Port Industry Research Articles

Environmental management systems in Greek ports: A transformation tool?

Environmental Management Systems in ports represent an effort to combine high-quality port services and strong environmental performance with modern management strategies and street-level implementation. The broader use of EMS indicates a shift towards more sustainable port organization, operation and development, but also a trend to optimize objectives, means and procedures through a consistent, well-organized and result-oriented effort. This research paper delves into EMS as transformative tools, with a particular focus on their implementation and impact within Greek ports. Our findings suggest that EMS are powerful tools. They have the capacity to set strategic decisions into motion, establish concrete and measurable targets, introduce new processes and procedures, reorganize existing structures or create new ones, mobilize resources effectively, and generate tangible outputs and effects. Concurrently, EMS may have significant externalities by catalyzing changes in port strategy, governance, structure, or organizational culture. EMS reflect a heightened environmental ambition and engagement on the part of port authorities and serve as catalysts for the environmental mainstreaming and sustainability efforts within the port industry. Nonetheless, it is important to acknowledge that EMS implementation does have certain limits and limitations that should be taken into account when striving for better environmental performance or sustainable port development.

ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ПОРТОВОЇ ГАЛУЗІ УКРАЇНИ

Abstract.Increasing energy efficiency and developing sustainable energy is one of the most important priorities in all countries of the world. Virtually any enterprise has great opportunities to save energy resources and increase energy efficiency. Nevertheless, in most cases these opportunities remain unrealized.The article examines the problems of energy efficiency and its improvement at enterprises of the port industry.Increasing the energy efficiency of port industry enterprises leads to savings in payment for electricity and increasing their competitiveness.Currently, there are no real opportunities to manage power supply modes of port industry enterprises at the required level.A comprehensive solution to the problem of improving the quality of power supply management in seaports requires scientific research, research and development, implementation and industrial testing of energysaving technologies that have high accuracy, speed, uniformity, compactness and ease of maintenance, care, and installation.Management of the power supply modes of the port industry enterprise must be carried out in order to maintain the characteristics and modes of operation of individual elements of the power supply system within the limits of regulatory parameters, in order to avoid disruption of their normal functioning, prevention and localization of accidents, and improvement of the overall quality of operational and dispatch management of the power system.A comprehensive solution to the problem of power supply to port industry enterprises requires the development of a modern system of accounting and control of power consumption parameters. In order to improve the technical and economic performance of energy companies, it is necessary to develop an automated system for monitoring and accounting for electricity consumption, which provides solutions to the problems of commercial and technical accounting of consumed energy and power, as well as data processing and archiving.The automated system of control and accounting of electricity consumption of enterprises of the port industry should perform the functions of technical and commercial accounting of electricity and power, collect, process and accumulate energy consumption data, as well as monitor the parameters of the quality of electrical energy.Keywords: energy efficiency, power supply, port industry enterprises, infrastructure of sea ports, competitiveness

DMLBC: Dependable machine learning for seaports using blockchain technology

The technological shifts driven by Industry 4.0 and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has ushered new challenges for seaports, necessitating a transformation in their information and communications systems to enhance global competitiveness. As the United Nations (UN) International Maritime Organization mandates the adoption of a Maritime Single Window in short time, seaports are compelled to adapt their operations. Addressing these challenges, this research introduces the Dependable Machine Learning for seaports using Blockchain (DMLBC) method, offering a secure technological system that integrates transactional data among various logistics stakeholders. DMLBC enhances efficiency in document control, traceability, loading processes, and collaborative workflows. The method employs a architecture grounded in Blockchain (BC) and harnesses Machine Learning Techniques. In a practical application, DMLBC is implemented in a real case study, demonstrating its efficacy for decision making of port operations. The research discusses the contributions that the DMLBC method has compared to what exists in the bibliographic review and in other port industries worldwide. Describes future exploration directions and It emphasizes the potential for generating additional predictions by incorporating others Key Performance Indicators (KPI)s, integrating DMLBC with Decision Support System (DSS), and delving into the realm of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) to fortify the security of seaport operations in the evolving technological landscape.

Juridical Analysis of the Implementation of the ISPS Code (International Ship and Port Security Code) by Shipping Service Providers to Improve Security for Ships and Port Facilities (Research Study at the Port of Bintan Inti Industrial Estate Lobam)

The International Ship and Port Security Code (ISPS Code) is a comprehensive rule regarding measures to increase security for ships and port facilities, this rule was developed in response to perceived threats that could occur to ships and port facilities following the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States. The problems in this research are legal regulations regarding the implementation of the ISPS Code in Indonesia, the implementation of the ISPS Code (International Ship And Port Security Code) by shipping service providers to improve security for ships and port facilities at the Port of Bintan Inti Industrial Estate Lobam, Obstacle Factors and Obstacles as well as solutions regarding ISPS (International Ship And Port Security) at Bintan Inti Industrial Estate Lobam Port. The research method used in this research is combined normative and empirical research with a juridical approach. The juridical approach is an approach taken by exploring the laws and regulations relating to the problem to be researched. The research method explains the entire series of activities that will be carried out in order to answer the main problem to prove the assumptions put forward. Legal regulations regarding the implementation of the ISPS Code (International Ship And Port Security Code) in Indonesia. ISPS Code (International Ship And Port Security Code) is an international regulation regarding the security of ships and port facilities. The ISPS Code consists of two parts, part A and part B. Part A contains mandatory requirements for: Government, Ships / Companies and Port Facilities. Part B contains guidelines: Background, Fulfillment, and Assistance. Maritime Security in the present and future tends to be disturbed/threatened. It is recommended for shipping service providers to establish a framework that involves cooperation between the governments of signatory countries, government agencies, local governments and the shipping industry and port industry to identify security threats and take preventive action against security incidents that impact ships or facilities. ports used for international trade to ensure sufficient confidence in the maritime and proportional security measures in place.

Assessing the Bankruptcy Risks of China's Emerging Port Industries: Modeling and Early Warning

Vigorously developing emerging marine industries are an important way for China to implement the strategy of “Sea Power Nation”, and improving the ability of port enterprises to prevent financial and tax risks is a key link in accelerating the high-quality development of the marine economy. The research objective of this paper is to construct a reasonable early warning financial model for emerging port industries in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao Greater Bay Area. The research hypothesis is that the original Z-SCORE model and F-SCORE model are not able to accurately predict the financial risk of emerging marine industries. The data of typical port enterprises are utilized to compare the financial risk; after that risk assessment and early warning are carried out. This paper adopts the Delphi method to assign weights to different indicators and utilizes the Analytic Hierarchy Process method to derive a financial and tax early warning model applicable to Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao Greater Bay Area. The results of the study found that the traditional “Z-score model” and “F-score model” are less applicable to the emerging industries in the ports of Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao Greater Bay Area. This paper will construct a financial and tax risk control model corresponding to the development of port emerging industries and provide early warning when exceeding a certain threshold to help enterprises develop better. In addition, this paper also puts forward policy suggestions for risk management of emerging port industries from the aspects of system improvement and government-enterprise linkage.

Toward sustainable port development: an empirical analysis of China’s port industry using an ESG framework

In recent years, the issue of sustainable development has become increasingly important in the port industry. As port policies are altered under decentralization and governance models, the application of corporate responsibility (CR) is expanding. It is now expected that ports take on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) responsibilities. This paper focuses on the application of an ESG framework to the port industry in China, with a specific emphasis on social responsibilities. By focusing on ESG-focal issues in the port industry, we establish a model for evaluating the sustainability of ports that takes into account the three dimensions of environment, society, and governance. An empirical analysis of Shanghai Port in China is presented to illustrate the application of the framework. The paper highlights the main contribution of the ESG framework to support sustainable port development and provides recommendations for promoting the implementation of ESG and sustainable development in the industry.

Spatial effect of digital economy on the coordinated development of Port cities

Under the background of thriving digital economy and the digitization of port industry, using data derived from port cities in Guangdong, this study intends to investigate the spatial effect of digital economy on the port city coordination. This paper firstly measures the port city coupling coordination degrees and the digital economy comprehensive development levels, then estimates the spatial spill over effect of digital economy on the port city coordination by constructing the dynamic Spatial Durbin Model (SDM). To further clarify local patterns of the spatial effect, this paper subsequently analyses the spatial effects within and between three sub regions in Guangdong. The results show that first, the port city coordination has a habit persistence; second, the digital economy development may be mainly due to the local policy; third, the digital economy has a positive spatial spillover effect on the port city coordination, and the effect will increase over time; forth, the spatial effects in the Pearl River Delta and in the western and eastern areas present different patterns. The quantitative research enriches the port city theory under the new circumstances of digital economy, and brings new insights into regional integration and sustainable development.

Inovasi Berkelanjutan: ESG Initiatives Untuk Masa Depan Yang Bertanggung Jawab

In an era of globalization marked by rapid technological progress, sustainability has become a central issue governing many aspects of human life. Sustainability is no longer just an academic term but a guiding principle that guides action and innovation across all sectors. Continuous innovation plays an important role in responding to environmental, social and corporate challenges in operating responsibly. ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) principles have emerged as a key framework inspiring continuous innovation, key to creating a more sustainable and responsible future. In the context of the port industry, Pelindo, one of the largest operators, is committed to various ESG initiatives to maintain sustainability in its operations. These measures include environmental, social and governance actions aimed at reducing environmental impact, improving the well-being of communities surrounding the port and strengthening corporate governance. Pelindo understands the importance of maintaining ecosystems and creating a positive impact. This effort, therefore, constitutes an important step towards a socially and environmentally responsible future. Close collaboration between government, business and communities is needed to promote sustainability in the port industry, considering sustainable logistics practices and low-carbon energy as solutions for a more sustainable future.

Evaluation of the Coupling Synergy Degree of Inland Ports and Industries along the Yangtze River

This paper takes the two subsystems of inland ports and industries along the Yangtze River as a composite system as a research object, providing insight into the influence of the development efficiency of inland ports along the Yangtze River and the coupling and synergy degree of industry. Firstly, the coupling synergy effect of the inland port industry is qualitatively expounded, and secondly, the entropy weight TOPSIS method is used to construct a coupling coordination model to analyze the measurement of the development efficiency and industrial coupling synergy relationship between inland ports along the Yangtze River. Twelve cities along the Yangtze River were selected as examples, the coupling synergy degree of their ports was evaluated by referring to the comprehensive port development synergy index from 2010 to 2019, and the development levels and evolution processes of the different cities were compared and analyzed. The coupling synergy development of the inland port industry along the Yangtze River can provide a basis for the problems and countermeasures faced by the integrated development of the inland port industry along the Yangtze River.

Mismatch between volume and value: a new perspective on the significance of global ports

ABSTRACT To achieve high-volume and high-quality development of maritime transport and establish a port industry ecosystem, maritime stakeholders and national policymakers must recognise ports as crucial economic and trade windows. For a comprehensive and in-depth interpretation of a port, this study focuses on seaborne cargo as the entry point and proposes a methodological framework for assessing port importance. The proposed framework is based on a multi-methodological fusion and considers the relationship between the type, direction, volume, and value of the maritime cargo transported through the port, while distinguishing between the associated economic sectors, industry types, imports, exports and transhipments, and volume and value. Hence, port importance is assessed based on three dimensions: identification of the maritime transport cargo types for which the port has a comparative advantage, measurement of the port combined cargo transport capacity, and differentiation of the port type. The results reveal that seaborne cargo volumes and values are mismatched in global ports; high seaborne cargo value increases port importance to a greater degree than high seaborne cargo volume; and ports can be classified as inland serving, balanced inland and outward serving, and outward serving. These findings provide a research basis for a new port industrial-ecosystem construction strategy.

Does sustainability reporting affect firm performance? Evidence from the port sector

Given that stakeholders are paying more and more attention to the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) policies of firms, the objective of this paper is to study the effect of ESG disclosure on firm performance, focusing on companies involved in port activities; precisely, (i) a port company/authority, (ii) a terminal operator/stevedore, and (iii) an integrated carrier. The study contributes to the existing knowledge by incorporating ESG scores and looking at factors that indicate financial strength. The contribution of our study will lie in complementing and adding to the existing knowledge, along with further incentivizing sustainable firm performance. This study discovers that a positive relationship between ESG disclosure, firm value, and firm performance exists, as determined by market-to-book ratio and Q ratio, respectively. It considers a panel regression examination, by means of a sample of 213 publicly listed ports and considering a time period of 5 years. This study will benefit scholars, decision-makers, legislators, and stakeholders of ports through improving their comprehension of how ESG disclosure affects the performance of firms, in general and specifically for each pillar. Highlights The aim of the present study is to examine the impact of ESG (environmental, social, and governance) disclosure on the performance of firms that are engaged in port-related operations. More specifically, our focus is on three types of companies, namely, a port company/authority, a terminal operator/stevedore, and an integrated carrier The present study has found that a favorable correlation exists between ESG disclosure, firm value, and firm performance, as gauged by the market-to-book ratio and Q ratio, correspondingly The study conducts a panel regression analysis, utilizing a sample of 213 publicly listed ports over a time period of five years This study will be advantageous to scholars, decision-makers, legislators and stakeholders in the port industry, as it enhances their understanding of how ESG disclosure impacts firm performance, both globally and within each distinct pillar

A Conceptual Model for Sustainable Green Port Practices: A Case Study of Northport (Malaysia) Berhad

This paper aims to propose a conceptual model for sustainable green port practices. The port industry is the main gateway of trade around the world. Nowadays, ports do not only focus on business purposes but also non-business purposes specifically environmental concerns surrounding the ports. As the public becomes more engaged with the risks of climate change and the composition of port shareholders changes, the philosophy towards port business has evolved too. The environment has become an in-thing for ports to emphasize the sustainability of their business. It is also the regulation that is implemented by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to protect the environment and community because ports are also the source contributing to pollution. Thus, the introduction of Green Port Initiatives (GPIs) is the best way and resolution to highlight the importance of keeping a safe environment for the future. The study presents the conceptual framework portraying the elements concerning the sustainability of GPIs from the Northport perspective. Firstly, examining the level of awareness of GPIs among the port community; secondly mapping the port GPIs to the six key areas of Green Port Concepts; thirdly, understanding the initial key areas of initiatives which port community is interested in practicing; and fourthly, comparison GPIs at Northport with other port for benchmarking. The findings will provide ideas on the best strategies to implement and sustain the GPIs at Northport (Malaysia) Berhad towards their operation and more significantly meeting the United Nation’s 17 SDGs.

SEA PORT INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR PORT DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PORT-LANDLORD MANAGEMENT MODEL

Topicality. The port industry acts as a link in the global transport services arena and is the basis for the development of the entire economy. The ability of ports to compete in the international transport market depends not least on how the government manages this sector, and therefore the need for a comprehensive study to implement the right (effective) management model and increase the level of economic development of seaports is becoming increasingly important.Aim and tasks. The purpose of this article is to reveal the essence of the operation of maritime economic complexes management models, to understand the current state of Ukrainian ports and develop recommendations for further development of port infrastructure, taking into account the experience of the most developed EU ports.Materials and Methods. To achieve this goal, the article uses general scientific research methods, namely: methods of system analysis, methods of comparison and logical generalisation. The information sources for this study are the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of implementing the model of management of the maritime economic complex, analytical data and data from open sources.Research results. In today's environment, when trade between countries is gaining significant momentum, it is important to improve the port sector and its components. This is a driver for development and change in the infrastructure, especially as shipping is one of the cheapest ways to transport goods. Ukraine's stable development as an importing and exporting country depends on the state's ability to create the necessary conditions for effective changes in this area. The article emphasises the need to change the model of port infrastructure management and briefly describes each of the port management models defined in accordance with the criteria set by the World Bank. The necessity of bringing port management closer to the port-landlord model was emphasized. It is emphasised that the transition to the port-landlord model is not about the Ukrainian Sea Ports Authority (hereinafter - USPA) obtaining land ownership, but about transforming the USPA into a port authority with full powers and tools to increase the competitiveness of the Ukrainian port system.Conclusion. This work proposes a set of measures aimed at qualitatively bringing the Ukrainian model closer to the practice of port management in Northwest Europe.

PRINCIPLES OF PORT INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT

The paper examines the principles of managing the state of the port industry, which is an integral part of strategic planning for the development of port complexes in the maritime industry. Methodical approaches to the systematization of management princi

Estuarine territorialization and the port of Hamburg

The port of Hamburg is the third-largest port in Europe and located approximately 120 km from the North Sea in the inner delta of the vast Elbe estuary. The foundation, expansion, and maintenance of Hamburg’s port required the reconfiguration of the estuary and its inner delta. Dredging and reclamation have transformed aquatic spaces and provided the material framework conditions for shipping and port industry. We build our contribution on an analysis of contemporary and historical documents, newspaper articles, and qualitative interviews, focusing on the metabolism of territorialization and protests against port expansion. Conceptually, we formulate a political ecology of estuarine territorialization and show how the materiality and the tidal-fuelled power of the Elbe estuary and constant dredging produce a specific form of territoriality, which is itself dynamic and in constant change, reflecting power dynamics within society and among humans and the estuary.

Glass Ceiling Paradox and Women’s Career Progression: A Case of Female Employees in Colombo Port, Sri Lanka

Despite the increasing participation of women in the workforce, their representation in decision-making positions on the corporate ladder has been slow and remains a worldwide concern. One of the primary reasons behind this concern has been identified in the literature as the theory of the ‘Glass Ceiling’. On the other hand, with such enormous strategic potential, more involvement and contribution of women in all economic sectors, particularly the maritime and ports industry in Sri Lanka is much needed. However, Sri Lanka has a lower rate of women's participation in the maritime sector compared to other countries in the world which highlight the need for further investigation into this issue. Therefore, the current research aimed to explore the effect of the Glass Ceiling theory on Women's Career Progression in the Sri Lankan port sector. The study used a quantitative approach and surveyed 108 executive-level female employees in Port of Colombo using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS. The results revealed that Individual, Family, and Organizational factors negatively impacted Women's Career Progression, while Cultural factors had a positive impact. Furthermore, the study found that the Glass Ceiling has a 77.8 percent influence on the Women Career Progression among executive-level female employees working under the Sri Lanka Ports Authority. These findings highlight the need of addressing Individual, Family, Organizational, and Cultural factors to promote female upward mobility in the maritime and port industry in Sri Lanka.

Integrated Erp And Web Aplication Through Ipman (Integrated Port Time Management)

Era Internet of things has become an everyday life that should be a usual things. Company need to see this as a usual and always keep up so it wont left behind by their competitor. Logistic and supply chain management is of the key when an industry has a production plant and also a marketing because it can control from upstream untill downstream. Supply chain management is becoming a critical issue that the company have to get the best way to get more efficient supply chain. Shipping and port industry have growth to be a global operator to give services around the world. Port management also needed to be managed because the shorter time of ship in the port, the activity could get more and it will give more efficient cost for the terminal. Port time has a direct relation to oil bunker consumption which is if the ship/vessel can minimize their port time, bunker consumption also become lower then the emission also lower. Supply chain management could connect with a system that manage and plan company resources including funds, time, machine, tools, etc., then supply chain management could go digital. ERP looked complicated because it is an integrated concept of planning and managing company resources. When the ERP become too complex, the company could make a ‘bridge’ that can be a hub to connect a different website or application , so , the data will store in the same server and analysis could be done faster.

Port supply chain integration and sustainability: a resource-based view

PurposeIt is claimed that port supply chain integration (PSCI), thanks to its attributes, holds a potential to trigger a port to strategically sustain performance- and competitiveness-measures through strengthening and/or reinforcing an array of port sustainability aspects. This paper aims to empirically investigate the existent influence of PSCI on economic and environmental pillars of port sustainability.Design/methodology/approachBased on a resource-based view, this paper hypothesises that PSCI has a certain impact on port “economic” sustainability (PECS) and port “environmental” sustainability (PENS). Measures of PSCI, PECS and PENS are refined and validated using data collected from the maritime logistics industry in Egypt, and structural equation modelling is employed to test the hypothetical relationships.FindingsThe results indicate that a port having adopted an integrative strategy into supply chains could enhance its cost and operational efficiency, financial and investment situation, while offering high-quality services to its customers. Similarly, PSCI is emphatically correlated with water and air pollution management, energy efficiency and green port management practices.Research limitations/implicationsHaving identified the acute potential of PSCI for sustainable development in maritime logistics and supply chains, this line of research allows port operators and/or authorities to better understand strategic options with which they are able to improve their sustainability practices. This paper is, however, limited only to two dimensions of sustainability by not exploring the “social” aspect of port sustainability due to data-related issues.Originality/valueThis line of research could be regarded as an extended application from other industrial sectors to the port industry in a way to empirically examine the inclusive relationship of PSCI with economic and environmental parameters. The findings from this research make a due contribution to the field of port sustainability in general and Egyptian ports in particular.

RISK-ORIENTED MANAGEMENT OF PORTS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONCESSION PROJECTS

The subject matter of research in the article is the models and methods of risk management in the process of implementing concession projects within the port activities. The goal of the work is to develop a risk management model for the implementation of concession projects in the port to improve the efficiency of port activities and ensure the competitiveness of port services. The following tasks are solved in the article: analysis of international and national experience in reforming the port industry, consideration of the essence of the project-oriented approach in port management, determination of the relevance of the implementation of public-private partnership projects on the example of concession projects in the port, analysis of risks arising from the project management of ports within the concession, identification of concession project stakeholders, proposal of a classification model for risk distribution among project stakeholders, prioritization of risks based on the probability of their occurrence, identification and significance of negative consequences, development of a risk assessment model for port production in concession projects. The following methods are used: project management methods, failure mode and effects analysis method, risk management theory, quality management methods. The following results were obtained: based on analytical research of the world and Ukrainian experience in the operation of transport hubs, it was proved that an effective mechanism for increasing the competitiveness of ports is the implementation of reform principles based on project management methodology. It has been established that the most common type of port activity improvement is the implementation of concession projects. It is noted that in the process of managing a concession project, certain risks arise that require assessment. The stakeholders of the concession project are identified and a classification model for the distribution of risks between them is proposed. A model of risk-based port management in concession projects has been developed based on the failure mode and effects analysis method taking into account the determination of the risk priority rank. Conclusions. To increase the competitiveness of ports, it is proposed to develop and implement concession projects in port activities based on the project management methodology, the implementation of which can increase the efficiency of port services. There are risks in the management of port activities within a concession project. It is proposed to distribute them among stakeholders and determine the probabilities of occurrence, identifying risks, assessing the significance of their impact on the quality of port services. Based on the proposed risk assessment model, taking into account the determination of the priority rank, it is shown that the greatest risk is associated with the implementation of customs formalities and the danger of the port water area.

Port congestion under the COVID-19 pandemic: The simulation-based countermeasures

As the hub connecting global production and consumption, ports play a pivotal role in the global maritime supply chain system. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and its rapid global spread have caused significant port congestion, resulting in skyrocketing freight rates and posing a serious threat to the smooth operation of international trade. Based on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have developed a novel container port congestion evaluation model by integrating the classical SEIR model, using the system dynamics (SD) theory. In this study, we simulate the impact of different port congestion countermeasures using data from Ningbo Zhoushan Port. The results demonstrate that implementing smart regulations at a high level of epidemic prevention and control is the most efficient approach to swiftly eliminate port congestion. In addition, it is worth mentioning that in the scenarios with a low level of epidemic prevention and control, increasing port investment to optimize smart ports can yield even better effects. Furthermore, we have discussed the impact of factors such as the ratio of infected people, the number of contacted people, and epidemic prevention and control capacity on port congestion index. Hence, we propose that the implementation of advanced smart regulation systems can enhance port operational efficiency and effectively alleviate port congestion. Additionally, amidst the normalization of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has yet to disappear, it is crucial to maintain a vigilant approach to prevention and control to ensure the seamless operation of the port industry.