (AIS) from fouling and containers pathways to be actually settled in the recipient region.ResultsThe AIS diversity transported via fouling was higher than that transported by containers. No significant difference between Australia, Brazil, Canada and South Africa in the proportion of global AIS actually transferred to Bay of Biscay supports the vision of port networks as a new ecosystem with multiple demes. Different AIS catalogues in the donor regions may explain a higher proportion of terrestrial AIS introduced via containers from Brazil and South Africa and marine AIS introduced via fouling.DiscussionA more careful surveillance of biota in dry ship compartments, including it in a future revision in the International Convention for Safe Containers, is recommended to reduce the contribution of shipping to biological invasions.

Domain decomposition method with generalized scattering matrix for radiowave propagation analysis

In this paper, we present a novel method based on generalized scattering matrix representation to analyse radiowave propagation. Problem domain is characterized as cascaded two port networks, of which the scattering relations are obtained by the use of Hermite–Gaussian (HG) basis functions. Then the field variation at the boundaries of the problem domain can be calculated by simple matrix operations. The approach is shown to yield accurate results in proposed numerical examples. The method proposed here can be extended to more complex and large domain electromagnetic problems with its systematic methodology.

Adaptation of Existing Vessels in Accordance with Decarbonization Requirements—Case Study—Mediterranean Port

This research investigates the application of photovoltaic (PV) systems on ship retrofits with the aim of reducing the emission of harmful gases. By using renewable energy resources, this research presents the potential for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improving energy efficiency in maritime operations, specifically within the Split coastal area. Overcoming the space restrictions on ships, an innovative design is presented to maximize the installation area for solar power. The research is conducted for several cases based on the IHOGA simulator, for all ship phases, and it aims to minimize fuel consumption by the diesel generators, thus emphasizing the use of renewable energy resources. A model with two operational modes is designed: Mode 1 allows surplus power to charge batteries or supply the port network, while Mode 2 covers power deficits from alternative sources. The implementation of renewables results in carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOX) emission reductions. Furthermore, during the ship hotelling phase, the load is supplied entirely by batteries, resulting in zero emissions at the port.

Denizcilik çalışmalarında sosyal ve davranışsal bilim eğilimleri: Anahtar kelime analizi

ABSTRACT&#x0D; &#x0D; It is known that the maritime industry is intertwined with scientific developments. Considering the number of scientific research and support projects, the relationship between the scientific community and the industry is getting stronger day by day. The research aims to determine the main trend in the articles published between 2011-2022 in the journals published in the field of maritime management and indexed in SSCI. To determine the trend in the field of maritime management, the keywords of 1528 articles published in 3 journals determined according to the limitations were analyzed. As a result of keyword and network analysis, ports, maritime transport, liner shipping, container terminals, and data envelopment analysis-DEA are the most used keywords. The most important result obtained as a result of this study is that the events in the world (war, pandemic, terrorism, piracy, etc.) are in a rapid upward trend in the field of maritime business management and the scientific community has shown a rapid reaction on these issues.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Maritime research, keyword analysis, social sciences, trends, SSCI

An analysis on the resilience of the European port network

Resilience measures based on topological indices from graph theory are proposed to measure three essential aspects of the network resilience, namely connection extent measured by the extent of nodal connection, connection efficiency measured by the connection time aspect, and connection scale measured by service capacity aspect. Real liner service data are utilized to capture the intrinsic structure of the intra-Europe port network and measure its resilience against three potential “attack strategies”. We conclude that the intra-Europe network has a low resiliency towards potential port disruptions as it relies heavily on a few large ports, and is highly sensitive to the easiest human-led attack strategy or a regional natural disaster surrounding the German port region. Also, Piraeus port is found to hold a critical role in the network connection. Another interesting port is Bremerhaven which provides unique connections to many small ports in the network. This study has important political and managerial implications, especially for Europe facing a new era of high uncertainties and continuous turbulences.

Design and study of a hydrogen concentration online monitoring system

This paper designs a hydrogen concentration online monitoring system, mainly completes the construction of the software and hardware platform, select the I.MX6ULL embedded processor as the core hardware platform and embedded Linux system transplantation, root file system construction, hardware peripherals driver design, complete the human-computer interface based on QT application framework and save the collected data to the memory of the embedded motherboard and send to the cloud in real time through the network port.

Design of Circularly Polarized Smartwatch Antenna With Reactive Loads

Designing multi-functional antennas is challenging for smartwatches enclosed by metallic frame. In this letter, we propose an efficient and practical method to realize circular polarization (CP) and multiband operation for smartwatch antennas. The method is based on the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> -port network, with <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> ports initially placed along the ground clearance. By varying the impedance matrix using reactance, the total currents of the antenna and hence the far-field properties are optimized. The optimization is performed using multi-objective optimizer NSGA-II. As a result, three reactive loads, with the optimized locations and values, are applied to the smartwatch with metallic frame, providing an axial ratio (AR) of 2.2 dB at the GPS L1 band and wide bandwidths at both the GPS L1 and WLAN/BT bands in the arm-worn scenario. Antenna prototype was fabricated, with the measured results agreeing well with the simulated ones. The simple and practical implementation is quite attractive for commercial smartwatch antennas.

An Emergency Port Decision-Making Method for Maritime Accidents in Arctic Waters

The complex and variable hydro-meteorological conditions in Arctic waters and scattered and limited port infrastructures pose a great threat and challenge to Arctic emergency search and rescue. It is crucial to determine an available and effective emergency port for rescue in the event of a maritime accident occurring in Arctic waters. In the present study, a directed-weighted emergency port network consisting of maritime accident nodes and port nodes for maritime accident-prone areas in Arctic waters is developed based on complex network theory. For this, the maritime accident nodes are identified by using a K-means clustering algorithm based on historical accident data; the port nodes are determined by screening of the port location and scale; the weights for edges between accident nodes and port nodes are characterized in terms of ERT (emergency rescue time) and PEC (port emergency capacity), and the PECs for different emergency ports along Arctic waters are acquired by entropy-weighted TOPSIS. With the developed emergency port network, the topological properties associated with the accident nodes, port nodes, and the edge weights between accident nodes and port nodes are analyzed. What is more, the emergency ports for each maritime accident point occurring in Arctic waters are obtained and ranked.

An Optimization Method of Large-Scale Video Stream Concurrent Transmission for Edge Computing

Concurrent access to large-scale video data streams in edge computing is an important application scenario that currently faces a high cost of network access equipment and high data packet loss rate. To solve this problem, a low-cost link aggregation video stream data concurrent transmission method is proposed. Data Plane Development Kit (DPDK) technology supports the concurrent receiving and forwarding function of multiple Network Interface Cards (NICs). The Q-learning data stream scheduling model is proposed to solve the load scheduling of multiple queues of multiple NICs. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) transmission processing unit was dynamically selected by data stream classification, as well as a reward function, to achieve the dynamic load balancing of data stream transmission. The experiments conducted demonstrate that this method expands the bandwidth by 3.6 times over the benchmark scheme for a single network port, and reduces the average CPU load ratio by 18%. Compared to the UDP and DPDK schemes, it lowers the average system latency by 21%, reduces the data transmission packet loss rate by 0.48%, and improves the overall system transmission throughput. This transmission optimization scheme can be applied in data centers and edge computing clusters to improve the communication performance of big data processing.

A multi-layer modelling approach for mining versatile ports of a global maritime transportation network

ABSTRACT International ports play critical roles in maintaining transportation flows and sustaining the effectiveness of global maritime logistics. Although the concept of versatile ports has been introduced to represent the specific patterns that these ports play at the regional and global levels, there is still a need for the design and development of computational approaches that support these notions. This paper introduces a flexible multi-layer network approach for an international maritime network whose interest is that it offers a flexible model that favours the identification of the different transportation flows and versatile ports. The model is complemented by a series of structural indices complemented by a new overlap measure that evaluates the specific role of a given port across various transportation trades. The whole approach is implemented and experimented with using massive AIS maritime data that supports the automatic generation of the multi-layer network, and derivation of the structural measures while maintaining a flexible view of the maritime network. The experiments applied to the global maritime transportation network identify key versatile ports and highlight significant differences at the regional and trade flow levels.

Beamforming Network Design Utilizing Node Microstrip Architectures for Dual-Polarized Endfire Millimeter-Wave Antenna Arrays

A node microstrip architecture is proposed for designing a compact Butler Matrix (BM) that is integrated with a dual-polarized endfire antenna array. The node microstrip architecture can be used to form a variety of compact 2 × 2 port networks including, but not limited to, couplers and crossovers. By concatenating the 2 × 2 port networks together, a compact BM with any number of ports can be formed. Using the proposed method, a compact 4 × 4 port BM operating in the millimeter wave band is designed and integrated with a dual-polarized endfire antenna array. The size of the compact BM is 2.1λ × 2λ and the size of the whole dual-polarized endfire antenna array with BM is 2.6λ × 4.8λ, which is smaller than traditional structures. The measured radiation pattern of the dual-polarized antenna array can achieve beam-scanning up to ±38° in the azimuth plane. The two beams in the dual-polarized endfire antenna array can also be independently steered. The optimized compact BM is potentially suitable for use in 5G wireless communication handsets.

Forwarding containers to dry ports in congested logistic networks

This work investigates the impact of container arrival flow rate on the port surrounding network and proposes a mixed integer programming model to optimize their forwarding towards dry port destinations. A novel efficient model with limited network capacity and time period dependent travel cost function is proposed. The aim is to give a decision support for operational planning with limited capacity of both the terminal yard and the logistic network, with respect to the quantity of containers transferred per time unit. The model considers time dependent costs and traveling times to reduce congestion. As a further novel issue of the model, arc costs and traveling times change during specific time slots. More precisely, new linear functions are derived as tangents to the nonlinear convex components of a classical traveling time function proposed in the literature. The aim is to produce a light model which can be effectively used for macro planning of forwarding operations. The model is proved to be fast in real case instances also if compared to classical literature approaches. The model is used to study the container dispatching process in a terminal which is going to be the main Italian container terminal equipped to manage mega-ship traffic. Results obtained from real-size instances are reported. We tested the behavior of the model under different scenarios. Our tests confirmed model efficiency and its of supporting the management of peak events also by controlling shut-down time slots to lower congestion.

Resilience Evaluation of Ports along the Maritime Silk Road from the Perspective of Investment and Construction

Since the establishment of the “Belt and Road” initiative, the investment and construction of ports along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road have received extensive attention from the international community. The evaluation of ports is of great significance to investors’ investments and construction of ports around the world, so it is very necessary to establish a reasonable port evaluation system. At present, there are few studies on defining and evaluating port resilience, and the existing port evaluation index system has defects. Therefore, according to the similarity between cities and ports, this paper introduces the concept of “three-dimensional space” and the “system of systems” theory of cities and divides the resilience of ports along the Maritime Silk Road into three-dimensional spaces of “physical-society-information.” The CRITIC-entropy method and the TOPSIS method constructed a port resilience evaluation model along the Maritime Silk Road and quantitatively evaluated and analyzed the comprehensive resilience and subspatial resilience of 28 ports along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. The results show that the route network port degree, the annual throughput of the port container, and the number of fixed broadband subscribers per 100 people are the key indicators that affect the port’s physical space resilience, social space resilience, and information space resilience. Also, coordinated physical, social, and information spatial resilience development plays a catalytic role in improving overall resilience. Therefore, the investment of ports along the Maritime Silk Road should adopt corresponding and more targeted investment plans according to the actual resilience of each port. The research provides new ideas and directions for investors to invest in port construction and has certain practical guiding significance for the increase of investors’ income and the sound development of the national economy.

Direct Synthesis of Acoustic Wave Multiplexers Built on Fully Canonical Multiport Functions

This work proposes the first analytical method for the direct synthesis of multiplexers based on acoustic wave (AW) ladder filters connected in a star junction topology. It describes the computation of the polynomial representation of a multiport ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${K} +$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 1 ports) network with fully canonical (FC) channels and derives a set of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${K}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> distorted channel polynomials from which each of the AW ladder filters is synthesized. The channel polynomials are distorted in a way such that when connected together at the star junction, the desired multiplexer response is obtained avoiding degradation due to channel loading. The method allows to freely set the fractional bandwidth (FBW), return loss (RL), and transmission zeros (TZs) of each channel enabling the search for multiplexers that fulfill the technological requirements of AW technology in terms of electromechanical coupling coefficient and area occupancy among others. Moreover, since the multiport network polynomials incorporate the complete effects of the loading between channels as, for example, additional TZs, the synthesized multiplexers depict an improvement of isolation when compared with a design based on only controlling the reflection phase of each channel filter. The proposed method is rigorously demonstrated by means of a synthesized multiplexer example providing the Butterworth–Van Dyke (BVD) elements of each channel filter. This approach avoids intensive optimization procedures and represents a useful technique for the design of carrier aggregation (CA) filter modules in a direct and controlled manner.

Generating Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states using multiport splitters

Symmetric multiport splitters are versatile tools in optical quantum information processing. They can be used for studying multiparticle scattering, for studying distinguishability and mixedness, and also for the generation of multipartite entangled quantum states. Here, we show that $N$-photon $N$-mode Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states can be generated using symmetric multiport beam splitters. Varying the input states' internal degrees of freedom and postselecting onto certain photon-number distributions allows the probabilistic generation of GHZ states with arbitrary photon numbers. We present two schemes, one for odd and one for even numbers of photons, to generate GHZ states using symmetric multiport splitters and compare them to a strategy utilizing a $2N$-port network as well as the standard postselection method.